ʻO nā ʻano hana mele maʻamau

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo e like me ke ʻano a me ka ʻike. Ua lawa kēia mau huaʻōlelo e hōʻike i nā ʻano like o nā ʻano mea like ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke mele. Ma kēia ʻatikala e ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻike o nā ʻano hana mele kaulana loa.

Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā ʻano hana mele, e wehewehe kākou i ke ʻano o ke mele? ʻO ke ʻano kekahi mea e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi hana, i nā loina o kona ʻano, i ke ʻano o nā mea mele i loko.

Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe mele i ke ʻano ma nā ʻano ʻelua. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hōʻike ke ʻano i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāpana a pau o kahi haku mele ma ke ʻano. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole he kiʻi wale nō ke ʻano, akā ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hana o kēlā mau ʻano hōʻike i hana ʻia ai ke kiʻi noʻeau o kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia. He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻano hōʻike? Melody, harmoni, rhythm, timbre, register a pēlā aku. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o ia ʻike pālua i ke ʻano o ke ʻano mele, ʻo ia ka pono o ka ʻepekema Lūkini, ka mea hoʻonaʻauao a me ka haku mele ʻo Boris Asafiev.

Nā ʻano hana mele

ʻO nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā hana mele. I kēia manawa, e ho'āʻo kākou e inoa i nā ʻano nui o nā hana mele a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā ʻano pōkole.

manawa - ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano maʻalahi e hōʻike ana i kahi manaʻo mele piha. Loaʻa pinepine ia ma nā mea kani a me nā mele leo.

ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau no kahi manawa ʻelua mau huaʻōlelo mele e noho ana i 8 a i ʻole 16 mau pahu (nā manawa huinaha), ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana he mau manawa lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka pōkole. He mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole ka manawa, kahi i kapa ʻia nā mea e noho i kahi kūikawā.

Nā ʻano maʻalahi ʻelua a ʻekolu ʻāpana - ʻo ia nā ʻano i kākau ʻia ai ka hapa mua, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ke ʻano o kahi manawa, a ʻo ke koena ʻaʻole e hoʻonui iā ia (ʻo ia hoʻi, no lākou ka mea maʻamau he manawa a i ʻole he ʻōlelo).

ʻO ka waena (waena) o kahi ʻano ʻekolu ʻāpana hiki ke hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o waho (e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻi ʻokoʻa he ʻano hana koʻikoʻi loa ia), a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala, hoʻomohala i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka hapa mua. Ma ka hapakolu o kahi ʻāpana ʻekolu, hiki ke hana hou i ka mea mele o ka hapa mua - ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano reprise (reprise is repetition).

Paukū a me nā ʻano mele - ʻo ia nā ʻano i pili pono i nā mele leo a ua pili pinepine ko lākou ʻano me nā ʻano o nā kikokikona poetic i lalo o ke mele.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano o ka pauku ma ka hana hou ʻana o ka mele like (e laʻa, ka wā), akā me nā mele hou i kēlā me kēia manawa. Aia i loko o ke ʻano alakaʻi-chorus ʻelua mau mea: ʻo ka mua ke alakaʻi (hiki ke hoʻololi ke mele a me ke kikokikona), ʻo ka lua ke mele (ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mālama ʻia ke mele a me ke kikokikona i loko).

ʻElua ʻāpana paʻakikī a paʻakikī ʻekolu ʻāpana - ʻo ia nā ʻano i haku ʻia i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau ʻano maʻalahi (no ka laʻana, he 3 ʻāpana + manawa + maʻalahi 3 ʻāpana). ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻano ʻelua ʻāpana paʻakikī i nā mele leo (no ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia kekahi mau ʻano opera i loko o ia ʻano), ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano ʻekolu ʻāpana paʻakikī, ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau no nā mele mea kani (he ʻano punahele kēia no ka minuet a me nā hula ʻē aʻe).

ʻO kahi ʻano ʻekolu ʻāpana paʻakikī, e like me ka mea maʻalahi, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi reprise, a ma ka ʻaoʻao waena - nā mea hou (ʻo ia ka mea e hana pinepine ai), a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena o kēia ʻano he ʻelua ʻano: (inā hōʻike ia. kekahi ʻano ʻano maʻalahi maʻalahi) a i ʻole (inā ma ka ʻaoʻao waena he mau hana manuahi ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe i ka periodic a i ʻole kekahi o nā ʻano maʻalahi).

ʻano hoʻololi - he ʻano kēia i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ka hana hou ʻana o ke kumuhana kumu me kona hoʻololi ʻana, a pono e loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua o kēia mau hana hou ʻana i mea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ke ʻano hopena o kahi hana mele. Loaʻa ka ʻano hoʻololi i nā hana hoʻokani pila a nā haku mele kahiko, a ʻaʻole i emi iki ma nā haku mele o kēia wā.

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kekahi ʻano hoʻololi e like me ke ʻano o ka ostinato (ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia, paʻa) i ke mele a i ʻole bass (ka mea i kapa ʻia). Aia nā ʻano like ʻole, me kēlā me kēia hoʻokō hou, ua kala ʻia ke kumumanaʻo me nā mea hoʻonaninani like ʻole a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, e hōʻike ana i kona mau ʻaoʻao huna.

Aia kekahi ʻano hoʻololi ʻē aʻe - kahi e hana ai kēlā me kēia hoʻokō hou o ke kumuhana i kahi ʻano hou. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻololi nui kēia mau hoʻololi i nā ʻano hou i ke kumumanaʻo - e noʻonoʻo wale, hiki ke kani ke kumumanaʻo i ka hana like me ka huakaʻi hoʻolewa, kahi mele nocturne, a me kahi mele hoihoi. Ma ke ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i kekahi mea e pili ana i nā ʻano ma ka ʻatikala "Main Music Genres."

Ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona mele o nā ʻano like ʻole, kono mākou iā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi hana kaulana loa a ka Beethoven nui.

L. van Beethoven, 32 mau hoʻololi i ka C minor

ʻO Rondo – kekahi ano laha nui o na hana mele. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe ʻo ka huaʻōlelo i unuhi ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini mai ka Palani ʻo . ʻAʻole kēia he coincidence. I kekahi manawa, he hulahula poepoe ka rondo, kahi i le'ale'a ai ka le'ale'a me na hulahula o ka poe solo ho'okahi - ia manawa komo lakou i waenakonu o ka poai a hoike i ko lakou akamai.

No laila, ma ke ʻano o ke mele, aia kahi rondo i nā ʻāpana i hana pinepine ʻia (nā mea maʻamau - ua kapa ʻia lākou) a me nā ʻāpana pākahi e kani ana ma waena o nā refrains. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano rondo, pono e hana hou ʻia ka pale ʻana i ʻekolu manawa.

ʻAno Sonata, no laila ua loaʻa mākou iā ʻoe! ʻO ke ʻano sonata, a i ʻole, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa, ʻo ka sonata allegro form, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano hana mele maikaʻi loa a paʻakikī.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano sonata ma nā kumuhana ʻelua - ua kapa ʻia kekahi o lākou (ka mea kani mua), ʻo ka lua -. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia mau inoa aia kekahi o nā kumumanaʻo i ke kī nui, a ʻo ka lua ma ke kī kiʻekiʻe (dominant, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole like). Hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia mau kumuhana i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a laila i ka reprise, maʻamau ke kani ʻia ʻelua i ke kī hoʻokahi.

ʻO ka palapala sonata he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui:

• hōʻike (hōʻike i ka mua, ka lua a me nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe i ka lehulehu);
• ka hoʻomohala ʻana (ke kahua kahi e ulu ai ka ulu ikaika);
• reprise (eia nā kumumanaʻo i hōʻike ʻia i ka hōʻikeʻike, a i ka manawa like e kū ai ko lākou convergence).

Ua makemake nui ka poʻe haku mele i ke ʻano sonata no laila ua hana lākou i kahi ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka kumu hoʻohālike nui i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke kapa inoa i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano sonata e like me (ka hui ʻana i ke ʻano sonata me ka rondo), (e hoʻomanaʻo i kā lākou i ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i kahi ʻāpana i loko o kahi ʻano paʻakikī ʻekolu? Ma aneʻi hiki ke lilo kekahi ʻano i ʻāpana - pinepine kēia mau ʻano like ʻole). (me ka hoʻolaha pālua - no ka mea hoʻokani pila a ma ka orchestra, me kahi virtuoso cadenza o ka soloist ma ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka reprise), (sonata liʻiliʻi), (ke kāwele nui).

Fugue – ʻo ia ke ʻano i lilo i mōʻīwahine o nā ʻano a pau. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, ua manaʻo ʻia ka fugue ʻo ke ʻano mele maikaʻi loa, a he manaʻo kūikawā nō ka poʻe mele i nā fugues.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi fugue ma luna o ke kumuhana hoʻokahi, a laila hana hou ʻia i nā manawa he nui i kahi ʻano hoʻololi ʻole i nā leo like ʻole (me nā mea kani like ʻole). Hoʻomaka ka fugue, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ka leo hoʻokahi a me ke kumuhana. ʻO kekahi leo e pane koke i kēia kumuhana, a ʻo ke kani ʻana i kēia pane mai ka mea kani mua i kapa ʻia he counter-addition.

ʻOiai ke kaʻapuni ʻana o ke kumuhana ma nā leo like ʻole, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻāpana expositional o ka fugue, akā i ka wā i hala ke kumuhana i kēlā me kēia leo, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō pono ʻia ke kumuhana, hoʻopili ʻia, a i ʻole, hoʻonui ʻia. ʻAe, nui nā mea e ulu ana… I ka pau ʻana o ka fugue, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke tonality nui - ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻāpana ʻo ka reprise of the fugue.

Hiki iā mākou ke kū ma laila i kēia manawa. Ua kapa mākou i nā ʻano nui o nā hana mele. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he mau mea maʻalahi paha nā ʻano paʻakikī - e aʻo e ʻike iā lākou. A pinepine no hoi ʻo nā ʻano maʻalahi a me nā ʻano paʻakikī i hui pū ʻia i loko o nā pōʻai like ʻole - no ka laʻana, hana pū lākou.