Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |

Alexander Kholminov

Uaʻike nuiʻia ka hana a A. Kholminov ma ko mākou'āina a ma waho. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana, ʻo ia he mele, he opera, symphony, hoʻopiʻi i ke kanaka, hoʻoulu i ka empathy ikaika. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻōlelo, ka sociability e ʻike ʻole ai ka mea hoʻolohe i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōlelo mele, ʻo ke kumu hohonu o ia ka mele Lūkini mua. "Ma nā hihia a pau, pono e lanakila ke mele ma ka hana," wahi a ka haku mele. "He mea nui nā ʻenehana loea, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā makemake wau i ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka manaʻo mele hou ka mea nui loa, a, i koʻu manaʻo, aia ia ma ka hoʻomaka melodic.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kholminov i loko o kahi ʻohana papa hana. ʻO kona mau makahiki kamaliʻi i hui pū me kahi manawa paʻakikī a kū'ē, akā no ke ola o ke keikikāne ua wehe ʻia i kona ʻaoʻao hana, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ua hoʻoholo koke ʻia kahi hoihoi i ke mele. Ua māʻona ka makewai i nā manaʻo mele e ka lekiō, i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale i nā makahiki 30 mua, i hoʻolaha i nā mele kahiko, ʻoi aku ka opera Lūkini. I kēlā mau makahiki, mahalo i ka lekiō, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he ʻaha mele maʻemaʻe, a ma hope wale nō i lilo ʻo Kholminov i ʻāpana o ka hana keaka. ʻO kekahi manaʻo ikaika like ʻole ʻo ia ke kiʻi kani a, ma luna o nā mea a pau, ka pena kaulana ʻo Chapaev. ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike, paha, i nā makahiki he nui ma hope, ua hoʻoikaika ka makemake o ka wā kamaliʻi i ka mea haku mele i ka opera Chapaev (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ka inoa like e D. Furmanov a me ka screenplay o nā kaikuaʻana Vasiliev).

I ka makahiki 1934, hoʻomaka nā papa ma ke kula mele ma ka mokuʻo Baumansky o Moscow. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono wau e hana me ka ʻole o kahi mea kani, no ka mea ʻaʻohe kālā e kūʻai ai. ʻAʻole i hoʻopilikia nā mākua i ka makemake i ke mele, akā ua hopohopo lākou i ka manaʻo ʻole i hana ʻia e ka mea haku mele e hiki mai ana, i kekahi manawa poina i nā mea āpau. ʻAʻole naʻe i manaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka haku mele, ua kākau ʻo Sasha, he keiki kula, i kāna keaka mua, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, i nalowale i nā makahiki kaua, a i mea e hoʻokani ai, ua aʻo kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia i ka F. . Ua hāʻule ʻole ʻo Gevart's Guide to Instrumentation i kona lima.

I ka makahiki 1941, ua pau na papa ma ke kula. No kekahi manawa, ua hana 'o Kholminov ma ke Kulanui Koa. ʻO Frunze ma ka ʻāpana mele, i ka makahiki 1943 ua komo ʻo ia i ke kula mele ma Moscow Conservatory, a i ka makahiki 1944 ua komo ʻo ia i ka conservatory i ka papa haku mele o An. Alexandrov, a laila ʻo E. Golubeva. Ua holo wikiwiki ka ulu ʻana o ka haku mele. Ua hoʻokani pinepine ʻia kāna mau mele e ka papa mele haumāna a me ka orchestra, a ua lohe ʻia ka piano preludes a me ka "Cossack Song", i loaʻa ka makana mua ma ka hoʻokūkū Conservatory, ma ka lekiō.

Ua puka 'o Kholminov mai ka Conservatory i ka makahiki 1950 me ka symphonic poem "The Young Guard", ua ho'okomo koke 'ia i ka Union of Composers, a ua hiki koke mai ka lanakila maoli a me ka mahalo ia ia. I ka makahiki 1955, ua kākauʻo ia i ka "Song of Lenin" (ma ka stanza o Yu. Kamenetsky), kahi i'ōlelo aiʻo D. Kabalevsky: "I koʻu manaʻo, ua lanakilaʻo Kholminov i ka hana mua loa i hoʻolaʻaʻia i ke kiʻi o ke alakaʻi." Ua hoʻoholo ka holomua i ka ʻaoʻao o ka hana hoʻohua - hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi ka haku mele i haku i nā mele. Akā, ua noho ka moeʻuhane o kahi opera i loko o kona ʻuhane, a no ka hōʻole ʻana i nā makana hoʻowalewale mai Mosfilm, ua hana ka mea haku mele no 5 mau makahiki ma ka opera Optimistic Tragedy (e pili ana i ka pāʻani a Vs. Vishnevsky), hoʻopau iā ia ma 1964. Mai ia manawa mai, lilo ka opera i ke ʻano alakaʻi i ka hana a Kholminov. A hiki i ka makahiki 1987, ua hana ʻia he 11 o lākou, a i loko o lākou a pau ua huli ka mea haku mele i nā kumuhana aupuni, e huki iā lākou mai nā hana a nā mea kākau Lūkini a me Soviet. "Aloha nui au i ka palapala Lūkini no kona moʻomeheu, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana, ka maikaʻi o ka noʻonoʻo, ka noʻonoʻo, ka hohonu. Heluhelu au i nā ʻōlelo a Gogol i kūpono i ko lākou kaumaha ma ke gula,” wahi a ka mea haku mele.

Ma ka opera, ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi pilina me nā kuʻuna o ke kula kahiko Lūkini. ʻO ka poʻe Lūkini ma ka huli ʻana i ka moʻolelo o ka ʻāina ("Optimistic tragedy, Chapaev"), ka pilikia o ka ʻike makaʻala ʻo Lūkini o ke ola (B. Asafiev) ma o ka hopena o ke ʻano kanaka mai kahi kanaka, psychological perspective ʻO Brothers Karamazov" na F. Dostoevsky; "The Overcoat" na N Gogol, "Vanka, Wedding" na A. Chekhov, "Twelfth Series" na V. Shukshin) - ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hana opera a Kholminov. A i ka makahiki 1987 ua kākau ʻo ia i ka opera "Steelworkers" (e pili ana i ka pāʻani o ka inoa hoʻokahi e G. Bokarev). "Ua puka mai kahi hoihoi ʻoihana e ho'āʻo e hoʻokomo i kahi kumuhana hana hou i ka hale keaka mele."

ʻO ka hua nui loa no ka hana a ka mea haku mele he hui lōʻihi me ka Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre a me kāna alakaʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻo B. Pokrovsky, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1975 me ka hana ʻana o ʻelua mau opera e pili ana iā Gogol - "The Overcoat" a me "Carriage". Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻike o Kholminov ma ka hana a nā mea haku mele Soviet ʻē aʻe a hoʻoulu i ka hoihoi i ka hale keaka. "Noʻu, ʻo Kholminov kahi kokoke loa iaʻu ma ke ʻano he haku mele nāna i haku i nā keʻena keena," wahi a Pokrovsky. "ʻO ka mea nui loa ʻo ia e kākau iā lākou ʻaʻole e kauoha, akā ma ke kauoha a kona puʻuwai. No laila, ʻo ia mau hana āna i hāʻawi mai ai i kā mākou hale keaka he kumu maoli nō. Ua ʻike pono ka luna hoʻokele i ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ke ʻano o ka haku mele, nona ka mea kūʻai i kona ʻuhane ponoʻī. "Pono wau e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia kaʻu hana e kākau ai i kēia manawa. Ho'āʻo wau ʻaʻole e hana hou iaʻu iho, ʻaʻole e hana hou iaʻu iho, i kēlā me kēia manawa aʻu e ʻimi ai i kekahi mau ʻano kani ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, hana wau i kēia e like me koʻu pono o loko. I ka wā mua, aia kahi makemake i nā frescoes mele nui, a laila ʻo ka manaʻo o kahi keʻena opera, e hiki ai i kekahi ke komo i loko o ka hohonu o ka ʻuhane kanaka, hoihoi. I ka wā makua wale nō i kākau ai ʻo ia i kāna symphony mua, i ka wā i manaʻo ai ʻo ia he pono hikiʻole ke hōʻike iā ia iho i kahi ʻano symphonic nui. Ma hope ua huli ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka quartet (he pono nō hoʻi!)

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia nā mele symphony a me ke keʻena-instrumental, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hana pilikino, i ka hana a Kholminov i nā makahiki 7080. ʻO kēia nā symphonies 3 (First - 1973; ʻO ka lua, hoʻolaʻa i kona makuakāne - 1975; ʻO ke kolu, no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka 600th anniversary o ka "Battle of Kulikovo" - 1977), "Greeting Overture" (1977), "Festive Poem" ( 1980), Concert- symphony for flute and strings (1978), Concerto for cello and chamber choir (1980), 3 string quartets (1980, 1985, 1986) and others. Loaʻa iā Kholminov nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he nui o nā leo a me nā hana symphonic, he "Album keiki" nani no ka piano.

ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia ʻo Kholminov i kāna hana ponoʻī. Ua hoihoi 'o ia i ka palapala, ka pena ki'i, ka ho'olālā, ho'okipa i ka kama'ilio me ka po'e o nā 'oihana like 'ole. Aia ka mea haku mele i ka ʻimi noʻonoʻo mau, hana ikaika a paʻakikī ʻo ia i nā haku mele hou - i ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 1988, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka Music for Strings a me Concerto grosso for chamber orchestra. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ia wale nō ka hana hoʻomohala ikaika i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻoikaika maoli, e lawe mai ana i ka hauʻoli o nā ʻike noʻeau.

O. Averyanova