Henriette Sontag |

Henrietta Sontag

ʻO Henrietta Sontag kekahi o nā mele mele kaulana loa o ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Loaʻa iā ia kahi leo kani, maʻalahi, ʻokoʻa ka leo paʻa o ka timbre nani, me kahi leo kani kani kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ʻano noʻeau o ka mea mele e pili kokoke ana i ka virtuoso coloratura a me nā ʻāpana lyrical i nā operas o Mozart, Weber, Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Henrietta Sontag (inoa maoli ʻo Gertrude Walpurgis-Sontag; ke kāne a Rossi) ma Ianuali 3, 1806 ma Koblenz, ma kahi ʻohana o nā mea keaka. Ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kahua i kona wā kamaliʻi. Ua aʻo ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio i nā mākau leo ​​ma Prague: i ka makahiki 1816-1821 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka conservatory kūloko. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana mua i ka makahiki 1820 ma ke kahua opera Prague. Ma hope o kēlā, hīmeni ʻo ia ma ke kapikala ʻo Austria. ʻO ka kaulana kaulana i lawe mai i kona komo ʻana i nā hana o ka opera a Weber "Evryanta". I ka makahiki 1823 K.-M. Ua lohe ʻo Weber i ke mele ʻana iā Sontag, ua aʻo ʻo ia iā ia e lilo i mea mua e hoʻokani i ka hana nui ma kāna opera hou. ʻAʻole i hoʻohilahila ka mea mele ʻōpio a hīmeni me ka lanakila nui.

I ka makahiki 1824, ua hāʻawi aku ʻo L. Beethoven iā Sontag, me ka mea mele Hungarian ʻo Caroline Ungar, e hana i nā ʻāpana solo i ka Mass ma D Major a me ka Ninth Symphony.

I ka manawa i hana ʻia ai ka Solemn Mass a me ka Symphony me ka papa himeni, ʻo Henrietta he iwakālua makahiki, ʻo Caroline he iwakāluakūmākahi. Ua ʻike ʻo Beethoven i nā mele ʻelua no kekahi mau mahina; Ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia iā lākou. "No ka mea ua hoʻāʻo lākou e honi i koʻu mau lima," i kākau ai ʻo ia i kona kaikaina iā Johann, "a no ka nani loa o lākou, ua makemake au e hāʻawi i koʻu mau lehelehe iā lākou no ka honi."

Eia ka mea a E. Herriot i ʻōlelo ai: "He mea hoihoi ʻo Caroline i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i kahi ʻāpana nona iho i ka "Melusine", a Beethoven i hoʻolālā ai e kākau ma ka kikokikona o Grillparzer. 'Ōleloʻo Schindler "ʻo ka diabolo kēia, piha i ke ahi a me ka noʻonoʻo". Ke noʻonoʻo nei iā Sontag no Fidelio. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Beethoven iā lāua i kāna mau hana nui ʻelua. Akā, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻaʻole me ka pilikia. "He ʻino ʻoe i ka leo," wahi a Caroline iā ia. "ʻO kēia mau memo kiʻekiʻe," i nīnau ai ʻo Henrietta iā ia, "hiki iā ʻoe ke pani iā ​​​​lākou?" Hōʻole ka mea haku mele e hoʻololi i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi, e hana i ka ʻae iki i ke ʻano Italia, e pani i kahi leka hoʻokahi. Eia naʻe, ʻae ʻia ʻo Henrietta e hīmeni i kāna ʻāpana leo mezzo. Ua mālama ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka hoʻomanaʻo hoihoi loa o kēia hui ʻana, he mau makahiki ma hope mai ua ʻae lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa i komo lākou i ka lumi o Beethoven me ka manaʻo like me ka poʻe manaʻoʻiʻo e hele i ka paepae o ka luakini.

I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, e lanakila ʻo Sontag ma Leipzig i nā hana o The Free Gunner a me Evryants. I ka makahiki 1826, ma Palika, hīmeni ka mea hīmeni i nā ʻāpana o Rosina ma Rossini's The Barber of Seville, e hoʻolohilohi ana i ka poʻe koho koho me kāna mau ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano haʻawina hīmeni.

Ke ulu nei ka kaulana o ka mea mele mai ka hana a hiki i ka hana. Hoʻokahi ma hope o kekahi, komo nā kūlanakauhale ʻEulopa hou i kāna orbit huakaʻi. I nā makahiki aʻe, hana ʻo Sontag ma Brussels, The Hague, Lākana.

ʻO ke Kamāliʻiwahine Pückler-Muskau maikaʻi, ua hui me ka mea hana keaka ma Ladana i ka makahiki 1828, ua pio koke ʻo ia iā ia. "Inā he aliʻi wau," wahi āna, "e ʻae wau iaʻu iho e lawe ʻia e ia. Ua like ʻo ia me kahi hoʻopunipuni liʻiliʻi maoli. Mahalo maoli ʻo Pückler iā Henrietta. “Hula ʻo ia me he ʻānela lā; He mea hou a nani ʻo ia, i ka manawa like me ke akahai, moeʻuhane a me ka leo maikaʻi loa.

Ua hui ʻo Pückler iā ia ma von Bulow, lohe iā ia ma Don Giovanni, aloha iā ia ma hope o ke kahua, hui hou me ia ma kahi ʻahamele ma ke Duke o Devonshire, kahi i hoʻohenehene ai ka mea mele i ke aliʻi me nā hana ʻino ʻole. Ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Sontag i ka hui Pelekane. ʻO Esterhazy, ʻo Clenwilliam ka huhū me ke aloha nona. Lawe ʻo Püclair iā Henriette no kahi kaʻa, kipa i nā puni o Greenwich i kāna hui, a, me ka hoihoi loa, makemake nui e mare iā ia. I kēia manawa ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia no Sontag ma kahi leo ʻokoʻa: “He mea kupanaha maoli ka mālama ʻana o kēia kaikamahine ʻōpio i kona maʻemaʻe a me ka hala ʻole i loko o ia ʻano; ʻo ka hulu e uhi ana i ka ʻili o ka hua ua paʻa i kona ʻano hou.

I ka makahiki 1828, ua mare malū ʻo Sontag i ka diplomat Italia ʻo Count Rossi, ʻo ia ka ʻelele Sardinia i Hague. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ke aliʻi Prussian i ka mea mele i ka hanohano.

Ua kaumaha loa ʻo Pückler i kona pio ʻana e like me kona ʻano. Ma Muskau Park, ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi pahu o ka mea pena. I kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1854 i kāna huakaʻi i Mexico, ua kūkulu ke aliʻi i ka luakini maoli i kona hoʻomanaʻo ʻana ma Branitsa.

Malia paha ʻo ka hopena o ke ala noʻeau o Sontag, ʻo ia kona noho ʻana ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow i ka makahiki 1831. Ua mahalo nui ka poʻe Lūkini i ke akamai o ka mea mele Kelemania. ʻO Zhukovsky lāua ʻo Vyazemsky i kamaʻilio me ka ʻoliʻoli e pili ana iā ia, nui nā haku mele i hoʻolaʻa iā ia. Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻo Stasov iā ia "ʻo Raphaelian nani a me ka lokomaikaʻi o ka ʻōlelo."

Ua loaʻa iā Sontag kahi leo o ka plasticity kakaʻikahi a me ka virtuosity coloratura. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i kona mau hoa ma nā keaka a me nā hana ʻahamele. ʻAʻole ia he mea ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo ia e ka poʻe hoa mele ʻo "German nightingale."

ʻO ia paha ke kumu i hoʻokipa nui ai ʻo Alyabyev i kāna huakaʻi huakaʻi ma Moscow. Kūkākūkā ʻo ia e pili ana i kēia ma kāna puke hoihoi "Pages of AA Alyabyeva" musicologist B. Steinpress. "Ua makemake nui ʻo ia i ka mele Lūkini a Alyabyev "The Nightingale," i kākau ai ka luna alakaʻi o Moscow ʻo A.Ya. i kona kaikunane. Ua haʻi ʻo Bulgakov i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea mele: “Ua hīmeni mai kāu kaikamahine aloha iaʻu i kekahi lā, a makemake nui wau ia; Pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i nā pauku e like me nā ʻano like ʻole, aloha nui ʻia kēia aria a makemake wau e hīmeni iā ​​​​ia". Ua ʻae loa nā kānaka a pau i kona manaʻo, a ... ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hīmeni ʻo ia ... "Nightingale". Ua haku koke ʻo ia i kahi hoʻololi nani, a ʻaʻa wau e hele pū me ia; ʻaʻole ʻo ia e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole wau ʻike i kahi leka hoʻokahi. Ua hoʻomaka nā mea a pau e hoʻopuehu, ua noho wau me ia a kokoke i ka hola ʻehā, ua haʻi hou ʻo ia i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā mele o ka Nightingale, ua komo hohonu i loko o kēia mele, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hauʻoli i nā mea a pau.

A pēlā i hana ai ma Iulai 28, 1831, i ka manawa i hoʻokani ai ka mea pena i ke aloha o Alyabyev ma kahi pōleʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no kona hanohano e ke Kiaʻāina Nui o Moscow. ʻO ka ʻoliʻoli ka hauʻoli, akā i nā pōʻai kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mea mele ʻoihana ke kōkua i ka hoʻowahāwahā. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo mai ka leka a Pushkin. I ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i kāna wahine no ka hele ʻana i kekahi o nā pōpō, ua kākau ka haku mele: "ʻAʻole wau makemake e hele kaʻu wahine i kahi e ʻae ai ka mea nona ka nānā ʻole a me ka mahalo ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻoe ʻo m-lle Sontag, ka mea i kāhea ʻia no ke ahiahi, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e nānā iā ia.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 30, haʻalele ʻo Sontag i ke kahua opera, akā hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻaha mele. I ka makahiki 1838, ua lawe hou ka hopena iā ia i St. Petersburg. No ʻeono makahiki ʻo kāna kāne, ʻo Count of Rossi, ka ʻelele o Sardinia ma ʻaneʻi.

I ka makahiki 1848, ua koi ʻia ʻo Sontag i nā pilikia kālā e hoʻi i ka hale opera. ʻOiai he wā hoʻomaha lōʻihi, ua hahai kāna mau lanakila hou ma Lākana, Brussels, Paris, Berlin, a laila ma waho. ʻO ka manawa hope loa i hoʻolohe ʻia ai ʻo ia ma ke kapikala ʻo Mekiko. Ma laila ʻo ia i make koke ai i ka lā 17 o Iune, 1854.