Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky |

Semen Hulak-Artemovsky

Nā mele no Little Russia - nā mea a pau; a me ka poema, a me ka moolelo, a me ka lua kupapau o ka makua… He lokahi lakou a pau, he ala, he ano like ole. N. Gogol

Ma ka ʻāina momona o nā mele poʻe Ukrainian, ua ulu ka talena o ka mea haku mele kaulana a me ka mele S. Gulak-Artemovsky. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Gulak-Artemovsky i loko o ka ʻohana o ke kahunapule kauhale e hahai i nā wāwae o kona makuakāne, akā ua uhaʻi ʻia kēia kuʻuna ʻohana e ka makemake nui o ke keiki no ke mele. I ke komo ʻana i ke kula Theological Kiev i ka makahiki 1824, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Semyon e aʻo maikaʻi, akā naʻe, ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i nā kumuhana theological, a ua ʻike ʻia kēia helu ma ka palapala hōʻoia o ka haumāna: "nā mana maikaʻi, palaualelo a palaualelo, nā kūleʻa liʻiliʻi." He mea maʻalahi ka pane: ua hāʻawi ka mea hoʻokani mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hīmeni ʻana i ka hīmeni, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ma nā papa ma ke kula, a ma hope aku i ka seminary. Ua ʻike ʻia ka treble kani o ka mea mele liʻiliʻi e kekahi mea akamai i ka hīmeni ʻana, he loea i ka moʻomeheu hīmeni Lūkini, ʻo Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitikov). A i kēia manawa, aia ʻo Semyon i loko o ka hui mele metropolitan o St. Sophia Cathedral ma Kyiv, a laila - i ka papa mele o ka Mikhailovsky Monastery. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻomaopopo ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka moʻomeheu kahiko o ke mele mele.

I ka makahiki 1838, lohe ʻo M. Glinka i ke mele ʻana o Gulak-Artemovsky, a ua hoʻololi kēia hālāwai i ka hopena o ka mea mele ʻōpio: ua hahai ʻo ia iā Glinka i St. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o kahi hoaaloha kahiko a me ke kumu aʻoaʻo, ʻo Gulak-Artemovsky, i loko o kahi manawa pōkole, hele ʻo ia ma ke kula o ka hoʻomohala mele a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa leo. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kāna mau manaʻo noʻeau holomua ma ka kamaʻilio ʻana me ka pōʻai o Glinka o nā hoaaloha - ka mea pena K. Bryullov, ka mea kākau N. Kukolnik, nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻo G. Lomakin, O. Petrov a me A. Petrova-Vorobyeva. I ka manawa like, ua kamaʻāina ʻo T. Shevchenko, kahi kamaʻāina me ka poʻe mele Ukrainian koʻikoʻi-kipi, i lilo i hoaaloha maoli. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Glinka, ua hoʻomaopopo mau ka mea haku mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā mea huna o ka haku leo ​​a me nā kānāwai o ka loiloi mele. ʻO ka opera "Ruslan a me Lyudmila" i kēlā manawa nā manaʻo o Glinka, nāna i kākau e pili ana i nā papa me Gulak-Artemovsky: "Ke hoʻomākaukau nei au iā ia e lilo i mea mele keaka a ke manaʻo nei au ʻaʻole e makehewa kaʻu mau hana ..." ʻike ʻo Glinka. i ka mea hoʻokani pila ka mea hoʻokani o ka hapa o Ruslan. No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaohi ʻana o ke kahua a lanakila i nā hemahema o ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻo Gulak-Artemovsky, ma ke koi ʻana o kahi hoaaloha kahiko, hana pinepine ʻia i nā ahiahi mele like ʻole. Ua wehewehe kekahi o kēia wā i kāna hīmeni ʻana penei: “He hou a nui ka leo; ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i hoʻopuka iki i ke ʻano a me ka ʻōlelo me ka makemake loa ... He mea hoʻonāukiuki, makemake au e mahalo, akā ua komo ka ʻakaʻaka.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ke kumu akamai i lawe mai i nā hopena maikaʻi: ʻo ka ʻaha mele mua o Gulak-Artemovsky ua lanakila nui. Ua ulu aʻe ke kālena leo a me ka haku mele o ka mea hoʻokani pila ma muli o kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi i Paris a me Italia, i hana ʻia ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Glinka me ke kākoʻo kālā o ka mea aloha P. Demidov i 1839-41. ʻO nā hana kūleʻa ma ke kahua opera ma Florence i wehe i ke ala no Gulak-Artemovsky i ke kahua imperial ma St. Petersburg. Mai Mei 1842 a i Nowemapa i ka makahiki 1865 he lālā mau ka mea mele no ka hui keaka. ʻAʻoleʻo ia i hana ma St. Petersburg wale nō, akā ma Moscow (1846-50, 1864-65), ua hele pūʻo ia ma nā kūlanakauhale panalāʻau - Tula, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh. Ma waena o nā hana he nui o Gulak-Artemovsky ma nā opera e V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, KM Weber, G. Verdi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hana nani o ka hana a Ruslan. I ka lohe ʻana i ka opera "Ruslan lāua ʻo Lyudmila", kākau ʻo Shevchenko: "He opera! ʻOi loa ke hīmeni ʻo Artemovsky iā Ruslan, ʻoki ʻoe i ke kua o kou poʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo! He mea hīmeni maikaʻi - ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻōlelo i kekahi mea. Ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o kona leo, haʻalele ʻo Gulak-Artemovsky i ke kahua i ka makahiki 1865 a hoʻopau i kona mau makahiki hope loa ma Moscow, kahi i haʻahaʻa loa ai kona ola.

ʻO kahi manaʻo maʻalahi o ka hana keaka a me ka hilinaʻi i ka mea mele maoli - ka moʻolelo ʻo Ukrainian - ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā haku mele a Gulak-Artemovsky. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e pili pono ana i nā hana keaka a me nā hana ʻahamele a ka mea kākau. ʻO kēia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ai nā romances, nā hoʻololi ʻana o nā mele Ukrainian a me nā mele kumu i ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe, a me nā mele nui a me nā hana hana - ka leo a me ka choreographic divertissement "Ukrainian Wedding" (1852), mele no kāna comedy-vaudeville "The Night". on the Eve of Midsummer Day” (1852), mele no ke keaka The Destroyers of Ships (1853). ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi o Gulak-Artemovsky - he keaka mele me nā kamaʻilio kamaʻilio "The Cossack beyond the Danube" (1863) - e hui pū me ka hauʻoli kanaka maikaʻi a me nā kumu heroic-patriotic. Hōʻike ka hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kālena o ka mea kākau, nāna i kākau i ka libretto a me ke mele, a hoʻokani pū i ke poʻo inoa. Petersburg nā mea hoʻohewa i ka holomua o ka premiere: "Mr. Ua hōʻike ʻo Artemovsky i kāna talena comedic maikaʻi. Ua piha kāna pāʻani i ka comedy: i ke alo o Karas, hōʻike ʻo ia i ke ʻano kūpono o Cossack. Ua hiki i ka mea haku mele ke hōʻike aku i ke mele ʻoluʻolu a me nā mākau hula hulahula o nā mele Ukrainian me ka maopopo loa i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kāna mau mele me nā mele. No laila, kaulana lākou ma Ukraine me ka moʻolelo. Ua ʻike ka poʻe hoʻolohe akamai i ka lāhui maoli o ka opera i ka manawa mua. Ua kākau ka mea nānā i ka nūpepa "Son of the Fatherland": "ʻO ka waiwai nui o Mr. Artemovsky,ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka opera comic, e hōʻoia ana i ka maikaʻi e hiki ai ke aʻa i ko mākou'āina, a ma ka manaʻo o ka poʻe; ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻolauna mai i kahi mea hoʻohenehene maoli iā mākou ma ko mākou kahua ... a maopopo iaʻu me kēlā me kēia hana e ulu ana kāna kūleʻa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, paʻa mau nā mele a Hulak-Artemovsky i ko lākou koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he opera Ukrainian mua, akā he hana hoʻohiwahiwa a nani hoʻi.

N. Zabolotnaya