Giovanni Paisiello |

Giovanni Paisiello

No G. Paisiello ka poe haku mele Italia i hoike maopopo loa ia ko lakou talena ma ke ano opera-buffa. Me ka hana a Paisiello a me kona mau hoa - B. Galuppi, N. Piccinni, D. Cimarosa - ua pili ka manawa o ka pua nani o kēia ʻano i ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kenekulia 1754. ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao mua a me nā mākau mele mua i loaʻa iā Paisiello ma ke kulanui o ka Jesuits. ʻO ka hapa nui o kona ola ʻana ma Naples, kahi āna i aʻo ai ma ka Conservatory ʻo San Onofrio me F. Durante, kahi haku mele mele kaulana, kumu aʻoaʻo o G. Pergolesi a me Piccinni (63-XNUMX).

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke poʻo kumu kōkua kumu, ua aʻo ʻo Paisiello ma ka conservatory, a ua hāʻawi i kona manawa kūʻokoʻa i ka haku mele. Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 1760. ʻO Paisiello ka haku mele kaulana loa ma Italia; ʻO kāna mau keaka (ka nui o ka buffa) ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻia ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Milan, Roma, Venice, Bologna, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hālāwai ana i nā ʻono o kahi ākea ākea, me ka lehulehu.

No laila, ua ʻōlelo nui ka mea kākau mele Pelekane kaulana ʻo C. Burney (ka mea kākau o ka "Musical Journeys") kaulana i ka buffa opera "Intrigues of Love" i lohe ʻia ma Naples: "… Ua makemake nui au i ka mele; ua piha i ke ahi a me ka noʻonoʻo, ua piha nā ritornellos me nā pauku hou, a me nā ʻāpana leo me nā mele nani a maʻalahi i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia a lawe ʻia me ʻoe ma hope o ka hoʻolohe mua ʻana a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻokani ʻia i loko o ka pōʻai home e kahi orkestra liʻiliʻi a ʻoiai, i ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi mea kani, e ka harpsichord ".

I ka makahiki 1776, ua hele ʻo Paisiello i St. Petersburg, kahi āna i hana ai ma ke ʻano he haku mele no ka ʻaha no nā makahiki he 10. (Ua hoʻokumu lōʻihi ʻia ka hana o ke kono ʻana i nā haku haku mele ʻItalia ma ke aloaliʻi emepera; ʻO nā mea mua o Paisiello ma St. Petersburg ʻo ia ka maestro kaulana ʻo B. Galuppi lāua ʻo T. Traetta.) Ma waena o nā keaka he nui o ka wā "Petersburg" ʻo The Servant-Mistress. (1781), kahi wehewehe hou o ka ʻāpana, he hapalua haneli i hoʻohana ʻia i ka opera Pergolesi kaulana - ke kupuna o ke ʻano buffa; a me The Barber of Seville e pili ana i ka comedy a P. Beaumarchais (1782), i lanakila nui me ka lehulehu o ʻEulopa no nā makahiki he nui. (I ka wā i huli hou ai ka ʻōpio ʻo G. Rossini i ka makahiki 1816 i kēia kumuhana, ua manaʻo ka poʻe he nui loa ia.)

Ua hoʻokani ʻia nā opera a Paisiello ma ke aloaliʻi a ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni no ka lehulehu demokalaka - ka Bolshoi (Pohaku) ma Kolomna, ka Maly (Volny) ma ka Tsaritsyn Meadow (ke kahua o Mars i kēia manawa). ʻO nā hana a ka mea haku mele i hoʻokomo pū i ka hana ʻana i nā mele mea kani no nā ʻahaʻaina a me nā ʻaha mele: ma ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Paisiello he 24 divertissement no nā mea kani makani (he mau inoa papahana kekahi - "Diana", "Noon", "Sunset", etc.), nā ʻāpana clavier, nā hui keʻena. Ma nā ʻaha mele haipule o St. Petersburg, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka oratorio a Paisiello The Passion of Christ (1783).

I ka hoʻi ʻana i Italia (1784), ua loaʻa iā Paisiello kahi kūlana ma ke ʻano he haku mele a me ka haku mele ma ke alo o ka Mōʻī o Naples. I ka makahiki 1799, i ka wā i hoʻokahuli ai nā pūʻali koa Napoliona, me ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe Italia kipi, i ke aupuni mōʻī o Bourbon ma Naples a hoʻolaha i ka Repubalika Parthenopean, ua lawe ʻo Paisiello i ka luna hoʻokele o nā mele aupuni. Akā ma hope o ʻeono mahina, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka haku mele mai kāna kūlana. (Ua hāʻule ka repubalika, ua hoʻi ke aliʻi i ka mana, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ke alakaʻi hui no ke kipi - ma mua o ka hahai ʻana i ke aliʻi i Sicily i ka wā o ka haunaele, hele ʻo ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kipi.)

I kēia manawa, hele mai kahi kono hoʻowalewale mai Paris - e alakaʻi i ka hale pule o Napoleona. I ka makahiki 1802 ua hōʻea ʻo Paisiello i Paris. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kona noho ʻana ma Farani. ʻAʻole i hoʻokipa ʻia e ka lehulehu Farani (ʻo ka opera seria Proserpina i kākau ʻia ma Paris a ʻaʻole kūleʻa ka interlude Camillette), ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona ʻāina hānau i ka makahiki 1803. hoa pili loa.

ʻOi aku ma mua o kanahā mau makahiki o ka ʻoihana a Paisiello i piha i nā hana koʻikoʻi a ʻano like ʻole - ua haʻalele ʻo ia ma mua o 100 mau opera, oratorio, cantatas, masses, nā hana he nui no ka orchestra (no ka laʻana, 12 symphonies - 1784) a me nā hui keʻena. ʻO ka haku nui loa o ka opera-buffa, ua hāpai ʻo Paisiello i kēia ʻano i kahi pae hou o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻonui i nā ʻenehana o ka comedic (pinepine me kahi mea o ka satire koi) ke ʻano mele o nā mea, hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka orchestra.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā opera hope loa e nā ʻano hui like ʻole - mai nā "duets of consent" maʻalahi a hiki i nā hopena nui, kahi e hōʻike ai ke mele i nā loli paʻakikī loa o ka hana kahua. ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa i ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā kumu moʻokalaleo e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana a Paisiello mai ka nui o kona mau hoa hana i hana ma ke ʻano buffa. No laila, ma ka "The Miller" kaulana (1788-89) - kekahi o nā mele mele maikaʻi loa o ke kenekulia XVIII. - Hoʻopili ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona pastoral, idylls me ka parody witty a me ka satire. (ʻO nā kumumanaʻo mai kēia keaka i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o nā ʻano piano piano a L. Beethoven.) Ua hoʻohenehene ʻia nā ʻano kuʻuna o ke mele mele koʻikoʻi ma The Imaginary Philosopher. He haku kaulana ʻole o nā ʻano parodic, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Paisiello iā Gluck's Orpheus (ka buffa operas The Deceived Tree and The Imaginary Socrates). Ua hoihoi ʻia ka haku mele e nā kumuhana hikina exotic i kaulana i kēlā manawa ("Polite Arab", "Chinese Idol"), a ʻo "Nina, or Mad with Love" ke ʻano o ka lyrical sentimental drama. Ua ʻae nui ʻia e WA Mozart nā loina hoʻomohala o Paisiello a he mana koʻikoʻi iā G. Rossini. I ka makahiki 1868, i kona mau makahiki e emi ana, ua kākau ka mea kākau kaulana ʻo The Barber of Seville: “Ma kahi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Parisian, ua hōʻike mua ʻia ʻo Paisiello's The Barber: he momi o nā mele mele ʻole a me ke keaka. He kūleʻa nui a kūpono hoʻi ia. "

I. Okhalova

Nā haku mele:

kahawai – Chatterbox (Il сiarlone 1764, Bologna), kiʻi Pākē (Lʻidolo cinese, 1766, post. 1767, tr “Nuovo”, Naples), Don Quixote (Don Chisciotte della Mancia, 1769, tr “Fiorentini” , Napela), Artaxerxes (1771, Modena), Alexander in India (Alessandro nelle Indie, 1773, ibid.), Andromeda (1774, Milan), Demophon (1775, Venice), Imaginary Socrates (Socrate immaginario, 1775, Naples), Nitteti (1777, St. Petersburg), Achilles ma Skyros (Achille in Sciro, 1778, ibid.), Alcides ma ke alahaka (Alcide al bivio, 1780, ibid.), Maid-mistress (La serva padrona, 1781, Tsarskoye Selo), Seville barber , a i ʻole ka mālama pono ʻole (Il barbiere di Siviglia ovvero La precauzione inutile, 1782, St. Petersburg), Lunar world (Il mondo della luna, 1783, Kamenny tr, St. Petersburg), King Theodore ma Venice (Il re Teodoro ma Venezia, 1784 , Vienna), Antigonus (Antigono, 1785, Naples), Trophonia's Cave (La grotta di Trofonio, 1785, ibid.), Phaedra (1788, ibid.), Miller's Woman (La molinara, 1789, ibid., original ed. — Alohame nā pilikia yami, a i ʻole ʻo ka Wahine ʻo Little Miller, Lʻarnor contrastato o sia La molinara, 1788), Gypsies at the Fair (I zingari in fiera, 1789, ibid.), Nina, or Mad with Love (Nina o sia La pazza per amore, 1789, Caserta), Ua haʻalele ʻia ʻo Dido (Di-done abbandonata, 1794, Naples), Andromache (1797, ibid.), Proserpina (1803, Paris), Pythagoreans (I pittagorici, 1808, Naples) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe; oratorio, cantatas, masses, Te Deum; no ka hookani pila – 12 symphonies (12 sinfonie concertante, 1784) a me na mea e ae; lumi hoʻokani pila, в т.ч. посв. великой кн. Марии Фёдоровне Nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻano Rondeau a me nā capriccios me ka pila Violin no ka p. fte, i haku pono ia no SAI Ka Duchess Nui o na Rusia a pau, и др.