Tito Schipa (Tito Schipa) |

ʻO Tito Schipa

ʻO ka inoa o ka mea mele Italia ʻo Skipa ka inoa mau i waena o nā inoa o nā tenor kaulana loa o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua kākau ʻo VV Timokhin: “… Ua kaulana ʻo Skipa ma ke ʻano he haku mele. Ua ʻike ʻia kāna huaʻōlelo e ka waiwai o nā nuances expressive, ua lanakila ʻo ia me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka palupalu o ke kani, ka plasticity a me ka nani o ka cantilena.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Tito Skipa ma Ianuali 2, 1889 ma ka hema o Italia, ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Lecce. Ua makemake ke keiki i ka hīmeni ʻana mai kona wā kamaliʻi. I ka makahiki ʻehiku, ua hīmeni ʻo Tito i ka papa hīmeni o ka hale pule.

"Hele pinepine mai nā hui ʻOpera i Lecce, e kiʻi ana i nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi no ka hui mele no ka manawa o kā lākou hale keaka," wahi a I. Ryabova. - He mea koʻikoʻi ʻo Little Tito i nā hana a pau. I ka manawa i lohe ai ka pīhopa i ke mele ʻana o ke keiki, a ma kāna kono ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Skipa e hele i ke kula ʻo Theological, kahi o kāna mau hana punahele ʻo ia nā haʻawina mele a me ka papa himeni. Ma ka seminare, ua hoomaka o Tito Skipa e a'o i ke mele me kekahi kanaka kaulana o ka aina - ka mea hoolea amateur A. Gerunda, a ua lilo koke ia i haumana ma ka conservatory ma Lecce, kahi i hele ai i na papa ma ka piano, ka manao mele a me ka haku mele.

Ma hope mai, ua aʻo pū ʻo Skipa i ke mele ma Milan me kahi kumu leo ​​kaulana ʻo E. Piccoli. Ua kōkua ka hope i kāna haumāna e hoʻomaka i kāna hana mua ma 1910 ma ke kahua keaka o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Vercelli e like me Alfred ma ka Verdi opera La traviata. Ua neʻe koke ʻo Tito i ke kapikala o Italia. ʻO nā hana ma ka Costanci Theatre e hāʻawi i ka lanakila nui i ka'ōpio'ōpio, kahi e wehe ai i ke ala no ia i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni nui loa a me nā haole.

I ka makahiki 1913, ʻauʻau ʻo Skipa i ka moana a hoʻokani ma Argentina a me Pasila. Hoʻi ʻo ia i ka home, hīmeni hou ʻo ia ma Costanzi, a laila ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Neapolitan San Carlo. I ka makahiki 1915, ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele ma La Scala e like me Vladimir Igorevich ma Prince Igor; Ma hope mai, hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o De Grieux ma Massenet's Manon. I ka makahiki 1917, ma Monte Carlo, hīmeni ʻo Skipa i ka ʻāpana o Ruggiero ma ka hoʻomaka mua o ka opera a Puccini The Swallow. Hoʻokani pinepine ka mea pena ma Madrid a me Lisbon, a me ka lanakila nui.

I ka makahiki 1919, ua neʻe ʻo Tito i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a lilo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻokani solo nui o ka Chicago Opera House, kahi āna i hīmeni ai mai 1920 a i 1932. Akā, laila hele pinepine ʻo ia i ʻEulopa a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika. Mai ka makahiki 1929, ho'okani 'o Tito ma La Scala. I loko o kēia mau huakaʻi, hui ka mea pena me nā mea mele koʻikoʻi, e hīmeni ana i nā hana i alakaʻi ʻia e nā alakaʻi nui. Pono ʻo Tito e hoʻokani ma ke kahua a hui pū me nā mea hoʻokani leo kaulana loa o ia manawa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kāna hoa ʻo ia ka mea mele kaulana ʻo A. Galli-Curci. Laki ʻia ʻelua Skipa e hīmeni pū me FI Chaliapin, ma Rossini's The Barber of Seville ma La Scala i ka makahiki 1928 a ma ka Colon Theatre (Buenos Aires) i ka makahiki 1930.

ʻO nā hui me Chaliapin i waiho i kahi hōʻailona hikiʻole ke hoʻomanaʻo iā Tito Skipa. Ma hope mai, ua kākau ʻo ia: "I koʻu ola ʻana, ua hālāwai au me nā poʻe koʻikoʻi he nui, maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi, akā ʻo Fyodor Chaliapin nā hale kiaʻi ma luna o lākou e like me Mont Blanc. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i nā ʻano like ʻole o kahi mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi a naʻauao - operatic a dramatic. ʻAʻole kēlā me kēia kenekulia e hāʻawi i ka honua i kēlā kanaka.

I nā makahiki 30, aia ʻo Skipa i ka zenith o ka kaulana. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kono i ka Metropolitan Opera, kahi i ka makahiki 1932 i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia ma Donizetti's Love Potion me ka kūleʻa nui, lilo ʻo ia i mea pani kūpono no nā kuʻuna o ka mea kaulana Beniamino Gigli, ka mea i haʻalele i ka hale keaka. Ma New York, hoʻokani ka mea pena a hiki i ka makahiki 1935. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia no kekahi kau ma ka Metropolitan Opera ma 1940/41.

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, hana ʻo Skipa ma Italia a ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui a puni ka honua. I ka makahiki 1955, ha'alele 'o ia i ke kahua keaka, akā noho 'o ia ma ke 'ano he mele 'aha mele. Hāʻawiʻo ia i ka manawa nui i nā hana kaiaulu a me nā mele, e hāʻawi ana i konaʻike a me kona akamai i nā mele mele. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Skipa i nā papa leo ma nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole o ʻEulopa.

I ka makahiki 1957, hele ka mea mele ma ka USSR, e hana ana ma Moscow, Leningrad a me Riga. A laila noho 'o ia i ka jure o ka ho'okūkū leo o ka VI World Festival of Youth and Students ma Moscow.

I ka makahiki 1962, ua hele ka mea mele i kahi huakaʻi aloha ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua make ʻo Skipa i ka lā 16 o Dekemaba, 1965 ma New York.

ʻO ka mea mele kaulana Italia ʻo Celetti, nāna i kākau i ka ʻōlelo mua i nā memo a Skipa, i paʻi ʻia ma Roma i ka makahiki 1961, ʻōlelo ʻo ia he mea koʻikoʻi kēia mea mele i ka mōʻaukala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia, ua hoʻohuli i ka makemake o ka lehulehu a me ka hana a kona hoa. nā mea hoʻokani me kāna kiʻi.

"I ka makahiki 20, ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o nā koi o ka lehulehu," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Cheletti, "hōʻole ʻole e hoʻohana i nā hopena leo banal, kaulana ʻo ia no kāna ʻano maʻalahi o ka leo leo, ʻano akahele i ka ʻōlelo. A inā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo bel canto ka mele mele, a laila ʻo Skipa kona ʻelele kūpono.

"Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka repertoire o ka mea mele e ke ʻano o kona leo, kahi tenor lyrical palupalu," kākau ʻo I. Ryabova. - ʻO nā makemake o ka mea pena i kālele nui ʻia i nā operas o Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, ma kekahi mau wahi o ka operas o Verdi. ʻO ka mea mele-mea kiʻi o ke kālena nui, loaʻa ka mele kupaianaha, ka ʻenehana maikaʻi loa, ke ʻano hana, ua hana ʻo Skipa i kahi hale kiʻi piha o nā kiʻi mele a me ke kahua. Aia ma waena o lākou ʻo Almaviva ma Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Edgar ma Lucia di Lammermoor a me Nemorino ma Donizetti's Potion of Love, Elvino ma Bellini's La Sonnambula, ke Duke ma Rigoletto a me Alfred ma Verdi's La Traviata. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Skipa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani kupaianaha o nā ʻāpana o nā keaka e nā mea haku mele Farani. Ma waena o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia nā kuleana o Des Grieux lāua ʻo Werther i nā opera na J. Massenet, Gerald ma Lakma na L. Delibes. He mea pena kiʻi o ka moʻomeheu mele kiʻekiʻe, ua hana ʻo Skipa i nā kiʻi leo poina ʻole ma V.-A. Mozart".

Ma ke ʻano he mele ʻaha mele, ua hoʻokani mua ʻo Skipa i nā mele moʻomeheu Sepania a me Italia. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa o nā mele Neapolitan. Ma hope o kona make ʻana, hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nā mele mele a ka mea pena i nā mele mele Neapolitan i paʻi ʻia ma waho. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo Skipa ma nā moʻolelo gramophone - no ka laʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa piha ʻia ka opera Don Pasquale me kona komo ʻana.

Ua hōʻike ka mea pena i ke akamai kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokani pila ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni mele he nui. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni - "Arias punahele" - i hōʻike ʻia ma nā pale o ko mākou ʻāina.

Ua kaulana ʻo Skipa ma ke ʻano he haku mele. ʻO ia ke kumu o nā haku mele a me nā mele piano. Ma waena o kāna mau hana nui, ʻo ia ka Mass.