Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky |

ʻO Ivan Kozlovsky

Ua kākau ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana ʻo Vera Dulova:

"" Aia nā inoa i loko o ke kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia me kekahi ʻano mana kilokilo. ʻO ka haʻi wale ʻana iā lākou e lawe mai i ka ʻuhane i ka nani o nā mele. ʻO kēia mau ʻōlelo a ka mea haku mele Lūkini ʻo Serov hiki ke hoʻopili piha iā Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky - ka haʻaheo o kā mākou moʻomeheu lāhui.

Ua lohe au i ka leo o ka mea mele i hala aku nei. Pīhoihoi wale au, no ka mea, he hana hoʻokani kēlā me kēia mea. Eia, no ka laʻana, he hana me kahi inoa haʻahaʻa a maopopo - "Green Grove" - ​​no ka peni o kā mākou mea hou Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev. Kākau ʻia ma nā ʻōlelo kuʻuna, ua like ia me ke oli Lūkini ʻoiaʻiʻo. A pehea ke aloha, pehea ka hana ʻana o Kozlovsky.

Ke nānā mau nei ʻo ia. ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā ʻano hana hou, e hopu mau iā ia, akā i ka repertoire. Ua ʻike ka poʻe e hele ana i kāna ʻaha mele e hoʻokani mau ana ka mea mele i kahi mea hou, ʻike ʻole ʻia e kāna poʻe hoʻolohe a hiki i kēia manawa. E ʻōlelo hou aku au: ua piha kēlā me kēia papahana i kahi mea kupaianaha. Ua like ia me ke kali ʻana i kahi mea pohihihi, kahi hana mana. Ma keʻano laulā, manaʻo wau he mea pohihihi mau ke kiʻi ... "

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky ma Malaki 24, 1900 ma ke kauhale o Maryanovka, ka mokuʻo Kyiv. ʻO nā mele mele mua i ke ola o Vanya e pili ana me kona makuakāne, nāna i hīmeni nani a hoʻokani i ka harmonica Viennese. Ua aloha mua ke keiki i ke mele a me ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻokoʻa kona pepeiao a me ka leo maoli.

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i kona wā ʻōpio, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Vanya e hīmeni i ka hīmeni o ka Trinity People's House ma Kyiv. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua lilo ʻo Kozlovsky i mea mele o ka Bolshoi Academic Choir. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka papa mele e ka mea haku mele kaulana ʻo Ukrainian a me ka haku mele ʻo A. Koshyts, ka mea i lilo i kumu aʻoaʻo mua o ka mea mele akamai. ʻO ia ma ka ʻōlelo a Koshyts i ka makahiki 1917 ua komo ʻo Kozlovsky i ka Kyiv Music and Drama Institute ma ke keʻena leo, ma ka papa o Professor EA Muravieva.

Ma hope o kona puka 'ana me ka hanohano mai ke kula i ka makahiki 1920, ua hā'awi manawale'a 'o Ivan no ka Red Army. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia i ka 22nd Infantry Brigade o ka pūʻali ʻenekinia a hoʻouna ʻia i Poltava. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻae e hoʻohui i ka lawelawe me ka hana ʻaha mele, komo ʻo Kozlovsky i nā hana o ka Poltava Music and Drama Theatre. Ma ʻaneʻi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Kozlovsky ma ke ʻano he mea pena opera. Aia kāna repertoire arias ma "Natalka-Poltavka" a me "May Night" na Lysenko, "Eugene Onegin", "Demon", "Dubrovsky", "Pebble" na Moniuszko, nā ʻāpana kuleana a me nā ʻenehana paʻakikī e like me Faust, Alfred ("La Traviata ”), Duke (“Rigoletto”).

I ka makahiki 1924, komo ka mea mele i ka hui o ka Kharkov Opera House, kahi i kono ʻia ai ʻo ia e kona alakaʻi ʻo AM Pazovsky. ʻO kahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi loa ma Faust a me nā hana ma hope i hiki ai i ka mea pena kiʻi ke lawe i kahi kūlana alakaʻi i ka hui. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hōʻole ʻo ia i kahi makana hoʻowalewale a hanohano loa mai ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni kaulana ʻo Mariinsky, ua hōʻea ka mea pena kiʻi i ka Sverdlovsk Opera House. I ka makahiki 1926, ʻike mua ʻia ka inoa o Kozlovsky ma nā pepa hoʻolaha o Moscow. Ma ke kahua poʻokela, ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele ma ke kahua o ka lālā o ka Bolshoi Theatre ma ka ʻaoʻao o Alfred ma La Traviata. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo MM Ippolitov-Ivanov ma hope o ka hana ʻana: "He mea hoʻohiki kēia mea mele i ka hana kiʻi ..."

Ua hele mai ʻo Kozlovsky i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Bolshoi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka, akā ma ke ʻano he haku paʻa.

I ka manawa mua loa o ka hana a ka mea mele ʻōpio ma ka Bolshoi Theatre VI Nemirovich-Danchenko i haʻi iā ia i ka hopena o ka pāʻani "Romeo a me Juliet": "He kanaka koa ʻole ʻoe. Hele ʻoe e kūʻē i kēia manawa a ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻimi i nā mea aloha, e hoʻolei iā ʻoe iho i loko o kahi ʻino o nā kūʻē e ʻike nei ka hale keaka i kēia manawa. Ua maopopo iaʻu he mea paʻakikī iā ʻoe a he nui nā mea e hoʻoweliweli iā ʻoe, akā no ka mea ua hoʻoikaika ʻoe i kou manaʻo noʻonoʻo wiwo ʻole - a ʻike ʻia kēia i nā mea āpau - a ʻike ʻia kāu ʻano hana ponoʻī ma nā wahi āpau, ʻauʻau me ka hoʻomaha ʻole, e manaʻo i ke aloha o ka poʻe āu i ʻike ʻole ai.

Akā ʻo ka manaʻo o Natalia Shpiller: "I ka waena o iwakāluakūmālua, ua ʻike ʻia kahi inoa hou ma ka Bolshoi Theatre - Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. ʻO ke kani o ka leo, ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana, ka ʻikepili hana - ʻo nā mea a pau o ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio i kēlā manawa i hōʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole ikaika loa ka leo o Kozlovsky. Akā ʻo ka unuhi manuahi o ke kani, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hiki i ka mea mele ke "ʻoki" i nā ākea nui. Hiki iā Kozlovsky ke hīmeni me kekahi orkestra a me kekahi hui. E kani mau ana kona leo me ka akaka, ka leo nui, me ka ʻole o ke aka o ka haʻalulu. ʻO ka elasticity o ka hanu, ka maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi, ka maʻalahi ʻole i ka papa inoa o luna, ka diction maikaʻi loa - kahi leo leo maikaʻi ʻole, nāna i lawe i kona leo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka virtuosity i nā makahiki he nui ... "

I ka makahiki 1927, hīmeni ʻo Kozlovsky i ka Holy Fool, ka mea i lilo i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ka moʻolelo biography haku mele a me ka haku hana maoli i ka honua o nā hana hana. Mai kēia manawa, ua lilo kēia kiʻi i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka inoa o ka mea nāna i hana.

Eia ka mea a P. Pichugin i kākau ai: “… Lensky of Tchaikovsky and the Fool of Mussorgsky. He mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa i loko o nā mele mele mele Lūkini a pau i ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa, a hiki i kahi ʻano malihini i kā lākou mele mele aesthetics, nā kiʻi, a ʻoiai ʻo Lensky a me ka Holy Fool ua aneane like nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o Kozlovsky. Nui nā mea i kākau ʻia a ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i kēia mau ʻāpana o ka mea pena, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo hou e pili ana iā Yurodivy, ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e Kozlovsky me ka mana like ʻole, a ma kāna hana ʻana i ke ʻano o Pushkin i lilo i hōʻike nui o ka "hopena. o na kanaka”, ka leo o na kanaka, ka leo o kona ehaeha, ka aha i kona lunamanao. ʻO nā mea a pau i loko o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hana ʻia e Kozlovsky me ke akamai hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia, mai ka huaʻōlelo mua a hiki i ka huaʻōlelo hope āna i haʻi ai, mai ke mele naʻaupō o ka Holy Fool "E hiki mai ana ka mahina, e uē ana ka pipi" i ka huaʻōlelo kaulana "ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pule. no Tsar Herode” piha i ka hohonu hohonu, ka manaʻo a me ke ʻano, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola (a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kiʻi), ka mea e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai i kēia hana episodic i ka ʻaoʻao o ka pōʻino kiʻekiʻe loa ... Aia nā kuleana ma ka honua keaka (ma laila. He liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou!), Ka mea i hui lōʻihi i loko o kā mākou noʻonoʻo me kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mea keaka koʻikoʻi. Pela ka naaupo hemolele. E noho mau ʻo ia i loko o kā mākou hoʻomanaʻo e like me Yurodivy - Kozlovsky.

Mai ia manawa, ua hīmeni a hoʻokani ka mea pena kiʻi ma kahi o kanalima mau hana like ʻole ma ke kahua keaka. Ua kākau ʻo O. Dashevskaya: "Ma ke kahua o kēia hale keaka kaulana, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole - lyrical a epic, dramatic, a i kekahi manawa pōʻino. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou ka Astrologer ("The Golden Cockerel" na NA Rimsky-Korsakov) a me Jose ("Carmen" na G. Bizet), Lohengrin ("Lohengrin" na R. Wagner) a me ke Aliʻi ("Love for Three Oranges). ” na SS Prokofiev), ʻo Lensky lāua ʻo Berendey, ʻo Almaviva lāua ʻo Faust, ʻo Alfred a me Duke o Verdi - paʻakikī ke papa inoa i nā kuleana āpau. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka generalization philosophical me ka pololei o nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano, ua hana ʻo Kozlovsky i kahi kiʻi kūʻokoʻa i ka pono, ka hiki a me ka pololei noʻonoʻo. "Ua aloha kona mau ʻano, ua ʻeha, ua maʻalahi ko lākou mau manaʻo, kūlohelohe, hohonu a me ka puʻuwai," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ka mea mele EV Shumskaya.

I ka makahiki 1938, ma ke kumu o VI Nemirovich-Danchenko a ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Kozlovsky, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka State Opera Ensemble o ka USSR. ʻO ia mau mele kaulana e like me MP Maksakova, IS Patorzhinsky, MI Litvinenko-Wolgemuth, II Petrov, ma ke ʻano he mau kūkākūkā - AV Nezhdanov a me NS Golovanov. I loko o nā makahiki ʻekolu o ka noho ʻana o ka hui, ua hoʻokō ʻo Ivan Sergeevich i kekahi mau hana hoihoi o nā opera i ka hana ʻaha mele: "Werther" na J. Massenet, "Pagliacci" na R. Leoncavallo, "Orpheus" na K. Gluck , "Mozart and Salieri" na NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Katerina" NN Arcas, "Gianni Schicchi" na G. Puccini.

Eia ka mea a ka mea haku mele ʻo KA Korchmarev e pili ana i ka hana mua o ka hui, ʻo ka opera Werther: "Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pale ʻeleʻele kumu ma ka laulā āpau o ke kahua o ka Hale Nui o ka Conservatory. He translucent ko lākou luna: ʻike ʻia ka mea alakaʻi ma o nā slots, nā kakaka, nā vultures a me nā pū kani e ʻā ana i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ma mua o nā pale he mau mea maʻalahi, nā papaʻaina, nā noho. Ma kēia palapala, ua hana ʻo IS Kozlovsky i kāna ʻike alakaʻi mua…

Loaʻa i kekahi ka manaʻo piha o kahi hana, akā hoʻokahi kahi mele e pāʻani ai i kahi kuleana nui. Ma kēiaʻano, hiki iā Kozlovsky ke noʻonoʻo iā ia iho he lanakila. ʻO ka mea hoʻokani pila, aia ma ka paepae like me ka poʻe mele, kani maikaʻi i nā manawa a pau, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻopololei i ka poʻe mele. A i ka manawa like, ola nā kiʻi kahua. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohauʻoli, a mai kēia ʻaoʻao, hoʻohālikelike maʻalahi kēia hana me kekahi hana e hele ana ma ke kahua. ʻO kaʻike o Kozlovsky, e like me ka mea i'āponoʻia, pono ka nānā nui.

I ka wā o ke kaua, ua hāʻawi ʻo Kozlovsky, ma ke ʻano o nā brigades ʻaha mele, i mua o ka poʻe hakakā, hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele ma nā kūlanakauhale i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

I ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he soloist, hoʻomau ʻo Ivan Semenovich i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hana - ke hoʻokani nei i kekahi mau opera.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana, ua hoʻohui mau ʻo Kozlovsky i ke kahua opera me ke kahua ʻaha mele. ʻO kāna papa mele mele he mau haneli mau hana. Eia nā cantatas a Bach, ʻo Beethoven's cycle "To a Distant Beloved", ʻo Schumann's cycle "A Poet's Love", nā mele ʻo Ukrainian a me Lūkini. Noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e nā romances, ma waena o nā mea kākau - Glinka, Taneyev, Rachmaninov, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Medtner, Grechaninov, Varlamov, Bulakhov a me Gurilev.

P. Pichugin memo:

"He wahi koʻikoʻi i loko o ka repertoire keʻena o Kozlovsky e noho ʻia e nā mele kahiko Lūkini. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Kozlovsky i "ʻike" i ka nui o lākou no ka poʻe hoʻolohe, e like me ka laʻana, ʻo "Winter Evening" a M. Yakovlev a i ʻole "I Met You", i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kūikawā o kā lākou hana, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka salon sweetness a i ʻole sentimental hoʻopunipuni, kokoke kokoke i ka lewa o kēlā kūlohelohe, "home" hana mele, i ke ʻano o kēia mau momi liʻiliʻi o ka leo leo Lūkini. Ua haku ʻia a kani ʻia nā mele i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

I loko o kona ola noʻeau, hoʻomau ʻo Kozlovsky i ke aloha ʻole no nā mele ʻōiwi. ʻAʻohe pono e haʻi me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka mahanahana ʻo Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky e hīmeni ana i nā mele Ukrainian i aloha ʻia i kona puʻuwai. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kāna hana "Ua haʻahaʻa ka lā", "ʻAe, mai walaʻau ʻoe, he puddle", "Drive a Cossack", "Kahaha wau i ka lani", "Auē, aia ka uē ma ke kula" , "Inā wau i lawe i kahi bandura". Akā ʻo Kozlovsky kahi unuhi ʻōlelo kupanaha o nā mele ʻōiwi Lūkini pū kekahi. Ua lawa ka inoa o ka poʻe e like me "Linden centuries-old", "ʻAe, ʻoe, Kalinushka", "Ravens, wiwo ʻole", "ʻAʻohe ala i holo i ke kula." ʻO kēia hope loa na Kozlovsky he mele maoli, haʻi ʻia ka moʻolelo o ke ola holoʻokoʻa i kahi mele. Poina ʻole kona manaʻo. "

A i ka wā ʻelemakule, ʻaʻole hōʻemi ka mea pena kiʻi i ka hana hana. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi hanana koʻikoʻi i ke ola o ka ʻāina me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o Kozlovsky. Ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea mele, ua wehe ʻia kahi kula mele ma kona ʻāina hānau ma Maryanovka. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hana ʻoluʻolu ʻo Ivan Semenovich me nā leo leo liʻiliʻi, hoʻokani pū me kahi papa mele o nā haumāna.

Ua make ʻo Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky ma Dekemaba 24, 1993.

Ua kākau ʻo Boris Pokrovsky: "ʻO IS Kozlovsky kahi ʻaoʻao mālamalama i ka mōʻaukala o nā kiʻi opera Lūkini. Nā mele a ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻoliʻoli ʻo Tchaikovsky; ʻo ke aliʻi nui o Prokofiev i aloha me ʻekolu ʻalani; ʻO ka mea hoʻomanaʻo ʻōpio mau loa o ka nani Berendey a me ka mea mele o Rimsky-Korsakov ʻo "Indian mamao o nā hana mana", ka ʻelele uila o ka Grail o Richard Wagner; ke Duke hoowalewale o Mantua G. Verdi, kana Alfred hoomaha ole; ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻi hanohano ʻo Dubrovsky… Aia ma waena o ka papa inoa nui o nā hana maikaʻi loa i loko o ka moʻokalaleo hoʻomohala o IS Kozlovsky a me kahi haku hana ʻoiaʻiʻo - ke kiʻi o ka Fool ma ka opera a M. Mussorgsky "Boris Godunov". ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻi maʻamau i loko o ka hale opera he mea laha loa ... ʻO ke ola a me ka hana hoʻomohala o IS Kozlovsky he kumu hoʻohālike ia no ka poʻe a pau i lawe i ka ʻoihana kiʻi a lawelawe i ka poʻe me kāna ʻoihana.