Nā makana mele |

Nā makana mele - nā makana i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kiʻi o nā muses. art-va - haku mele, mea hoʻokani, haku mele, hoʻohewa, instr. nā haku, nā kumu, a pēlā aku no nā hana koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia kanaka a i ʻole no ka hui pū ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo. nā hoʻokō. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo P. ma muli o nā hopena o nā hoʻokūkū kūikawā i hoʻokumu ʻia (e nānā i nā Competitions), a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā aupuni. nā hui, nā mele like ʻole ob-in, account. nā keʻena, t-ditch, hale hoʻopuka, etc.; i nā ʻāina kapitalista - nā poʻe pilikino, nā philanthropists. Nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mele. Loaʻa nā mea i nā kenekulia 19 a me 20, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai i nā ʻāina he nui e hana i nā ʻano like ʻole. e pili ana-va a me ke kālā no ka paipai ʻana i nā mea hoʻokani pila. Ua ala pinepine lakou ma Geremania; E like me ke kānāwai, ua lawe lākou i nā inoa o nā haku haku nui—F. Mendelssohn, WA ​​Mozart, J. Meyerbeer, R. Wagner, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Rimskaya P. ma Parisa, a me ka Beethoven P. a me PP im. Paderevsky i ka USA, Glinkin's P. ma Rusia, ma hope - Roman P. ma Belgium (modeled on Paris), Mendelssohn scholarship in the UK, P. im. Schubert, JS Bach, L. Beethoven, L. Spohr i ka decomp. kulanakauhale o Geremania, a pela aku. Ka moolelo o ka haawi ana ia P. izdat. nā ʻoihana no ka op maikaʻi loa. kekahi ʻano; ae, mai con. Hāʻawi ka hale paʻi puke ʻo 19th century "Ricordi" (Italia) iā P. no nā mele operatic. Ma USA ma waena o nā mea nui - P. iā lākou. Pulitzer, lākou. J. Gershwin, lakou. C. Ditson, ka Ford and Guggenheim Foundations, a me na mea e ae. Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II (2–1939), ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau keʻena hoʻopaʻa leo ma ke kahua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻo ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana. nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia e nā intl kūikawā. Kiure ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika a me Iapana.

Ma ka USSR, ka makana Lenin (mai ka makahiki 1957) a me ka makana Moku'āina o ka USSR (1940-52 a mai ka makahiki 1967) i hāʻawi ʻia no nā hana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke kahua mele. ʻO Resp. ʻO Gos. P. Na hana o na mea hookani pila ma na uniona a me mn. repubalika autonomous o ka USSR: Azerbaijan. SSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o U. Hajibekova, c. 1966), Arm. SSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o A. Khachaturyan - no nā haku mele, a i kapa ʻia ʻo A. Danielyan - no nā mea hana, 1965), BSSR (1966), Georgia. SSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o Sh. Rustaveli, 1965), Kazakh. SSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o K. Baiseitovoy a i kapa ʻia ma hope o Kurmangazy, 1965), ʻo Kirg. SSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o Toktogula Satylganova, 1966), Latv. SSR (1957), Lit. SSR (1957), Mold. SSR (1965), RSFSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinki, 1965), Taj. SSR (im. Rudaki, 1963), Turkm. SSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o Makhtumkuli, 1966), Uzb. SSR (kapa ʻia ma hope o Hamzy, 1964), USSR (kapa ʻia ma hope o TG Shevchenko, 1961), Est. SSR (1957), Tat. ASSR (i kapa ʻia ma hope o G. Tukaya, 1958), Yakut. ASSR (1966) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Prisuzhdatus hoi P. Komite Kuwaena o ka VLKSM a me Central Komite o ka Komsomol o ka Union Republics, Central Komite o ka USSR a me na mea e ae. Nā hoʻoholo no ka hāʻawi ʻana iā Gos. P. ua paʻi ʻia ma ke kikowaena, resp. a me ka hōʻailona kūloko no ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka ʻOkakopa Revolution o 1917.

I kekahi socialist. nā ʻāina P. hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā mea mele i ka mokuʻāina. a me na ahahui. nā hui (ma Bulgaria - P. i kapaʻia ma hope o G. Dimitrov, ma Hungary - L. Kossuth, ma ka GDR - Nats. P., etc.).

MM Yakovlev