Wahi |

ital. anticipazione, Palani. a me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. ka manaʻo, germ. Antizipation, Vorausnahme

He kani non-chord (maʻamau pōkole, ma ka hope maʻalahi kuʻi), aie mai ka aʻe chord (ma keia mea, ka P. ʻo ia hoʻi, ke aniani kūʻē i ka mākaukau paʻa, aie mai ka mua chord). Abbr. ʻo ka inoa ma ka laʻana mele he im. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo P. ma ke ʻano he hoʻonā holomua (hoʻololi) o kekahi o nā leo i ke kani kūpono o ka chord e hiki mai ana (no laila, ʻaʻole lākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka "hoʻonā" o P.). He monophonic maʻamau ka P., akā hiki ke hana i ka polyphonic (pālua, triple P.), ʻoiai ma nā leo āpau i ka manawa like (chord P.; me ia ʻaʻohe kani like ʻole o nā leo chord a me nā leo ʻole).

ʻO kahi ʻano kūikawā ka lele P.; ʻO ka nui o nā cambiata (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "fuchsian cambiata") ʻoi aku ka lele P.

Loaʻa nā preforms i ka Middle Ages. monody (e ʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻina "Sanctus Spiritus" ma ka ʻatikala a Notker), a me ka polyphony kahiko, akā ʻo ka immaturity o ka chord-harmonic. ʻAʻole hiki i nā leka a me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana iā P. ma ke ʻano he mea i hana ʻia ma mua o ka Renaissance (e nānā iā G. de Machaux, 14th ballad "Je ne cuit pas" - "ʻAʻohe mea nāna e hāʻawi ʻo Cupid pēlā. nui nā pōmaikaʻi", nā pahu 1-2; hoʻopau pū i ka cadence ma ka ballad 8 "De desconfort"). I ke au o Josquin Despres, ua hana maoli ka P.. Mai ke kenekulia 16, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo P. ma ke ʻano he ʻano maʻamau, akā ua hoʻopiha piha ʻia ʻo polyphonic. melodics (kokoke i Palestrina). Mai ke kenekulia 17 (ʻoi loa mai ka hapa 2nd.) Loaʻa iā P. kahi ʻano hou o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻaʻole wale i ka leo contrapuntal, akā i ka chord holoʻokoʻa (ka manaʻo hou o P.). I ka 20th kenekulia P. hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka leo ʻaoʻao e hoʻopili i ka lokahi, ka vertical (SS Prokofiev, "Romeo and Juliet", "Montagues and Capulets", hoʻopau i ka cadence).

ʻO ka manaʻo, ua uhi kūikawā ʻia ka hanana o P. e Kr. Bernhard (haumāna a G. Schutz; waena o ke kenekulia 17). Ma ka mokuna 23 (“Von der Anticipatione Notae”), kāna Op. "Tractatus compositionis augmentatus" P. (ma lalo o ka inoa "anticipation") i manaʻo ʻia he "kiʻi" e hoʻonani i ke mele:

Ma ka ʻatikala "Von der Singe-Kunst oder Manier", ʻokoʻa ʻo Bernhard ma waena o ka "precedent of a note" (Anticipatione della nota; e ʻike i ka hiʻohiʻona ma luna) a me ka "mua o ka syllable" (Anticipatione della sillaba; e nānā i ka laʻana ma lalo nei. ).

Manaʻo pū ʻo JG Walter (hoʻomaka i ke kenekulia 18) iā P. ma waena o nā "kiʻi". Eia kekahi laʻana o ka "syllable rise" mai kāna puke "Praecepta ..." (ua ʻōlelo hou ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "Psallam" ma ka hapa ʻelua o ka pahu 2):

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kumumanaʻo hou o ka harmoni (e hoʻomaka ana i ke kenekulia 18), ua komo ka piano i ka hui o nā leo ʻole.

E hoʻomaopopo ': e nana ma Art. kani ʻole chord.

ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov