Erich Leinsdorf |
Erich Leinsdorf
No Auseturia mai o Leinsdorf. Ma Vienna, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke mele - mua ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kona makuahine, a laila ma ka Academy of Music (1931-1933); Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Salzburg, kahi i kōkua ai ʻo Bruno Walter lāua ʻo Arturo Toscanini no ʻehā makahiki. A ʻoiai kēia mau mea a pau, ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo Leinsdorf ma ʻEulopa wale nō i ka waena o ke kanaono, i kona alakaʻi ʻana i ka Boston Symphony Orchestra a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea hoʻohewa a me nā mea hoʻopuka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa "mea hoʻokani mele o 1963."
Ma waena o nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻike honua e waiho nei kahi manawa lōʻihi o ka hana a Leinsdorf, kahi neʻe ʻike ʻole akā paʻa i mua. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i ʻAmelika ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Lotta Lehman, nāna i hana pū me ia ma Salzburg, a noho ma kēia ʻāina. Ua hoʻohiki ʻia kāna mau hana mua - ua hana ʻo Leinsdorf i kāna hoʻomaka mua ma New York i Ianuali 1938, e alakaʻi ana i ka Valkyrie. Ma hope o kēlā, kākau ʻo Noel Strauss, ka mea hoʻohewa o New York Times: "ʻOiai ʻo kāna mau makahiki he 26, ua alakaʻi ke alakaʻi hou i ka orkestra me ka lima hilinaʻi a, ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha i kāna hana, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi mele paʻa, a ua hoʻohiki nui kāna talena.
Ma kahi o ʻelua makahiki ma hope mai, ma hope o ka make ʻana o Bodanzky, ua lilo ʻo Leinsdorf i alakaʻi nui o ka repertoire Kelemania o ka Metropolitan Opera a noho ma laila a hiki i ka makahiki 1943. divergent, kona makemake e pili pono i ka kikokikona a ka mea kākau me nā kuʻuna o Bodanzka, ka mea i ʻae i nā deviations koʻikoʻi mai nā kuʻuna o ka hana, e wikiwiki ana i ka wikiwiki a me nā ʻoki. Akā, ua lanakila ʻo Leinsdorf i ka hanohano a me ka mahalo o ka orchestra a me nā soloists. I kēlā manawa, ua wānana ka poʻe hoʻohewa ʻike, a ma luna o nā mea a pau ʻo D. Yuen, i ka wā e hiki mai ana iā ia, e ʻike ana i ke kālena a me ke ʻano o ka mea pena e like me kāna kumu nui; Ua kapa ʻia kekahi iā ia "ʻo Toscanini ʻōpio".
I ka makahiki 1943, ua kono 'ia ke alaka'i e alaka'i i ka Cleveland Orchestra, akā, 'a'ole i loa'a ka manawa e ho'oma'ama'a ai ma laila, no ka mea, ua koho 'ia 'o ia i ka pū'ali koa, kahi āna i lawelawe ai no ho'okahi makahiki a me ka hapa. Ma hope o kēlā, noho ʻo ia no ʻewalu mau makahiki ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi nui ma Rochester, e mākaʻikaʻi ana i nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. A laila no kekahi manawa ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka New York City Opera, alakaʻi i nā hana ma ka Metropolitan Opera. No kona kaulana paʻa, he kakaikahi wale nō ka mea i wānana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka meteoric. Akā, ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Charles Munsch e haʻalele ana ʻo ia i ka Boston Orchestra, ua hoʻoholo ka luna hoʻokele e kono iā Leinsdorf, ka mea i hoʻokani pū ʻia me ia i hoʻokahi manawa. A ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kuhi hewa - ʻo nā makahiki ma hope o ka hana a Leinsdorf ma Bosetona i waiwai ai ka mea alakaʻi a me ka hui. Ma lalo o Leinsdorf, ua hoʻonui ka orchestra i kāna repertoire, i kaupalena ʻia ma lalo o Münsche i nā mele Palani a me kekahi mau mele kahiko. Ua ulu ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻohālike o ka orchestra. ʻO nā huakaʻi nui ʻEulopa a Leinsdorf i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me nā hana hoʻokani ma Prague Spring i ka makahiki 1966, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia ka mea alakaʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna talena.
ʻO ke kiʻi hoʻolālā o Leinsdorf i hui pū me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kula aloha Viennese, āna i aʻo ai mai Bruno Walter, ka laulā ākea a me ka hiki ke hana pū me ka orchestra ma ka ʻaha mele a me ka hale keaka, a Toscanini i hāʻawi iā ia, a ʻo ka hopena, ka ʻike. i loaʻa i nā makahiki o ka hana ma USA. ʻO ka laulā o ka repertory inclinations o ka mea pena, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mai kāna mau hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ma waena o lākou he nui nā opera a me nā mele symphonic. Ma waena o nā mea mua e pono ke kapa ʻia ʻo "Don Giovanni" a me "The Marriage of Figaro" na Mozart, "Cio-Cio-san", "Tosca", "Turandot", "La Boheme" na Puccini, "Lucia di Lammermoor" na ʻO Donizetti, "The Barber of Seville" na Rossini , "Macbeth" na Verdi, "Valkyrie" na Wagner, "Ariadne auf Naxos" na Strauss ... He papa inoa kupanaha maoli! ʻAʻole i emi iki nā mele Symphonic: ma waena o nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Leinsdorf, ʻike mākou i ka Mahler's First and Fifth Symphonies, Beethoven's and Brahms' Thirds, Prokofiev's Fifth, Mozart's Jupiter, Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream, A Hero's Life Richardpt Strauss, excer ʻO ka Wozzeck o Berg. A ma waena o nā concerto instrumental i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Leinsdorf me ka hui pū ʻana me nā haku nui ʻo ka Second Piano Concerto na Brahms me Richter.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
