Joan Sutherland |
ʻO Joan Sutherland
ʻO ka leo kamahaʻo o Sutherland, ka hui pū ʻana i ka haku kalatura me ka waiwai nui, ka momona o nā kala kala me ka mālamalama o ka leo alakaʻi, ua hoʻopio i ka poʻe aloha a me nā loea i ka hana leo no nā makahiki he nui. He kanahā mau makahiki i piha i kāna hana keaka lanakila. He liʻiliʻi ka poʻe mele i loaʻa i kahi ʻano ākea a me ka palette stylistic. Ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻōlelo Italia a me Austro-German repertoire, akā ma ka ʻōlelo Farani pū kekahi. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 60, ʻo Sutherland kekahi o nā mele nui loa o ko mākou manawa. Ma nā ʻatikala a me nā loiloi, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e ka huaʻōlelo Italian sonorous La Stupenda ("Amazing").
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Joan Sutherland ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Australian Sydney ma Nowemapa 7, 1926. ʻO ka makuahine o ka mea mele e hiki mai ana he mezzo-soprano maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i lilo i mele ma muli o ke kūʻē ʻana o kona mau mākua. Ke hoʻohālike nei i kona makuahine, ua hoʻokani ke kaikamahine i nā leo o Manuel Garcia lāua ʻo Matilda Marchesi.
ʻO ka hui ʻana me ke kumu leo leo ʻo Sydney ʻo Aida Dickens he mea hoʻoholo no Joan. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi soprano dramatic maoli i loko o ke kaikamahine. Ma mua o kēia, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Joan he mezzo-soprano kāna.
Ua loaʻa iā Sutherland kāna hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana ma Sydney Conservatory. ʻOiai he haumana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Joan i kāna hana ʻahamele, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i nā kūlanakauhale he nui o ka ʻāina. Ua hele pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e ka haumāna pianist ʻo Richard Boning. ʻO wai ka mea i manaʻo ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi duet haku mele i kaulana i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua.
I ka iwakāluakūmākahi, hīmeni ʻo Sutherland i kāna ʻāpana opera mua, ʻo Dido ma Purcell's Dido a me Aeneas, ma kahi ʻahamele ma Sydney's Town Hall. I nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana, hoʻomau ʻo Joan i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻaha mele. Eia kekahi, komo ʻo ia i nā hoʻokūkū hīmeni āpau-Australian a loaʻa iā ia ka wahi mua i nā manawa ʻelua. Ma ke kahua opera, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Sutherland i kāna hana mua i ka makahiki 1950 ma kona kūlanakauhale hānau, ma ke poʻo inoa ma ka opera "Judith" na J. Goossens.
Ma 1951, ma hope o Bonynge, neʻe ʻo Joan i Lākana. Hana nui ʻo Sutherland me Richard, e hoʻolalelale ana i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo leo. Ua aʻo pū ʻo ia no hoʻokahi makahiki ma ke Kula Nui o nā Mele ma Lākana me Clive Carey.
Eia naʻe, me ka paʻakikī wale nō e komo ai ʻo Sutherland i ka hui Covent Garden. I ʻOkakopa i ka makahiki 1952, hīmeni ke mele ʻōpio i ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka Wahine Mua ma Mozart's The Magic Flute. Akā, ma hope o ka lanakila 'ana o Joan ma ke 'ano he 'Amelia ma Un ballo in maschera na Verdi, e pani ana i ka mea mele Kelemānia ma'i koke 'o Elena Werth, ua mana'o ka luna hale keaka i kona hiki. I ka manawa mua, ua hilinaʻi ʻo Sutherland i ke kuleana o ka Countess ("The Wedding of Figaro") a me Penelope Rich ("Gloriana" Britten). Ma 1954, hīmeni ʻo Joan i ke poʻo inoa ma Aida lāua ʻo Agatha i kahi hana hou o Weber's The Magic Shooter.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hana ʻia kahi hanana koʻikoʻi ma ke ola pilikino o Sutherland - male ʻo ia iā Boninj. Ua hoʻomaka kāna kāne e hoʻonohonoho iā Joan i nā ʻāpana lyric-coloratura, me ka manaʻo e pili ana lākou i ke ʻano o kāna talena. Ua kanalua ka mea pena, akā na'e, ua 'ae 'o ia a i ka makahiki 1955, ua hīmeni 'o ia i kekahi mau 'ano like 'ole. ʻO ka hana hoihoi loa ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao paʻakikī o Jennifer ma ka opera Midsummer Night's Wedding na ka haku mele Pelekane o kēia wā ʻo Michael Tippett.
Mai 1956 a 1960, ua komo ʻo Sutherland i ka Glyndebourne Festival, kahi i hīmeni ai ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana o Countess Almaviva (The Marriage of Figaro), Donna Anna (Don Giovanni), Madame Hertz ma Mozart's vaudeville The Theatre Director.
I ka makahiki 1957, ua kaulana ʻo Sutherland ma ke ʻano he mele Handelian, e hīmeni ana i ke poʻo inoa ma Alcina. "Ka mea mele Handelian koʻikoʻi o ko mākou manawa," kākau lākou ma ka nūpepa e pili ana iā ia. I ka makahiki aʻe, hele ʻo Sutherland i ka huakaʻi ʻē aʻe no ka manawa mua: hīmeni ʻo ia i ka hapa soprano ma Verdi's Requiem ma ka Hōʻikeʻike Holland, a ʻo Don Giovanni ma ka ʻaha ʻo Vancouver ma Kanada.
Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka mea mele i kāna pahuhopu - e hoʻokō i nā hana a nā mea haku mele Italia bel canto nui - Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi o ka ikaika o Sutherland ʻo ia ke kuleana o Lucia di Lammermoor i ka opera a Donizetti o ka inoa hoʻokahi, kahi i koi ʻia i ka haku impeccable o ke kaila bel canto kahiko.
Me ka paʻipaʻi nui, mahalo ka poʻe hoʻolohe Covent Garden i ke akamai o ka mea hīmeni. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Harold Rosenthal mea loea Pelekane kaulana i ka hana a Sutherland he "hōʻike", a me ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kuleana – kupaianaha i ka ikaika o ka naʻau. No laila me ka lanakila o Lākana, hiki mai ka kaulana honua i Sutherland. Mai ia manawa, makemake nui nā hale opera maikaʻi loa e hoʻopau i nā ʻaelike me ia.
ʻO nā holomua hou e lawe mai i nā hana kiʻi kiʻi ma Vienna, Venice, Palermo. Ua kū ʻo Sutherland i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka lehulehu Parisian koi, lanakila i ka Grand Opera ma ʻApelila 1960, nā mea āpau ma ka Lucia di Lammermoor.
"Inā i haʻi mai kekahi iaʻu i hoʻokahi pule i hala aku nei e hoʻolohe wau iā Lucia ʻaʻole wale me ka ʻole o ka luhi ʻole, akā me ka manaʻo e kū mai ana i ka wā e hauʻoli ai i kahi hana nui, kahi hana nui i kākau ʻia no ke kahua mele, e kahaha loa wau," wahi a ka mea hoʻohewa Farani ʻo Marc Pencherl i kahi loiloi.
I ka lā ʻApelila aʻe, ua ʻālohilohi ʻo Sutherland ma ke kahua ma La Scala ma ke poʻo inoa ma Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda. I ka hāʻule o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele i kāna hana mua ma ke kahua o nā hale opera ʻAmelika nui loa ʻekolu: San Francisco, Chicago a me New York Metropolitan Opera. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ka Metropolitan Opera ʻo Lucia, ua hana ʻo ia ma laila no 25 mau makahiki.
I ka makahiki 1963, ua hoʻokō ʻia kekahi moeʻuhane o Sutherland - ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Norma no ka manawa mua ma ke kahua o ka hale keaka ma Vancouver. A laila hīmeni ka mea pena i kēia ʻāpana ma Lākana i Nowemapa 1967 a ma New York ma ke kahua o ka Metropolitan i nā makahiki 1969/70 a me 1970/71.
"ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o Sutherland i kumu nui ai ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā mea mele a me nā mea aloha i ka leo leo," i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin. — I ka wā mua, he mea paʻakikī loa ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o kēia kahuna wahine koa, ka mea a Kallas i hoʻokomo ai me ia ʻano hana keaka kupaianaha, ma kekahi ʻano manaʻo!
Ma kāna wehewehe ʻana, ua kau ʻo Sutherland i ka manaʻo nui i ka elegiac palupalu, ka noʻonoʻo poetic. ʻAʻohe mea o ka manaʻo wiwo ʻole o Callas i loko ona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo nā lyrical, dreamily enlightened episodes i ke kuleana o Norma - a ma luna o nā pule a pau "Casta Diva" - kani keu loa me Sutherland. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻae i ka manaʻo o kēlā poʻe hoʻohewa i kuhikuhi i ka noʻonoʻo hou ʻana i ke kuleana o Norma, ka uhi ʻana i ka nani poetic o nā mele a Bellini, akā naʻe, ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ke ʻano i hana ʻia e ka mea haku mele.
I ka makahiki 1965, no ka manawa mua ma hope o ka hala ʻana he ʻumikumamāhā makahiki, ua hoʻi ʻo Sutherland i Australia. ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka mea mele he mea ʻoluʻolu maoli ia no ka poʻe aloha i ka leo leo ma Australia, ka mea i hoʻokipa maikaʻi iā Joan. Ua nānā nui nā nūpepa kūloko i ka huakaʻi a ka mea hīmeni. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻokani pinepine ʻo Sutherland i kona ʻāina hānau. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kahua ma kāna kamaʻāina ʻo Sydney i ka makahiki 1990, e hana ana i ka ʻāpana o Marguerite ma Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots.
I Iune 1966, ma ka Covent Garden Theatre, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia no ka manawa mua ma ke ʻano he Maria ma ka opera ʻo Donizetti's Daughter of the Regiment, kahi mea kakaʻikahi loa i ke kahua hou. Ua hoʻokani ʻia kēia keaka no Sutherland a me New York i Pepeluali 1972. Sunny, aloha, manaʻoʻiʻo, hoʻopiʻi - he mau mea liʻiliʻi kēia o nā epithets e pono ai ka mea mele ma kēia hana poina ʻole.
ʻAʻole i hōʻemi ka mea mele i kāna hana hana i nā makahiki 70 a me 80. No laila, ma Seattle, USA i Nowemapa i ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokani ʻo Sutherland i nā hana wahine ʻehā ma ka mele mele mele a Offenbach The Tales of Hoffmann. ʻO ka hoʻohewa ʻana i kēia hana a ka mea mele i ka helu o kāna mea maikaʻi loa.
I ka makahiki 1977, hīmeni ka mea mele no ka manawa mua ma Covent Garden Mary Stuart ma ka opera a Donizetti o ka inoa like. Ma Lākana, i ka makahiki 1983, ua hīmeni hou ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau ʻāpana maikaʻi loa - ʻo Esclarmonde ma ka opera a Massenet o ka inoa like.
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 60, ua hana ʻo Sutherland i kahi hui pū me kāna kāne ʻo Richard Boninge. Me ia, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kāna mau mele. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou: "Anna Boleyn", "Ke kaikamahine a ka Regiment", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Love Potion" a me "Mary Stuart" na Donizetti; "Beatrice di Tenda", "Norma", "Puritanes" a me "Sleepwalker" na Bellini; ʻO Semiramide a Rossini, ʻo La Traviata a Verdi, nā Huguenots a Meyerbeer, ʻo Esclarmonde a Massenet.
Ua hana ka mea mele i kekahi o kāna mau mele maikaʻi loa ma ka opera Turandot me Zubin Meta. ʻO kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka opera kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma waena o kanakolu mau leo leo o ka haku mele a Puccini. ʻO Sutherland, ka mea ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole maʻamau o kēia ʻano pāʻina, kahi e pono ai ka hōʻike ʻana, i kekahi manawa e hōʻea i ka hana hoʻomāinoino, hoʻokele e hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona hou o ke kiʻi o Turandot ma aneʻi. Ua lilo ia i ʻoi aku ka "crystal", piercing a ʻano pale ʻole. Ma hope o ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana o ke aliʻi wahine, ua hoʻomaka ʻia kona ʻuhane ʻeha. Mai kēia wahi, ʻo ka hoʻololi kupanaha o ka nani puʻuwai paʻakikī i loko o kahi wahine aloha e lilo i mea kūpono.
Eia ka manao o VV Timokhin.
"ʻOiai ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻo Sutherland i Italia a ʻaʻohe ona leo leo Italia ma waena o kāna mau kumu, ua hana ka mea pena i inoa nona iho no kāna wehewehe maikaʻi ʻana i nā hana i nā ʻopera Italia o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻOiai ma ka leo o Sutherland - he mea kani kakaʻikahi, ʻokoʻa i ka nani a me nā ʻano kala kala - ʻike nā mea hoʻohewa i nā ʻano Italia: ʻālohilohi, ʻālohilohi, ʻoluʻolu, ʻālohilohi. ʻO nā leo o kona papa inoa luna, akaka, akaka a me ke kala, e like me ka ohe, ʻo ka papa inoa waena, me kona pumehana a me ka piha, hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o ke mele oboe ʻuhane, a me nā memo haʻahaʻa palupalu me he mea lā mai ka cello. ʻO ia ʻano momona o nā leo kani ka hopena o ka manawa lōʻihi i hana mua ai ʻo Sutherland ma ke ʻano he mezzo-soprano, a laila ma ke ʻano he soprano dramatic, a ma hope he coloratura. Ua kōkua kēia i ka mea mele e hoʻomaopopo pono i nā mea āpau o kona leo, ua nānā nui ʻo ia i ka papa inoa o luna, no ka mea, ʻo ka palena o kona hiki ke "hiki i" ke kolu o ka octave; i kēia manawa ua lawe maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka "fa".
No Sutherland kona leo e like me ka virtuoso piha me kāna mea kani. Akā nona, ʻaʻohe ʻenehana no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻenehana ponoʻī, ʻo kāna mau hana paʻakikī a pau i hoʻokō ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa o ka hana, i loko o ke kumu mele holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana.
