Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel |

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabela-Vrubel ma ʻApelila 1, 1868 i loko o kahi ʻohana o kahi ʻohana Ukrainian kahiko. ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Ivan Petrovich, he kanaka kīwila, makemake nui i ka pena kiʻi, mele a hāʻawi i ka hoʻonaʻauao versatile o kāna mau kaikamahine - ʻo Catherine lāua ʻo Nadezhda. Mai ka makahiki he ʻumi, ua aʻo ʻo Nadezhda ma ke Keʻena ʻo Kiev no Noble Maidens, kahi i puka ai ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1883 me kahi mekala kālā nui.

Mai ka makahiki 1885 a hiki i ka makahiki 1891, ua aʻo ʻo Nadezhda ma ka Conservatory o St. Petersburg, ma ka papa o Professor NA Iretskaya. "Pono ʻo Art i ke poʻo," wahi a Natalia Alexandrovna. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pilikia o ke komo ʻana, hoʻolohe mau ʻo ia i nā moho ma ka home, e ʻike hou aku iā lākou.

Eia ka mea a LG i kakau ai. Barsova: "Ua kūkulu ʻia ka palette o nā kala i nā leo impeccable: kahi leo maʻemaʻe, me he mea lā, e kahe mau ana a hoʻomau. ʻAʻole i keakea ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka leo i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka waha: "Hele nā ​​consonants, ʻaʻole paʻa, hīmeni lākou!" Ua koi ʻo Iretskaya. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻo ka leo hoʻopunipuni ka hewa nui loa, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hīmeni ʻana ʻo ia ka pōʻino nui loa - he hopena o ka hanu maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO kēia mau koi o Iretskaya he mea hou loa ia: "Pono ʻoe e paʻa i kou hanu ke hīmeni ʻoe i kahi huaʻōlelo - hanu maʻalahi, paʻa i kou diaphragm ke hīmeni ʻoe i kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana." Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻo Zabela i nā haʻawina o Iretskaya… "

Ke komo nei i ka hana haumāna "Fidelio" na Beethoven i ka lā 9 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1891, ua huki ʻia ka manaʻo o ka poʻe loea i ka mea mele ʻōpio nāna i hana i ka ʻāpana o Leonora. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe loiloi i ka "kula maikaʻi a me ka ʻike mele", "ka leo ikaika a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi", ʻoiai e kuhikuhi ana i ka nele o ka "hiki ke noho ma ke kahua".

Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, ʻo Nadezhda, ma ke kono a AG Rubinstein e hana i kahi huakaʻi huakaʻi ma Kelemānia. A laila hele ʻo ia i Paris - e hoʻomaikaʻi me M. Marchesi.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hana kahua o Zabela i ka makahiki 1893 ma Kyiv, ma ka I.Ya. Setov. Ma Kyiv, hana ʻo ia i nā kuleana o Nedda (Leoncavallo's Pagliacci), Elizabeth (Wagner's Tannhäuser), Mikaela (Bizet's Carmen), Mignon (Thomas 'Mignon), Tatiana (Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin), Gorislava (Ruslan and Lyudmila” na Glinka), Nā pilikia ("Nero" na Rubinstein).

ʻO ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi ka hana a Marguerite (Gounod's Faust), kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī a hōʻike ʻia i nā papa mele mele. Ke hana mau nei ʻo ia i ke kiʻi o Margarita, ua unuhi ʻo Zabela iā ia me ka maʻalahi. Eia kekahi o nā loiloi mai Kyiv: “Ms. ʻO Zabela, ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai no ka manawa mua ma kēia hana, ua hana ʻo ia i ke kiʻi papa mele, maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ma nā ʻōlelo leo, mai kona ʻike mua ʻana ma ke kahua ma ka hana ʻelua a mai ka mua akā ʻo ka memo o kāna wehe. recitative, mele impeccably, a hiki i ke kiʻi hope loa i loko o ka hale paʻahao o ka hana hope loa, ua hopu ʻo ia i ka manaʻo a me ke ʻano o ka lehulehu.

Ma hope o Kyiv, hana ʻo Zabela ma Tiflis, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kāna repertoire i nā kuleana o Gilda (Verdi's Rigoletto), Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Juliet (Gounod's Romeo and Juliet), Inea (Meyerbeer's African), Tamara (The Demon" na Rubinstein) , Maria (“Mazepa” na Tchaikovsky), Lisa (“The Queen of Spades” na Tchaikovsky).

I ka makahiki 1896, hana ʻo Zabela ma St. Petersburg, ma ka Panaevsky Theatre. Ma kekahi o nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa a Humperdinck's Hansel lāua ʻo Gretel, ua hui ʻo Nadezhda Ivanovna i kāna kāne e hiki mai ana. Penei kāna i haʻi mai ai no ia mea: "Ua kāhāhā au a ua ʻano pūʻiwa hoʻi i ka holo ʻana mai o kekahi keonimana i oʻu nei, a honi i kuʻu lima, hoʻōho maila: "He leo hoʻohiwahiwa!" Ua wikiwiki ʻo TS Lyubatovich e hoʻolauna mai iaʻu: "ʻO kā mākou mea pena ʻo Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel" - a ʻōlelo mai iaʻu: "He kanaka ākea loa, akā maikaʻi."

Ma hope o ka hana mua o Hansel lāua ʻo Gretel, lawe ʻo Zabela iā Vrubel i ka hale o Ge, kahi āna i noho ai. "Ua ʻike kona kaikuahine he ʻōpio ʻo Nadia a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, a ʻike ʻo ia ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aloha a kēia Vrubel i hoʻopuni iā ​​​​ia." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Vrubel ma hope mai "inā ua hōʻole ʻo ia iā ia, inā ua lawe ʻo ia i kona ola."

Ma Iulai 28, 1896, ua mālama ʻia ka male ʻana o Zabela lāua ʻo Vrubel ma Switzerland. Ua kākau ka wahine hou hauʻoli i kona kaikuahine: “Ma Mikh[ail Alexandrovich] ʻike au i nā pono hou i kēlā me kēia lā; ʻO ka mea mua, he ʻano akahai a he lokomaikaʻi ʻo ia, hoʻopā wale, ʻo ia hoʻi, leʻaleʻa mau wau a maʻalahi hoʻi me ia. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au i kona mākaukau e pili ana i ka hīmeni ʻana, he mea pono ia iaʻu, a me he mea lā e hiki iaʻu ke hoʻoikaika iā ia.

E like me ka mea i aloha nui ʻia, ua koho ʻo Zabela i ke kuleana o Tatiana ma Eugene Onegin. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia no ka manawa mua ma Kyiv, ma Tiflis ua koho ʻo ia i kēia ʻāpana no kāna hana pono, a ma Kharkov no kāna hana mua. Ua haʻi ʻo M. Dulova, he mele ʻōpio ʻo ia e pili ana i kona ʻike mua ʻana ma ke kahua o ka Kharkov Opera Theatre ma Kepakemapa 18, 1896 i kāna mau moʻolelo: "Ua hana ʻo Nadezhda Ivanovna i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi i nā mea āpau: me kona helehelena, ka lole, ke ʻano ... Tatyana – Zabela. ʻO Nadezhda Ivanovna he nani a he nani. Maikaʻi ka pāʻani "Onegin". Ua ulu kāna talena ma ka Mamontov Theatre, kahi i kono ʻia ai ʻo ia e Savva Ivanovich i ka hāʻule o 1897 me kāna kāne. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu kona hālāwai ʻana me ka mele Rimsky-Korsakov.

No ka manawa mua, lohe ʻo Rimsky-Korsakov i ka mea mele ma Dekemaba 30, 1897 ma ka ʻāpana o Volkhova ma Sadko. "Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i koʻu hopohopo, e kamaʻilio ana i mua o ka mea kākau i kahi pāʻani paʻakikī," wahi a Zabela. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hopohopo. Ma hope o ka lua o ke kiʻi, ua hālāwai au me Nikolai Andreevich a loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻae piha mai iā ia.

ʻO ke kiʻi o Volkhova i pili i ke ʻano o ka mea pena. Ua kākau ʻo Ossovsky: "Ke hīmeni ʻo ia, me he mea lā e lele ana nā hihiʻo incorporeal i mua o kou mau maka, akahai a ... aneane paʻakikī ... Ke loaʻa iā lākou ke kaumaha, ʻaʻole ia he kaumaha, akā he kanikau hohonu, me ka ʻōhumu ʻole a me ka manaʻolana."

Ua kākau ʻo Rimsky-Korsakov iā ia iho, ma hope o Sadko, i ka mea pena: "ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua haku ʻoe i ke Kamāliʻiwahine Sea, ua hana ʻoe i kāna kiʻi ma ke mele a ma ke kahua, e mau loa me ʻoe i koʻu manaʻo ..."

Ma hope koke iho ua hoʻomaka ʻo Zabela-Vrubel e kapa ʻia ʻo "Korsakov mele". Ua lilo ʻo ia i protagonist i ka hana ʻana o ia mau masterpieces e Rimsky-Korsakov e like me The Pskovite Woman, May Night, The Snow Maiden, Mozart and Salieri, The Tsar's Bride, Vera Sheloga, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, "Koschei the Deathless".

ʻAʻole i hūnāʻo Rimsky-Korsakov i kona pilina me ka mea mele. E pili ana i ka Maid of Pskov, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Ma ka laulā, manaʻo wau ʻo Olga kāu kuleana maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole wau i uku ʻia e ke alo o Chaliapin iā ia iho ma ke kahua." No ka ʻaoʻao o ka Snow Maiden, ua loaʻa pū ʻo Zabela-Vrubel i ka mahalo kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mea kākau: "ʻAʻole au i lohe i kahi mele ʻo Snow Maiden e like me Nadezhda Ivanovna ma mua."

Ua kākau koke ʻo Rimsky-Korsakov i kekahi o kāna mau mele aloha a me kāna mau hana operatic e pili ana i nā mea hana kiʻi o Zabela-Vrubel. Eia ka mea e pono ai ke kapa inoa iā Vera ("Boyarina Vera Sheloga"), a me ke Kamāliʻiwahine Swan ("The Tale of Tsar Saltan"), a me ke Kamāliʻiwahine Beloved Beauty ("Koschei the Immortal"), a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Marfa, ma "Ka wahine mare a Tsar".

Ma ʻOkakopa 22, 1899, ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ka Tsar's Bride. Ma kēia pāʻani, ua ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kālena a Zabela-Vrubel. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea mele o ka ʻuhane wahine, nā moeʻuhane mālie wahine, ke aloha a me ke kaumaha. A i ka manawa like, ka maʻemaʻe aniani o ka ʻenekinia kani, ke aniani aniani o ka timbre, ka palupalu kūikawā o ka cantilena.

Ua kākauʻo I. Lipaev ka mea hoʻohewa: "Ms. Ua lilo ʻo Zabela i Marfa nani, piha i nā neʻe akahai, haʻahaʻa like me ka manu nūnū, a ma kona leo, mehana, hōʻike, ʻaʻole hilahila i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pāʻina, nā mea a pau i hoʻopio ʻia e ka mele a me ka nani ... ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Zabela i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻO Dunyasha, me Lykov, kahi i loaʻa iā ia ke aloha a me ka manaʻolana no ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana hope loa, i ka wā i ʻona ai ka potion i ka mea ʻilihune a ʻo ka lono o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana iā Lykov e hoʻoheheʻe iā ia. A ma ka laulā, ua ʻike ʻo Marfa i kahi mea pena kiʻi ma ke ʻano o Zabela.

Manaʻo manaʻo mai kekahi mea hoʻohewa, ʻo Kashkin: “Hīmeni maikaʻi ʻo Zabela i ka aria [Martha]. Pono kēia helu i nā ʻano leo ʻokoʻa, a ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe mele i loaʻa kahi mezza voche maikaʻi loa i ka papa inoa kiʻekiʻe loa e like me ka Zabela flaunts. He paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kēia mele ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia aria. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka aria o ka pupule ʻo Martha i hana ʻia e Zabela ma kahi ʻano hoʻopā a me ke ʻano mele, me ka manaʻo nui. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi pū ʻo Engel i ka hīmeni ʻana a me ka hoʻokani ʻana a Zabela: “Maikaʻi loa ʻo Marfa [Zabela], nani ka pumehana a me ka hoʻopā ʻana i kona leo a me kāna hana keaka! Ma keʻano laulā, ua aneane holomua ka hana hou no ka mea hana keaka; Hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa i kekahi ʻano mezza voche, ʻoiai ma nā memo kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi ana iā Marfa i kēlā halo o ke akahai, haʻahaʻa a haʻalele i ka hopena, i koʻu manaʻo, ua huki ʻia i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka haku mele.

ʻO Zabela-Vrubel ma ke kuleana o Martha i hana nui iā OL Knipper, nāna i kākau iā Chekhov: "I nehinei i ka opera, ua hoʻolohe wau i ka Tsar's Bride no ka lua o ka manawa. He mele kupanaha, maalea, nani! A nani a maʻalahi hoʻi ʻo Marfa Zabela i ke mele a me ka hoʻokani. Ua uē maikaʻi wau i ka hana hope loa - ua hoʻopā ʻo ia iaʻu. Ke alakaʻi wale nei ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka pupule, maopopo kona leo, kiʻekiʻe, palupalu, ʻaʻohe leo leo nui, a me nā moena. Ua piha ke kiʻi holoʻokoʻa o Martha i ka ʻoluʻolu, ka mele, ka maʻemaʻe - ʻaʻole ia e puka i waho o koʻu poʻo. ”

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka repertoire opera a Zabela i ke mele a ka mea kākau o The Tsar's Bride. He Antonida maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ma Ivan Susanin, hīmeni ʻo ia iā Iolanta me ka ʻuhane ma ka opera a Tchaikovsky o ka inoa like, ua lanakila ʻo ia ma ke kiʻi o Mimi ma Puccini's La Boheme. Akā naʻe, ua hoʻopuka nā wahine Lūkini o Rimsky-Korsakov i ka pane nui loa i loko o kona ʻuhane. ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia kāna mau aloha i ke kumu o ka repertoire keʻena o Zabela-Vrubel.

I ka hopena kaumaha loa o ka mea mele, aia kekahi mea mai nā heroine o Rimsky-Korsakov. I ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1901, he keiki kāne ʻo Nadezhda Ivanovna, ʻo Savva. Akā, ʻelua makahiki ma hope mai, ua maʻi ʻo ia a make. Hoʻohui ʻia ka maʻi noʻonoʻo o kāna kāne. Ua make ʻo Vrubel i ʻApelila 1910. A ʻo kāna ʻoihana hoʻomohala ponoʻī, ma ka liʻiliʻi o ke keaka, he pōkole loa. Ma hope o ʻelima mau makahiki o nā hana maikaʻi ma ke kahua o ka Moscow Private Opera, mai 1904 a 1911 Zabela-Vrubel i lawelawe ma ka Mariinsky Theatre.

ʻO ka Mariinsky Theatre kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, akā ua nele i ka lewa o ka hoʻolauleʻa a me ke aloha i noho aliʻi ma ka Mamontov Theatre. Ua kākau ʻo MF Gnesin me ka huhū: "I koʻu hiki ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Sadko me kona komo ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kekahi o kāna ʻike ʻole i ka hana. ʻO kona helehelena, a me kāna hīmeni ʻana, he mau mea hoʻohiwahiwa ia iaʻu, akā naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mua, me he mea lā, he pena wai ʻoluʻolu a ʻano ʻūlū, e hoʻomanaʻo wale ana i ke kiʻi i pena ʻia me ka pena ʻaila. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mele o kona kahua kahua. Ua ʻike ʻia ka maloʻo maloʻo o nā hana ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mokuʻāina i nā mea āpau.

Ma ke kahua imperial, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia kahi manawa e hana ai i ka ʻāpana o Fevronia ma ka opera a Rimsky-Korsakov ʻO The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh. A ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe o kēia wā ma ke kahua ʻaha mele ua kani maikaʻi kēia ʻāpana iā ia.

Akā, ua hoʻomau nā keʻena ahiahi o Zabela-Vrubel i ka manaʻo o nā connoisseurs maoli. ʻO kāna ʻaha mele hope loa i mālama ʻia ma Iune 1913, a ma Iulai 4, 1913, make ʻo Nadezhda Ivanovna.