Cornet: wehewehe o ka mea kani, haku mele, kani, mōʻaukala, hoʻohana

Nui nā mea kani keleawe ma ka honua. Me ko lākou ʻano like waho, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia me kona ʻano ponoʻī a me ke kani. E pili ana i kekahi o lākou - ma kēia ʻatikala.

Overview

ʻO Cornet (unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Farani "cornet a pistons" - "horn with pistons"; mai ka ʻōlelo Italia "cornetto" - "horn") he mea kani o ka hui keleawe, i lako me kahi mīkini piston. Ma waho, ua like ia me ka paipu, akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ke korine.

Ma ka systematization, he ʻāpana ia o ka hui o nā aerophones: ke kumu o ke kani he kolamu o ka ea. Hoʻopuka ka mea hoʻokani i ka ea i loko o ka waha, e hōʻiliʻili i loko o ke kino kani a hana hou i nā nalu kani.

Ua kākau ʻia nā memo no ka cornet ma ka puʻupuʻu treble; i ka helu helu, aia ka laina cornet ma lalo o nā ʻāpana pū. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa a ma ke ʻano o ka makani a me ka symphony orchestras.

Mōʻaukala hanana

ʻO nā mea mua o ka mea kani keleawe, ʻo ia ka pū lāʻau a me ke korineta lāʻau. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pū i ka wā kahiko i mea hōʻailona i ka poʻe hahai holoholona a me nā mea lawe leka. I ka Middle Ages, ua ala mai kahi cornet lāʻau, i kaulana i nā hoʻokūkū o nā naita a me nā ʻano hanana like ʻole o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia e ka haku mele ʻItalia nui ʻo Claudio Monteverdi.

I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 18, ua nalowale ka kaulana o ka cornet lāʻau. I nā makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Sigismund Stölzel i ka cornet-a-piston hou me kahi mīkini piston. Ma hope mai, ua hāʻawi nui ka cornetist kaulana ʻo Jean-Baptiste Arban i ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mea kani ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻomaka nā conservatories Farani e wehe i nā papa he nui no ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka cornet, nā mea kani, me ka pū, ua hoʻomaka e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā orkestra like ʻole.

Ua hele mai ka cornet i Rusia i ka makahiki 19. ʻO ka Tsar Nicholas I nui, me ka virtuosity o nā mea hoʻokani maikaʻi, ua akamai i ka pāʻani ma nā mea kani makani like ʻole, a ma waena o ia mau mea he kornet-a-piston keleawe.

Mea paahana

Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā a me ke ʻano o ka mea kani, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻano like loa ia i waho me ka paipu, akā ʻoi aku ka laulā a ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, ma muli o ke kani palupalu.

Ma luna o ka cornet, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi mīkini valve a me nā pistons. Ua maʻalahi nā mea kani i hoʻohana ʻia ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hilinaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana.

Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana piston ma ke ʻano o nā kī-nā pihi aia ma luna, i ka laina me ka waha. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka ʻole o ka waha he 295-320 mm. Ma kekahi mau laʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi lei aliʻi kūikawā no ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka mea kani i kahi semitone haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi mai ka hoʻokani ʻana iā B a hiki i ke kani ʻana A, e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻokani ke pāʻani wikiwiki a maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana i nā kī ʻoi.

kani

He nui loa ka laula o ke kani maoli ana o ke koronete - aneane ekolu octave: mai ka note mi o ka octave uuku a hiki i ka note a hiki i ke kolu octave. Hāʻawi kēia kiko i ka mea hoʻokani i ke kūʻokoʻa i nā mea o ka improvisation.

Ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i nā timbres o kahi mea kani, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia aia wale nō ka ʻoluʻolu a me ke kani velvety i ka papa inoa o ka octave mua. ʻO nā memo ma lalo o ka octave mua ke kani ʻoi aku ka ʻino a me ka ʻino. ʻO ka octave ʻelua me he walaʻau loa a kani ʻoi loa.

Nui nā haku mele i hoʻohana i kēia mau mea hiki ke kala leo i kā lākou mau hana, e hōʻike ana i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o ka laina melodic ma o ka timbre o ka cornet-a-piston. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻo Berlioz i ka symphony "Harold i Italia" i nā timbres ominous o ka mea kani.

E ho ohana

Ma muli o ko lākou maʻalahi, ka neʻe ʻana, ka nani o ke kani, nā laina solo i nā mele mele nui i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā cornets. Ma nā mele Lūkini, ua hoʻohanaʻia ka mea kani i ka hula Neapolitan ma ka hula kaulana "Swan Lake" na Pyotr Tchaikovsky a me ka hula o ka mea hula ma ka pāʻani "Petrushka" na Igor Stravinsky.

Ua lanakila ka cornet-a-piston i nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka jazz. ʻO Louis Armstrong lāua ʻo King Oliver kekahi o nā virtuosos jazz cornet kaulana i ka honua.

I ke kenekulia 20, i ka wā i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ai ka pū, ua nalowale nā ​​​​kornets i ko lākou ʻano kūʻokoʻa a aneane haʻalele loa i ka haku mele a me nā hui jazz.

I nā ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia wā, hiki ke lohe ʻia nā cornets i kekahi manawa ma nā ʻaha mele, i kekahi manawa ma nā pūʻulu keleawe. A hoʻohana ʻia ka cornet-a-piston i mea kōkua aʻo no nā haumāna.