Luigi Marchesi |

Luigi Marchesi

ʻO Marchesi kekahi o nā mele castrato kaulana hope loa o ka makahiki XNUMXth a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO Stendhal i kāna puke "Rome, Naples, Florence" i kapa iā ia "Bernini i ke mele". "He leo ʻo Marchesi o ka timbre palupalu, virtuoso coloratura technique," wahi a SM Grishchenko. "Ua ʻike ʻia kāna hīmeni ʻana e ka hanohano, ka mele maʻalahi."

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Luigi Lodovico Marchesi (Marchesini) ma ʻAukake 8, 1754 ma Milan, ke keiki a kahi mea hoʻokani pū. Ua aʻo mua ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka pū. Ma hope mai, ua neʻe ʻo ia i Modena, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke mele me ke kumu ʻo Caironi a me ka mea mele ʻo O. Albuzzi. I ka makahiki 1765, lilo ʻo Luigi i kapa ʻia ʻo alievo musico soprano (junior soprano castrato) ma Milan Cathedral.

Ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele ʻōpio i kāna hana mua i ka makahiki 1774 ma ke kapikala o Italia ma ka opera Maid-Mistress a Pergolesi me kahi ʻāpana wahine. ʻIke ʻia, lanakila loa, mai ka makahiki aʻe ma Florence ua hana hou ʻo ia i ka hana wahine ma ka opera ʻo Bianchi ʻo Castor a me Pollux. Ua hīmeni ʻo Marchesi i nā hana wahine ma nā keaka na P. Anfossi, L. Alessandri, P.-A. ʻO Guglielmi. He mau makahiki ma hope o kekahi o nā hana, aia ma Florence i kākau ai ʻo Kelly: “Ua hīmeni wau i ka Bianchi's Sembianza amabile del mio bel sole me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa; i loko o hoʻokahi pauku chromatic ua lele ʻo ia i ka octave o nā nota chromatic, a ʻo ka memo hope loa he mana nani loa a ikaika loa i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Marchesi bomb.

He loiloi hou ʻo Kelly i ka hana a ka mea mele ʻItalia ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka Olympiad a Myslivecek ma Naples: "ʻO kāna hōʻike, manaʻo a me kāna hana i ka aria nani 'se Cerca, se Dice' ʻaʻole i mahalo ʻia."

Ua kaulana loa ʻo Marchesi ma ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo La Scala ma Milan i ka makahiki 1779, kahi i loaʻa ai kona lanakila ma Myslivechek's Armida i ka mekala kālā o ka Academy.

I ka makahiki 1782, ma Turin, ua loaʻa iā Marchesi ka lanakila nui ma ka Bianchi's Triumph of the World. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokani pila no ka Mōʻī o Sardinia. Loaʻa i ka mea mele ka uku makahiki maikaʻi - 1500 Piedmontese lire. Eia hou, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia e mākaʻikaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē no ʻeiwa mahina o ka makahiki. I ka makahiki 1784, ma ka Turin hoʻokahi, ua komo ʻo "musico" i ka hana mua o ka opera "Artaxerxes" na Cimarosa.

"I ka makahiki 1785, ua hiki aku oia i Sana Peteroboro," i kakau ai o E. Harriot ma kana buke e pili ana i ka poe himeni castrato, "akā, no ka makau i ke ea o ka aina, ua haalele koke oia i Vienna, kahi i noho ai i na makahiki ekolu e hiki mai ana; i ka makahiki 1788 ua lanakila loa ʻo ia ma Lākana. Ua kaulana kēia mea mele no kona lanakila ʻana ma luna o nā puʻuwai wahine a ua hoʻokau i ka hōʻino i ka wā i haʻalele ai ʻo Maria Cosway, ka wahine miniaturist, i kāna kāne a me kāna mau keiki nona a hoʻomaka e hahai iā ia ma ʻEulopa a puni. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ka home i ka makahiki 1795 wale nō.

ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o Marchesi i Lākana ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka manaʻo. I ke ahiahi mua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaka kāna hana ma muli o ka walaʻau a me ka huikau e noho aliʻi ana i loko o ke keʻena. Ua kākau ka mea aloha mele Pelekane kaulana ʻo Lord Mount Egdcombe: “I kēia manawa, he kanaka ʻōpio maikaʻi loa ʻo Marchesi, me ke ʻano maikaʻi a me nā neʻe ʻana. ʻO kāna pāʻani ʻana he ʻuhane a me ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻaʻole palena ʻole kona mau leo ​​leo, ua paʻi kona leo i kona leo, ʻoiai he kuli iki. Ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻo ia i kāna ʻāpana, akā hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka manaʻo ua mahalo nui ʻo ia iā ia iho; ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā ʻāpana bravura ma mua o cantabile. Ma ka recitatives, energetic and passionate scenes, ʻaʻohe ona like, a inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā melismas, ʻaʻole kūpono i nā manawa a pau, a inā loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻono maʻemaʻe a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻaʻohe hewa kāna hana: i kekahi hihia, ʻo ia. ʻoliʻoli mau, ʻōlinolino a mālamalama. . No kāna hana mua, ua koho ʻo ia i ka opera nani a Sarti ʻo Julius Sabin, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā aria a pau o ka protagonist (a he nui o lākou, a he ʻokoʻa loa lākou) e ka hōʻike maikaʻi loa. Ua kamaʻāina kēia mau aria iaʻu, ua lohe au iā lākou i hana ʻia e Pacchierotti i ke ahiahi i loko o kahi hale pilikino, a i kēia manawa ua nalo wau i kāna ʻano haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hiʻohiʻona hope loa. Me he mea lā iaʻu ua hoʻopōʻino ka maʻalahi o ko Marchesi kaila flamboyant. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēia poʻe mele, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke mahalo iā Marchesi e like me kaʻu i mahalo ai iā ia ma mua, ma Mantua a i ʻole ma nā keaka ʻē aʻe ma Lākana. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo ia me ka leo kani.

Ma ke kapikala o ʻEnelani, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū hoʻokahi wale nō o nā mele castrato kaulana ʻelua, ʻo Marchesi lāua ʻo Pacchierotti, i mālama ʻia ma kahi ʻahamele pilikino ma ka hale o Lord Buckingham.

I ka pau ʻana o ka huakaʻi a ka mea hīmeni, ua kākau kekahi o nā nūpepa Pelekane: “I ke ahiahi i hala, ua hoʻohanohano ko lākou mau aliʻi a me nā aliʻi wahine i ka hale keaka me ko lākou alo. ʻO Marchesi ke kumu o ko lākou nānā ʻana, a ʻo ka meʻe i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka noho ʻana o ka ʻAha, ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia iā ia iho. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻōla nui ʻo ia mai kāna predilection no ka hoʻonani nui ʻana. Hōʻike mau ʻo ia ma ke kahua i nā mea kupanaha o kāna kūpaʻa i ka ʻepekema, ʻaʻole naʻe i ka pōʻino o ke kiʻi, me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻonaninani pono ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka lokahi o ke kani ke ʻano o ka lokahi i ka pepeiao e like me ka lokahi o ka nānā ʻana i ka maka; ma kahi e hiki ai, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, akā inā ʻaʻole, makehewa nā hana a pau. Auwe, me he mea lā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Marchesi ka lokahi like. "

A hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia, noho mau ʻo Marchesi i kekahi o nā mea pena kaulana loa ma Italia. A ua mākaukau ka poʻe hoʻolohe e kala nui i kā lākou virtuosos. No ka mea, i kēlā manawa, hiki i ka poʻe mele ke hoʻopuka i kahi o nā koi hoʻohenehene. Ua lanakila ʻo Marchesi ma kēia kahua pū kekahi. Eia kā E. Harriot i kākau ai: “Ua koi ʻo Marchesi e kū ʻo ia ma ke kahua, e iho ana i ka puʻu ma luna o ka lio, me ka mahiole mau me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o hoʻokahi iwilei ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā fanfares a i ʻole nā ​​pū e hoʻolaha i kona haʻalele ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻāpana e hoʻomaka me kekahi o kāna aria punahele - ʻo ka pinepine ʻo "Mia speranza, io pur vorrei", a Sarti i kākau kūikawā nona - me ka nānā ʻole i ke kuleana a me ke kūlana i manaʻo ʻia. He nui ka poʻe mele i loaʻa nā aria inoa; Ua kapa ʻia lākou he "arie di baule" - "ʻeke arias" - no ka mea, neʻe pū nā mea hoʻokani me lākou mai ke keaka a i ke keaka.

Ua kākau ʻo Vernon Lee: "ʻO ka hapa ʻoi loa o ka hui i komo i ke kamaʻilio a me ka hula a me ka hoʻomana ... ʻo ka mea mele ʻo Marchesi, ka mea a Alfieri i kāhea ai e kau i ka mahiole a hele i ke kaua me ka Farani, kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka Italia wale nō i ʻaʻa. pale aku i ka "Corsican Gaul" - ka mea lanakila, ma ka liʻiliʻi a me ke mele.

Aia kekahi manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi i ka makahiki 1796, i ka wā i hōʻole ʻo Marchesi e kamaʻilio me Napoleon ma Milan. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i pale iā Marchesi ma hope, i ka makahiki 1800, ma hope o ke kaua ʻo Marengo, e lilo i poʻo mua o ka poʻe i hoʻokipa i ka ʻaihue.

I ka hopena o nā makahiki 80, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Marchesi i kāna hana mua ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo San Benedetto ma Venice ma ka opera ʻo Tarki ʻo The Apotheosis of Hercules. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma Venice, he hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ma waena o Marchesi a me ka poʻe Pukiki prima donna Donna Luisa Todi, nāna i hīmeni ma ka hale keaka ʻo San Samuele. Hiki ke loaʻa nā kikoʻī o kēia hoʻokūkū ma kahi leka 1790 mai Venetian Zagurri i kāna hoa ʻo Casanova: "Ua ʻōlelo iki lākou e pili ana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou (La Fenice. - Approx. Auth.), ʻO ke kumuhana nui no nā kamaʻāina o nā papa a pau ka pilina ma waena o Todi a me Marchesi; ʻAʻole e pau ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia a hiki i ka hopena o ke ao, no ka mea, ʻo ia mau moʻolelo e hoʻoikaika wale ai i ka hui ʻana o ka palaualelo a me ka mea ʻole.

A eia kekahi leka mai iaia mai, i kākau ʻia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope: "Ua paʻi lākou i kahi caricature ma ke ʻano Pelekane, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ʻo Todi i ka lanakila, a hōʻike ʻia ʻo Marchesi i ka lepo. ʻO nā laina āpau i kākau ʻia ma ka pale o Marchesi ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a wehe ʻia paha e ka hoʻoholo a Bestemmia (he ʻaha hoʻokolokolo kūikawā e hakakā i ka libel. – Ma kahi o Aut.). Hoʻokipa ʻia nā mea lapuwale e hoʻonani iā ​​Todi, ʻoiai aia ʻo ia ma lalo o ka malu o Damone a me Kaz.

Ua hiki i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai nā lono e pili ana i ka make ʻana o ka mea mele. Ua hana ʻia kēia i mea e hōʻeha a hoʻoweliweli iā Marchesi. No laila, ua kākau kekahi nūpepa Pelekane o 1791: “I nehinei, ua loaʻa mai ka ʻike e pili ana i ka make ʻana o kekahi mea hoʻokani pila ma Milan. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hāʻule ʻo ia i ka lili o kekahi aliʻi ʻItalia, a ua manaʻo ʻia kāna wahine i makemake nui i ka pō pōʻino ... Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ke kumu kūpono o ka pōʻino he lāʻau make, i hoʻolauna ʻia me ke akamai a me ka dexterity Italia.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o nā ʻenemi, ua hoʻokani ʻo Marchesi i ke kūlanakauhale o nā kahawai no kekahi mau makahiki. I Kepakemapa 1794, kākau ʻo Zagurri: “Pono ʻo Marchesi e hīmeni i kēia kau ma Fenice, akā ua hana ʻino ʻia ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻaʻole e lōʻihi kēia kau. E kūʻai ʻo Marchesi iā lākou he 3200 sequins.

I ka makahiki 1798, ma kēia hale keaka, hīmeni ʻo "Muziko" i ka opera a Zingarelli me ka inoa ʻano ʻē ʻo "Caroline a me Mexico", a ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Mexico pohihihi.

I ka makahiki 1801, ua wehe ʻia ka Teatro Nuovo ma Trieste, kahi i hīmeni ai ʻo Marchesi ma ka mele ʻo Ginevra Scottish a Mayr. Ua hoʻopau ka mea mele i kāna ʻoihana opera i ka makahiki 1805/06, a hiki i kēlā manawa hoʻomau i nā hana kūleʻa ma Milan. Ua mālama ʻia ka hana lehulehu hope a Marchesi i ka makahiki 1820 ma Naples.

ʻO nā hana soprano kāne maikaʻi loa a Marchesi ʻo Armida (Mysliveček's Armida), Ezio (Alessandri's Ezio), Giulio, Rinaldo (Sarti's Giulio Sabino, Armida a me Rinaldo), Achilles (Achilles ma Skyros) ʻae Capua).

Ua make ka mea mele i ka lā 14 o Dekemaba, 1829 ma Inzago, kokoke i Milan.