Ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke pihi accordion
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He mea kani makani ʻohe ʻo Bayan, akā i ka manawa like he mea kani kīpē. He "'ōpiopio" a ulu mau. Mai kona hana ʻana a hiki i kēia lā, ua nui ka nui o nā loli a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka pihi accordion.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hana leo, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mea kani, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o ʻekolu tausani mau makahiki. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi alelo metala e oscillating i loko o ke kahawai o ka ea ma nā mea kani, Kepanī a me Lao. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano o ka unuhi ʻana i nā leo mele i ka mea kani o Kina - sheng.
Ua hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala o ka accordion pihi mai ka manawa a no ka manawa mua kahi alelo metala e hoʻopuka ana i kahi kani i koi ʻia e haʻalulu mai ka lewa i kuhikuhi ʻia ʻaʻole mai ka māmā o kahi mea mele, akā mai kahi hulu kūikawā. (e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻeleʻele). ʻO kēia kumu o ka hānau ʻana o ke kani ke kumu o ka mea hana o kahi mea kani.
ʻO wai ka mea i haku i ke pihi accordion? Nui nā haku akamai i komo i ka hana ʻana i ke pihi accordion ma ke ʻano a mākou i ʻike ai. Akā ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻelua mau haku e hana kūʻokoʻa ana mai kekahi i kekahi: ʻo ka mea hoʻokani organ German Friedrich Buschmann a me ka haku Czech ʻo František Kirchner.
ʻO Kirchner i ka makahiki 1787 i manaʻo ai i ka hana ʻana i kahi mea kani, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu o ka neʻe oscillatory o kahi pā metala i loko o ke kolamu o ka ea ikaika e hoʻohana ana i kahi keʻena hulu kūikawā. Ua hana ʻo ia i nā prototypes mua.
ʻO Bushman, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke alelo oscillating ma ke ʻano he kani kani e hoʻokani ai i nā okana. Ua puhi wale ʻo ia i nā leo pololei me ke kōkua ʻana o kona mau māmā, he mea paʻakikī loa ia e hoʻohana i ka hana. No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokani, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Bushman i kahi mīkini i hoʻohana i kahi bellows kūikawā me kahi ukana.
I ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka mīkini, piʻi aʻe ka ukana a laila ʻomi i ke keʻena huluhulu me kona kaumaha ponoʻī, kahi i ʻae ai i ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e haʻalulu i ke alelo metala i loko o kahi pahu resonator kūikawā no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohui ʻo Bushman i nā leo hou i kāna hoʻolālā, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kēia ʻano hana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kino.
I ka makahiki 1829, ua lawe ka mea hana okana Viennese Cyril Demian i ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana i kahi mea kani me nā ʻohe a me kahi keʻena hulu. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi mea kani e pili ana i ka mīkini Bushman, ʻelua mau kīʻaha kūʻokoʻa a me ka hulu ma waena o lākou. Ma nā kī ʻehiku o ka papa keyboard ʻākau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokani i kahi mele, a ma nā kī hema - bass. Ua kapa ʻo Demian i kāna mea kani i ka accordion, waiho i kahi patent no ka mea i hana ʻia, a ma ia makahiki hoʻomaka e hana nui a kūʻai aku iā lākou.
ʻO nā accordions mua ma Rusia
Ma kahi o ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea kani like ma Rusia. I ke kauwela o 1830, ua loaʻa ʻo Ivan Sizov, ka haku o nā mea kaua ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Tula, i kahi mea hana ʻē aʻe ma ka fair - he accordion. I kona hoʻi ʻana i ka home, wehe ʻo ia a ʻike ʻo ia he maʻalahi loa ke kūkulu ʻana i ka harmonica. A laila, hana ʻo ia i mea hana like a kapa ʻia ʻo ia he accordion.
E like me Demian, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻo Ivan Sizov iā ia iho i ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi kope o ka mea kani, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hale hana accordion ma Tula. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mea kani ua loaʻa i kahi ʻano kaulana maoli. Ua kaulana mau ʻo Tula no kāna mau mea hana, a ʻo ka Tula accordion i manaʻo ʻia he kūlana o ka maikaʻi i kēia lā.
"ʻAe, aia i hea ke pihi accordion?" – ninau mai oe. ʻO nā accordion mua nā mea mua pololei o ka accordion pihi. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka accordion ʻo ia ke kani diatonically a hiki ke pāʻani i hoʻokahi kī nui a i ʻole kī liʻiliʻi. Ua lawa kēia no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻahaʻaina makaʻāinana, nā male mare a me nā ʻoliʻoli ʻē aʻe.
I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua mau ka accordion i mea kani maoli. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i paʻakikī loa ka hoʻolālā ʻana, me nā ʻano hana o ka accordion, ua hana pū kekahi mea hana.
I Kepakemapa 1907, ua hoʻolālā ka haku o St. Petersburg ʻo Pyotr Sterligov i kahi accordion i loaʻa i kahi unahi chromatic piha. Ua kapa ʻo Sterligov i kāna accordion he accordion, e hoʻohanohano iā Boyan, ka mea mele mele kaulana o Rūsia kahiko.
Mai ka makahiki 1907 i hoʻomaka ai ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka accordion pihi hou i Rusia. Ua lilo kēia mea kani i mea maʻalahi e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻokani pila ke pāʻani ma luna o ia mau mele mele a me kā lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me nā hoʻonohonoho accordion o nā hana kahiko.
I kēia manawa, kākau nā mea haku mele ʻoihana i nā haku mele no ka bayani, a ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa nā mea pāʻani accordion i nā mea hoʻokani pila o nā mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana loea i ka mea kani. I loko o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kula kumu hoʻokani pila.
I kēia mau manawa a pau, makemake mau ʻia ka accordion pihi, e like me ka accordion: ʻo kahi male male ʻole a i ʻole hoʻolauleʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā kuaʻāina, me ka ʻole o kēia mea kani. No laila, ua loaʻa i ke pihi accordion ke poʻo inoa o nā mea kani Lūkini.
ʻO kekahi o nā hana kaulana loa no ka accordion ʻo "Ferapontov Monastery" na Vl. Zolotarev. Ke kono nei mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻolohe iā ia i hana ʻia e Sergei Naiko. He koʻikoʻi kēia mele, akā naʻau loa.
ʻO Dmitry Bayanov ka mea kākau
