Virtuoso |

VIRTUOSIS (Italian virtuoso, mai Latin virtus - ikaika, wiwo ʻole, talent) - he mea hoʻokani pila (a me kekahi mea pena, mea pena, haku ma ke ʻano laulā), ka mea akamai i ka ʻenehana o kāna ʻoihana. Ma ke ʻano pololei o ka huaʻōlelo: he mea pena kiʻi i lanakila me ka wiwo ʻole (ʻo ia hoʻi me ka wiwo ʻole, me ka wiwo ʻole) i lanakila i ka ʻenehana. pilikia. I kēia manawa ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo "B." loaʻa wale i ke kenekulia 18. I ke kenekulia 17 ma Italia, ua kapa ʻia ʻo V. he mea pena kiʻi a ʻepekema paha; i ka hopena o ke kenekulia hoʻokahi, he mea hoʻokani pila ʻoihana, ʻokoʻa me ka amateur; ma hope, he mea hoʻokani pila, ʻokoʻa me ka haku mele. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i nā kenekulia 17 a me 18, a ʻo kekahi hapa i ke kenekulia 19. ʻO ka poʻe haku mele nui loa i ka manawa like nā haku mele nui (JS Bach, GF Handel, D. Scarlatti, WA Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Liszt, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).

ʻO ke koi a ka mea hoʻokani-V. pili pili ʻole me ka hoʻoikaika noʻeau e hoʻopio i ka lehulehu a kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hana. Ma keia mea he okoa loa ia mai ka mea i kapaia. virtuosity, me krom arts. ka waiwai o ke mele a me ka hana recedes i loko o ke kua a hiki i kaumaha aku i ka loea. akamai pāʻani. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maikaʻi me ka virtuosity. I nā kenekulia 17-18. loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōlelo ʻike ma ka ʻōlelo Italia. opera (nā mele castrati). I ke kenekulia 19, e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka romanticism. art-va, virtuoso will perform. ua hōʻea ka hana hana i kona pogee; mean i ka manawa like. wahi i loko o ka mele virtuosity no hoi noho i kona ola, i ka hopena i ka salon-virtuoso kuhikuhi. I kēlā manawa ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ʻāpana o ka FP. hoʻokō. Hiki i nā huahana hoʻokō pinepine unceremoniously hoʻololi, distorted, lako me spectacular pauku i hiki i ka piano ke hōʻike aku i ka fluency o kona mau manamana lima, hekili tremolos, bravura octaves, etc. Aia kekahi ano kūikawā o muses. palapala - nā pāʻani o ke ʻano salon-virtuoso, he waiwai liʻiliʻi i ka ʻoihana. mahalo, i manaʻo wale ʻia e hōʻike i ke ʻano pāʻani o ka mea hoʻokani i haku i kēia mau ʻāpana ("Sea Battle", "Battle of Jemappe", "The Devastation of Moscow" na Steibelt, "The Crazy" Kalkbrenner, "The Lion Awakening" na An. Kontsky, "Butterflies" a me nā unuhi na Rosenthal a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).

ʻO ka mana ʻino i hana ʻia e ka virtuosity i nā ʻono o ke kaiāulu ua hoʻāla maoli. ʻO ka huhū a me nā kū'ē'ē aʻe mai nā mea mele koʻikoʻi (ETA Hoffmann, R. Schumann, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, VF Odoevsky, AN Serov), ua hoʻokumu i ka manaʻo kānalua i ka virtuosity e like me ia: ua hoʻohana lākou i ka hua'ōlelo V. i ka hoohenehene. e hoʻolālā, e wehewehe ana he hoʻohewa. E pili ana i nā mea pena kiʻi nui, hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka huaʻōlelo "V." i hui pū me ka epithet "ʻoiaʻiʻo".

Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka virtuosity maoli - ka pāʻani o N. Paganini, F. Liszt (i ka manawa o ke oʻo); ʻO ka nui o nā mea hana koʻikoʻi o ka manawa ma hope e ʻike ʻia he ʻoiaʻiʻo V..

E hoʻomaopopo ': Hoffmann ETA, ʻElua Trios no ka pianoforte, violin a me cello op. 70, na L. van Beethoven. Nānā, «Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung», 1812/1813, то же, в кн.: Е.Т.A. Nā palapala mele a Hoffmann, Tl 3, Regensburg, 1921; Wagner R., The Virtuoso and the Artist, Collected Writings, Vol. 7, Lpz., 1914, pp. 63-76; Weissmann A., The Virtuoso, В., 1918; Вlaukopf К., virtuosos nui, W., 1954,2 1957; Pincherle M., Le monde des virtuoses, P., 1961.

GM Kogan