Hookani |

ʻO ka hui Farani, mai ka accompagner - e hele pū; ital. accompagnamento; ʻōlelo Pelekane; Kelemānia Begleitung.

1) He ʻāpana o ka mea kani (e laʻa, piano, guitar, etc.) a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ka hui o nā mea kani (nā leo mele) e hele pū ana me ka ʻāpana solo o ka mea hīmeni a mea kani paha. A. kōkua i ka mea hoʻokani pila e hana pololei i kāna ʻāpana.

2) ʻO nā mea a pau i ke mele. prod., e lawelawe ana ma ke ano he harmonic. a me ka rhythmic. kākoʻo o ka leo mele nui. Māhele mele. ka hōʻikeʻana i ke mele a me A. hiʻohiʻona o ka mele o ka hale kūʻai homophonic-harmonic, ma keʻano likeʻole me ke mele o ka monophonic a me ka polyphonic. I ka orc. mele o ka hale kūʻai i ʻōlelo ʻia, kahi e hele ai ke mele alakaʻi mai kahi mea kani a i ʻole mai kahi pūʻulu mea kani i kekahi pūʻulu o lākou, ke hoʻololi nei ka haku ʻana o nā leo i nā manawa a pau.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke kuleana o A. pili i ke au, nat. nā lako mele a me kona ʻano. ʻO ka paʻi lima a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana i ke kani me kou wāwae, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hui pū ʻana me ka nar. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mele ma ke ʻano maʻalahi o A. (purely rhythmic. A. ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokani pila o hoʻokahi mea kani).

ʻO kekahi mea pili i ka hui ʻana a i ʻole octave pālua o ka wok. nā mele i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea kani, loaʻa i ka prof kahiko a me waena o ke kenekulia. mele, a ma nā kenekulia 15-16. – instr. ukali i ka wok. polyphonic works, in art. ʻO ka mahalo ka lua a me ke koho (hoʻokō ad libitum).

I ka hopena o 16 - i ke kakahiaka. 17 mau kenekulia, e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka homophonic harmonic. hale kūʻai, ua hana ʻia ʻo A. i kēia manawa. ka hoomaopopo ana, ka haawi ana i ka lokahi. kumu o ke mele. I kēlā manawa, he mea maʻamau ka kākau ʻana i ka leo haʻahaʻa wale nō o A., e wehewehe ana i ka lokahi me ke kōkua o ka notation digital (general bass or digital bass). ʻO ka "Deciphering" kahi bass digital i ke ʻano o nā chords, figurations, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻokani, e koi ana iā ia i ka noʻonoʻo, ka makana o ka improvisation, ka ʻono a me nā mākau kūikawā. akamai. Mai ka manawa o J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, A. ua kākau piha ʻia e nā mea kākau.

Ma ka instr. a wok. mele o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20. A. hana pinepine i na olelo hou. nā hana: "hoʻopau" i ka soloist unspoken, hoʻoikaika a hohonu i ka noʻonoʻo. a hoʻokalakupua i ka ʻike o ke mele, hana i kahi kiʻi kiʻi a me ke kiʻi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, mai kahi mele maʻalahi, huli ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana like o ka ensemble, no ka laʻana. ma fp. nā hui aloha a me nā mele na F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, X. Wolf, E. Grieg, PI Tchaikovsky. SI Taneyev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, SV Rachmaninov a me nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe.

3) Hana mele. nā ukali. Koi iā A. na ka mea pena kiʻi. ʻO ka manaʻo kokoke i ke koi o ka hana ensemble. E nana i ka haku mele.

Moʻolelo: Kryuchkov HA, ʻO ke akamai o ka hoʻokani pila ma ke ʻano he kumuhana aʻo, L., 1961; Shenderovich E., Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokani pila, "SM", 1969, No 4; Lyublinsky A., Theory and practice of accompaniment, (L.), 1972; Fetis Fr.-J., Traité de l'accompagnement de la partition, P., 1829; Dourlen V. Ch. P., Traité d'accompagnement, P., 1840; Elwart AE, Le chanteuraccompagnateur, P., 1844; ʻO Gevaert fr. A., Méthode pour l'enseignement du plain-chant et de la manière de l'accompagner, Gand, 1856; ʻO Matthias Fr. X., Historische Entwicklung der Choralbegleitung, Strayab., 1905; Arnold F. Th., The art of accompaniment from a thorough-bass, L., 1931, NY, 1965; Moore G., Ka mea mele a me ka mea hookani pila, L., 1953, rus. per. ma ka puke: Performing Arts of Foreign Countries, no. 2, M., 1966.

NP Korykhalova