Tikhon Khrennikov |
Tikhon Khrennikov
“He aha kaʻu e kākau nei? No ke aloha o ke ola. Aloha au i ke ola ma kāna mau hōʻike ʻana a mahalo nui i ke kumu hoʻoikaika ola i nā kānaka. " Ma kēia mau hua'ōlelo - keʻano nui o keʻano o ka mea haku mele kaulana Soviet, ka mea hoʻokani piano, ka mea nui o ka lehulehu.
ʻO ke mele kaʻu moeʻuhane. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia moeʻuhane i ka wā kamaliʻi, i ka wā i noho ai ka mea haku mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana me kona mau mākua a me nā kaikunāne he nui (ʻo ia ke keiki hope, ʻumi o ka ʻohana) ma Yelets. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā papa mele i kēlā manawa. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā haʻawina ʻoihana koʻikoʻi ma Moscow, i ka makahiki 1929 ma ke kula mele. ʻO Gnesins me M. Gnesin a me G. Litinsky a laila hoʻomau i ka Moscow Conservatory i ka papa haku mele o V. Shebalin (1932-36) a ma ka papa piano o G. Neuhaus. ʻOiai ʻo ia he haumāna, ua hana ʻo Khrennikov i kāna First Piano Concerto (1933) a me First Symphony (1935), i lanakila koke i ka ʻike lokahi o nā mea hoʻolohe a me nā mea hoʻokani pila. "Auwe, hauʻoli, ʻeha a me ka hauʻoli" - ʻo ia ka mea i wehewehe ai ka mea haku mele i ka manaʻo o ka First Symphony, a ʻo kēia hoʻomaka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ola i lilo i mea nui o kāna mele, e mālama mau i ka manaʻo ʻōpio o ka piha- ke koko o ka noho ana. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni o nā kiʻi mele i loaʻa i loko o kēia symphony kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele, kahi i hoʻoholo ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hoihoi mau i nā ʻano papa mele. (Ma ka moʻolelo o Khrennikov aia nō ... he hana hoʻokani! Ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i alakaʻi ʻia e Y. Raizman "The Train Goes to the East" (1947), ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka Luina. kahi ma ka Moscow Theatre for Children, i alakaʻi ʻia e N. Sats (pāʻani ” Mick, 1934), akā hiki mai ka lanakila maoli i ka hale keaka. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo E. Vakhtangov i kahi mele na V. Shakespeare "Much Ado About Nothing" (1936) me nā mele na Khrennikov.
Ma kēia hana i hōʻike piha ʻia ai ka makana mele a ka haku mele, ʻo ia ka mea huna nui o kāna mele. Ua kaulana koke nā mele i hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. A ma nā hana ma hope no ka hale keaka a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mele hou, i hele koke i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a ʻaʻole naʻe i nalowale ko lākou nani. "Song of Moscow", "E like me ka nightingale e pili ana i ka rose", "Boat", "Lullaby of Svetlana", "He aha ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka puʻuwai", "March of the artillerymen" - kēia a me nā mele ʻē aʻe o Khrennikov i hoʻomaka. ko lakou ola ma na hana keaka a me na kii.
Ua lilo ke mele i kumu o ke ʻano mele o ka mea haku mele, a ʻo ka hana keaka i hoʻoholo nui i nā kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele. Hoʻololi maʻalahi nā kumuhana mele-kiʻi i kāna mau hana, hoʻolohe pono i nā kānāwai o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole - ʻo ia ka opera, ballet, symphony, concert. ʻO kēia hiki i nā ʻano metamorphoses a pau ke wehewehe i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a Khrennikov e like me ka hoʻi hou ʻana i ka papa hoʻokahi a, no laila, nā mele i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ma muli o ke mele no ka pāʻani "Much Ado About Nothing", ua haku ʻia ka opera comic "Much Ado About … Hearts" (1972) a me ka ballet "Love for Love" (1982); ke mele no ka pāʻani "A long time ago" (1942) i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "The Hussar's Ballad" (1962) a ma ka ballet o ka inoa like (1979); hoʻohana ʻia ke mele no ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo The Duenna (1978) i ka opera-musical Dorothea (1983).
ʻO kekahi o nā genres kokoke loa iā Khrennikov ʻo ia ka mele mele. He mea maʻamau kēia, no ka mea, makemake ka mea haku mele i ka ʻakaʻaka, ʻakaʻaka, maʻalahi a hui maoli i nā kūlana hoʻomākeʻaka, hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou me he mea lā e kono ana i nā mea a pau e kaʻana like i ka hauʻoli o ka leʻaleʻa a ʻae i nā kūlana o ka pāʻani. Eia naʻe, i ka manawa like, huli pinepine ʻo ia i nā kumuhana mamao loa mai ka comedy wale nō. No laila. ʻO ka libretto o ka operetta One Hundred Devils and One Girl (1963) i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā mea waiwai mai ke ola o ka poʻe hoʻomana haipule. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka opera The Golden Calf (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ka inoa hoʻokahi e I. Ilf lāua ʻo E. Petrov) e hōʻike i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ko mākou manawa; Ua hoʻomaka ka hana mua i ka makahiki 1985.
ʻOiai ʻoiai e aʻo ana i ka conservatory, ua manaʻo ʻo Khrennikov e kākau i kahi opera ma kahi kumuhana kipi. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia ma hope, e hana ana i kahi ʻano trilogy stage: ka opera Into the Storm (1939) e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o N. Virta. "Loneliness" e pili ana i nā hanana o ke kipi, "Mother" e like me M. Gorky (1957), ka mele mele "White Night" (1967), kahi i hōʻikeʻia ai ke ola Lūkini ma ka pō o ka Great October Socialist Revolution i kahi paʻakikī. ka hui ana o na hanana.
Me nā ʻano papa mele, he wahi koʻikoʻi nā mele instrumental i ka hana a Khrennikov. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o ʻekolu symphonies (1935, 1942, 1974), ʻekolu piano (1933, 1972, 1983), ʻelua violin (1959, 1975), ʻelua cello (1964, 1986) concerto. ʻO ke ʻano o ka concerto ka mea hoihoi loa i ka mea haku mele a ʻike ʻia iā ia i kāna kumu kuʻuna kahiko - ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū hoʻolauleʻa hoihoi ma waena o ka soloist a me ka orchestra, kokoke i ka hana keaka i aloha nui ʻia e Khrennikov. ʻO ka manaʻo democratic i loaʻa i ke ʻano i hui pū me nā manaʻo noʻeau o ka mea kākau, ka mea e hoʻoikaika mau nei e kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ma nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau ʻano he hana pianistic ʻaha mele, i hoʻomaka ʻia ma Iune 21, 1933 ma ka Hale Nui o ka Moscow Conservatory a ua hoʻomau ʻia no ka hapalua haneli. I kona wā ʻōpiopio, ma ke ʻano he haumāna ma ka conservatory, kākau ʻo Khrennikov i kekahi o kāna mau leka: "I kēia manawa ua nānā lākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pae moʻomeheu ...
Ua lilo na olelo i wanana. I ka makahiki 1948, ua koho 'ia 'o Khrennikov i Luna Nui, mai ka makahiki 1957 - Kakauolelo mua o ka Papa o ka Union of Composers o ka USSR.
Me kāna mau hana kaiaulu nui, ua aʻo ʻo Khrennikov no nā makahiki he nui ma ka Conservatory Moscow (mai 1961). Me he mea lā ke ola nei kēia mea hoʻokani pila i kahi manaʻo kūikawā o ka manawa, e hoʻonui mau ana i kona mau palena a hoʻopiha iā ia me nā mea he nui i paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ke ola o kekahi.
O. Averyanova
