Jochen Kowalski |
Jochen Kowalski
ʻO ke akamai o ka countertenor, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kenekulia i hala ma nā mele halepule wale nō, aia i kēia manawa i kona wā nui. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hana ʻo Benjamin Britten i ka hana mua ma ka mōʻaukala mele hou no kēia leo - ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o Oberon i ka opera A Midsummer Night's Dream. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa no nā countertenors ma hope iki, me ka laha ʻana o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana ʻana i nā mele kahiko (ma mua o ka baroque). Ua hana ʻia e castrati. Akā i ke kenekulia 20, ua lilo ka barbarism e like me ka castration, a ua koi ʻia nā countertenors i ko lākou mana hou. ʻO lākou ka mea i hoʻomaka e hīmeni i ke mele o Monteverdi a me Handel, Cavalli a me Gluck ma nā wahi āpau. A, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūlike nā ʻano o ka leo o ka castrato a me ka countertenor, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka poʻe pili i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana o nā countertenors ka hoʻololi ʻana o mezzo-soprano a me contralto i nā hana o ka travesty.
Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o Fyodor ma Boris Godunov i hoʻomaka ai ka German Johan Kowalski (b. 1983) i kāna hoʻomaka ma 1954 ma ke kahua o ka Komische Oper. Ua loaʻa i kēia mea mele ke kaulana honua ma hope o ka hana kaulana o Gluck's "Orpheus" i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻokahi, i hana ʻia e Harry Kupfer i Dekemaba 1987 a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka 200th anniversary o ka make ʻana o ka mea haku mele nui. I ka makahiki 1989, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia hana i ke kahua ʻo Covent Garden.
ʻO Kowalski kekahi mea hoʻokani kaulana ʻole o ka ʻāpana o Prince Orlovsky ma The Bat. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻomaka ma ka Metropolitan (1995), ua hīmeni pinepine ʻo ia ma Vienna Opera (1991-1994) a me nā hale keaka ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1993, ma ka Salzburg Festival, ua komo ʻo Kowalski i kahi hana nani o Monteverdi's The Coronation of Poppea na Jurgen Flimm lāua ʻo Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Ottone). ʻO nā kuleana ʻē aʻe ʻo Julius Caesar ma ka opera a Handel o ka inoa like (1993, Schwetzingen; 1998, Berlin, etc.). ʻO ka repertoire o ka countertenor pū kekahi me nā opera a Handel ʻo Giustino lāua ʻo Alcina, Mozart's Mithridates, King of Pontus.
