Charles Auguste de Bériot |
Charles Auguste de Beriot
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ke Kula ʻo Berio Violin paha ka puke haʻawina maʻamau no ka poʻe violinists hoʻomaka, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi mau kumu a hiki i kēia lā. A hiki i kēia manawa, pāʻani nā haumāna o nā kula mele i nā moemoeā, nā ʻano like ʻole, nā concerto Berio. Melodious a me ka mele a me ka "violin" i kākau ʻia, ʻo lākou nā mea aʻoaʻo mahalo loa. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻo Berio, akā he kumu nui ʻo ia, ma mua o kona manawa i kona manaʻo i ke aʻo mele. ʻAʻole me ke kumu ʻole i waena o kāna mau haumāna he mau violinists e like me Henri Vietan, Joseph Walter, Johann Christian Lauterbach, Jesus Monasterio. Ua hoʻomana aku ʻo Vietang i kāna kumu i kona ola a pau.
Akā ʻaʻole i kūkākūkā wale ʻia nā hopena o kāna hana aʻoaʻo pilikino. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Berio ke poʻo o ke kula violin Belgian o ke kenekulia XNUMX, nāna i hāʻawi i ka honua i nā mea hoʻokani kaulana e like me Artaud, Guis, Vietanne, Leonard, Emile Servais, Eugene Ysaye.
No ka ʻohana aliʻi kahiko mai ʻo Berio. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Leuven ma Pepeluali 20, 1802 a ua nalowale nā mākua ʻelua i ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ua komo ke kumu mele ʻo Tibi i ke aʻo mua ʻana o Charles liʻiliʻi. Ua aʻo ikaika ʻo Berio a i ka makahiki 9 ua hana ʻo ia i kāna ʻike ākea mua, e pāʻani ana i kekahi o nā concerto a Viotti.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻuhane o Berio ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e nā kumumanaʻo o ke kaukaʻi o ka ʻōlelo Farani a me ka palapala, ʻo Jacotot kanaka naʻauao, nāna i hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano aʻoaʻo "universal" e pili ana i nā kumu o ka hoʻonaʻauao pilikino a me ka hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī ʻuhane. Ma muli o kāna ʻano hana, ua aʻo kūʻokoʻa ʻo Berio a hiki i ka makahiki 19. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1821, hele ʻo ia i Paris i Viotti, ʻo ia ka mea i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Grand Opera. Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻo Viotti i ka ʻōpio violinist a, ma kāna ʻōlelo ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Berio e hele i nā papa ma ka papa o Bayo, ke kaukaʻi kaulana loa ma ka Conservatory o Paris i kēlā manawa. ʻAʻole i haʻalele ke kanaka ʻōpio i kahi haʻawina o Bayo, ua aʻo pono i nā ʻano o kāna aʻo ʻana, e hoʻāʻo iā lākou iho. Ma hope o Bayo, ua aʻo ʻo ia no kekahi manawa me ka Belgian Andre Robberecht, a ʻo ia ka hopena o kāna aʻo ʻana.
ʻO ka hana mua loa o Berio ma Paris i lawe mai iā ia i kaulana nui. ʻO kāna pāʻani mua, palupalu, mele i kaulana loa i ka lehulehu, e pili ana me nā manaʻo sentimentalist-romantic hou i hopu ikaika i ka poʻe Parisians ma hope o nā makahiki weliweli o ke kipi a me nā kaua Napoleonic. ʻO ka lanakila ma Paris i alakaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o Berio i kahi kono i ʻEnelani. He holomua nui ka huakaʻi. I kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, ua koho ke aliʻi o Netherlands i ka mea hoʻokani pila-violinist ʻo Berio me kahi uku nui o 2000 florin i hoʻokahi makahiki.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia kāna ʻoihana hoʻokolokolo ma ke kipi ʻana o ka makahiki 1830 a ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona kūlana mua ma ke ʻano he violinist ʻahamele. Ma mua iki, i ka makahiki 1829. Ua hele mai ʻo Berio i Paris e hōʻike i kāna haumāna ʻōpio - ʻo Henri Vietana. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma kekahi o nā salons Parisian, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me kāna wahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka mea mele mele kaulana ʻo Maria Malibran-Garcia.
Kaumaha ko lākou moʻolelo aloha. ʻO ke kaikamahine hiapo a ka tenor kaulana ʻo Garcia, ua hānau ʻia ʻo Maria ma Palika i ka makahiki 1808. Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo ia i ka haku mele a me ka piano mai Herold i kona wā kamaliʻi, ua mākaukau i nā ʻōlelo ʻehā, a ua aʻo ʻo ia e hīmeni mai kona makuakāne. I ka makahiki 1824, ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma Lākana, kahi āna i hoʻokani ai i kahi ʻaha mele a, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Rosina ma Rossini's Barber of Seville i nā lā 2, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka Pasta maʻi. I ka makahiki 1826, ma muli o ka makemake o kona makuakāne, ua mare ʻo ia i ka mea kālepa Farani ʻo Malibran. ʻO ka maleʻana i lilo i mea hauʻoli aʻo ka wahine'ōpio, haʻalele i kāna kāne, hele i Paris, kahi i ka makahiki 1828 i hiki aiʻo ia i ke kūlana o ka mea mele mua loa o ka Grand Opera. I loko o kekahi o nā salona Parisian, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me Berio. ʻO ka Belgian ʻōpio a me ka lokomaikaʻi i hana i kahi manaʻo hiki ʻole i ka Spaniard temperamental. Me kona ano expansiveness, hai aku oia i kona aloha ia ia. Akā ʻo kā lākou aloha i hoʻāla ai i ka ʻōlelo hoʻomāinoino pau ʻole, ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka honua "kiʻekiʻe". Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Paris, hele lākou i Italia.
Ua lilo ko lākou ola i nā huakaʻi ʻahamele mau. I ka makahiki 1833, ua loaʻa iā lāua he keikikāne ʻo Charles Wilfred Berio, ma hope mai he mea hoʻokani piano kaulana a haku mele. No nā makahiki he nui, ua ʻimi mau ʻo Malibran e hemo i kāna kāne. Eia naʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho mai ka male ʻana i ka makahiki 1836, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o 6 mau makahiki ʻeha iā ia ma ke kūlana o ka haku wahine. Ma hope koke iho o ka hemoʻana, ua hanaʻia kāna maleʻana iā Berio ma Paris, kahi wale nōʻo Lablache lāuaʻo Thalberg.
Ua hauʻoli ʻo Maria. Ua pūlima ʻo ia me ka hauʻoli me kona inoa hou. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i aloha ka hopena i ka kāne Berio ma aneʻi. ʻO Maria, ka mea makemake i ka holo lio, ua hāʻule ʻo ia mai kona lio i kekahi o nā huakaʻi a loaʻa iā ia kahi hahau ikaika ma ke poʻo. Ua hūnā ʻo ia i ka mea i hana ʻia mai kāna kāne, ʻaʻole i mālama i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ʻo ka maʻi, e ulu wikiwiki ana, alakaʻi iā ia i ka make. Ua make ʻo ia i ka piha ʻana o kona mau makahiki he 28! Ua hoʻoluliluli ʻia ʻo Berio i ka make ʻana o kāna wahine a hiki i ka makahiki 1840. Ua aneane ʻo ia e hoʻōki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻahamele a haʻalele iā ia iho. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻōla piha mai ka hahau ʻana.
I ka makahiki 1840 ua huakaʻi nui ʻo ia i Kelemānia a me ʻAuseturia. Ma Berlin, ua hui ʻo ia a pāʻani mele me ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana ʻo Rūsia ʻo AF Lvov. I kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e lawe i ka ʻoihana kumu ma ka Conservatory o Brussels. Ua ʻae koke ʻo Berio.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 50, ua hāʻule kahi pōʻino hou iā ia - kahi maʻi maka holomua. I ka makahiki 1852, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻomaha mai kāna hana. 10 makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua makapō loa ʻo Berio. I ʻOkakopa 1859, ua makapō ʻo ia, hele mai ʻo ia i St. Petersburg iā Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (1827-1891). ʻO Yusupov - he violinist a he mea aloha mele hoʻomālamalama, he haumāna o Vieuxtan - kono iā ia e lawe i kahi o ke alakaʻi nui o ka hale pule home. Ua noho ʻo Berio i ka lawelawe ʻana mai ʻOkakopa 1859 a hiki i Mei 1860.
Ma hope o Rusia, noho nui ʻo Berio ma Brussels, kahi i make ai ʻo ia ma ʻApelila 10, 1870.
Ua hoʻopili paʻa ʻia ka hana a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o Berio me nā kuʻuna o ke kula violin classic Farani o Viotti - Baio. Akā, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kēia mau kuʻuna i kahi ʻano sentimentalist-romantic. Ma ke ʻano o ke kālena, ua like ʻole ʻo Berio i ke aloha ʻino o Paganini a me ka "hohonu" romanticism o Spohr. Hōʻike ʻia nā mele a Berio e ka elegiacness palupalu a me ka naʻau, a me nā ʻāpana wikiwiki - ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o kāna mau hana i ʻike ʻia e kona māmā māmā, lacy, filigree figuration. Ma keʻano laulā, loaʻa kāna mele i ka salonism a nele i ka hohonu.
ʻIke mākou i kahi loiloi pepehi kanaka o kāna mele ma V. Odoevsky: "He aha ka hoʻololi o Mr. Berio, Mr. Kallivoda a me tutti quanti? "I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma Farani, ua hana ʻia kahi mīkini, i kapa ʻia ʻo componuum, nāna i haku i nā ʻano like ʻole ma kekahi kumuhana. Hoʻohālike nā keonimana mea kākau i kēia mīkini. Lohe mua ʻoe i kahi hoʻolauna, ʻano haʻi ʻōlelo; a laila ʻo ke kumu, a laila nā triplets, a laila nā memo pili pālua, a laila ka staccato inevitable me ka pizzicato inevitable, a laila ka adagio, a hope loa, no ka leʻaleʻa i manaʻo ʻia o ka lehulehu - ka hula a me ka like mau ma nā wahi āpau!
Hiki i kekahi ke hui pū me ke ʻano kiʻi o ke ʻano o Berio, a Vsevolod Cheshikhin i hāʻawi mua i kāna Concerto Seventh: "The Seventh Concerto. ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e ka hohonu kūikawā, kahi manaʻo liʻiliʻi, akā nani loa a maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka muse ʻo Berio ... ua like ia me Cecilia Carlo Dolce, ka pena kiʻi punahele loa o ka Dresden Gallery e nā wahine, ʻo kēia muse me kahi puʻupuʻu hoihoi o kahi sentimentalist o kēia wā, he ʻulaʻula nani, hopohopo me nā manamana lima lahilahi a me nā maka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
Ma ke ʻano he haku mele, ua hoʻohua nui ʻo Berio. Ua kākau ʻo ia i 10 concerto violin, 12 aria me nā ʻano like ʻole, 6 mau puke no ka haʻawina violin, nā ʻāpana salona he nui, 49 mau mele mele mele no ka piano a me ka violin, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i haku ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻokani piano kaulana loa - Hertz, Thalberg, Osborne, Benedict , Wolf. He ʻano ʻano ʻaha mele e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole virtuoso.
He mau haku mele 'o Berio ma nā kumuhana Lūkini, no ka la'ana, Fantasia no ke mele a A. Dargomyzhsky "Darling Maiden" Op. 115, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka violinist Lūkini ʻo I. Semenov. I nā mea i luna, pono mākou e hoʻohui i ke Kula Violin ma 3 mau ʻāpana me ka appendix "Transcendental School" (Ecole transendante du violon), i haku ʻia me 60 mau etudes. Hōʻike ke kula ʻo Berio i nā mea koʻikoʻi o kāna aʻo ʻana. Hōʻike ia i ke koʻikoʻi āna i pili ai i ka hoʻomohala mele o ka haumāna. Ma ke ʻano he ala kūpono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua manaʻo ka mea kākau i ka solfegging - hīmeni i nā mele ma ka pepeiao. "ʻO nā pilikia a ke aʻo ʻana i ka violin i ka hoʻomaka," i kākau ai ʻo ia, "ua hoʻemi ʻia ma kahi hapa no kahi haumāna i hoʻopau i kahi papa solfeggio. Me ka pilikia ʻole o ka heluhelu mele, hiki iā ia ke nānā pono i kāna mea kani a hoʻomalu i ka neʻe ʻana o kona mau manamana lima a kūlou me ka hoʻoikaika ʻole.
Wahi a Berio, kōkua ka solfegging i ka hana ma o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kanaka e lohe i ka mea a ka maka e ʻike ai, a hoʻomaka ka maka e ʻike i ka mea a ka pepeiao e lohe ai. Ma ka hana hou ʻana i ke mele me kona leo a kākau iā ia i lalo, hoʻokala ka haumāna i kona hoʻomanaʻo, mālama iā ia i nā aka o ke mele, kona mau leo a me kona kala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua kahiko ke kula Berio. ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu o ke ʻano aʻo auditory, ʻo ia ke ʻano holomua o ka hoʻonaʻauao mele hou, he waiwai i loko.
He ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ʻo Berio akā piha i ka leo nani hiki ʻole ke wehewehe. He mea haku mele, he mele violin. Ua kākau ʻo Heine ma kahi leka mai Paris mai i ka makahiki 1841: “I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻopau i ka manaʻo aia ka ʻuhane o kāna wahine make i loko o ka violin a Berio a hīmeni ʻo ia. ʻO Ernst wale nō, kahi mele Bohemian, hiki ke unuhi i nā leo ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu mai kāna mea kani.
L. Raaben
