ʻO Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (Wiener Philharmoniker) |

ʻO Wiener Philharmoniker

ʻO ka orchestra ʻaha mele mua loa ma Austria, kekahi o nā mea kahiko loa ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka haku mele a me ke alakaʻi ʻo Otto Nicolai, ka mea hoʻohewa a me ka mea hoʻopuka ʻo A. Schmidt, ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo K. Holz a me ka haku mele N. Lenau. Ua mālama ʻia ka ʻaha mele mua o ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ma Malaki 28, 1842, i alakaʻi ʻia e O. Nicolai. ʻO ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra nā mea hoʻokani pila mai ka Vienna Opera Orchestra. Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei ka ʻaha mele e ke kōmike o 10 mau kānaka. I ka hoʻomaka, hana ka hui ma lalo o ka inoa "Orchestral Staff of the Imperial Court Opera". Ma ka makahiki 60. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho o ka hana a ka orchestra, i mālama ʻia a hiki i kēia lā: hāʻawi ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka pōʻai o ʻewalu mau ʻahamele inoa inoa Sabati, i hana hou ʻia i ka Pōʻakahi (ua mua lākou e nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ākea kuʻuna). Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻaha mele maʻamau, mālama ʻia kēia mau mea i kēlā me kēia makahiki: he ʻaha mele no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hui ʻo O. Nicolai, kahi ʻaha mele koʻikoʻi o ka New Year mai nā hana o nā mele māmā Viennese a me nā ʻaha mele ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia nā ʻaha mele o ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ma ka Hale Nui o Vienna Musikverein i ke ao.

Ua lilo ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra i wahi koʻikoʻi i ke ola mele o ka ʻāina. Mai ka makahiki 1860, hana ʻia ka mea hoʻokani pila ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kona mau alakaʻi mau - O. Dessoff (1861-75), X. Richter (1875-98), G. Mahler (1898-1901). Ua hoʻonui nui ʻo Richter lāua ʻo Mahler i kā lākou repertoire, me nā hana a nā mea haku mele mai nā ʻāina like ʻole (A. Dvorak, B. Smetana, Z. Fibich, P. Tchaikovsky, C. Saint-Saens, etc.). Ua alakaʻi ʻia e Richter, hele mua ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra i Salzburg (1877), a ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Mahler i ka huakaʻi mua ma waho (Paris, 1900). Ua kono ʻia nā haku mele nui ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi huakaʻi: mai 1862, ʻo I. Brahms, a me R. Wagner (1872, 1875), A. Bruckner (1873), a me G. Verdi (1875), i hoʻokani pinepine ʻia me ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.

Ma ka 20th century, ua alakaʻiʻia ka hui e nā alakaʻi kaulana F. Weingartner (1908-27), W. Furtwängler (1927-30, 1938-45), G. Karajan (1956-64). F. Schalk, F. Motl, K. Muck, A. Nikisch, E. Schuh, B. Walter, A. Toscanini, K. Schuricht, G. Knappertsbusch, V. De Sabata, K. Kraus, K Böhm; mai 1906 (a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola) hana ʻo R. Strauss me ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, nāna i kākau iā Solemn Fanfare no ka orchestra (1924). Mai ka makahiki 1965 e hana pū ana ka orchestra me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi huakaʻi. Ma waena o nā hana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, ʻo ia ka hana mele a J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, R. Schumann, J. Brahms, A. Bruckner, H. Mahler, a pēlā pū kekahi. R. Wagner, R. Strauss. Mai ka makahiki 1917 ʻo Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka Salzburg Festivals.

Aia ma kahi o 120 ka poʻe o ka orchestra. ʻO nā lālā o ka Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra kekahi mau lālā o nā hui like ʻole, me ka Barilli a me Concerthaus quartets, ka Vienna Octet, a me ka Wind Ensemble o ka Vienna Philharmonic. Ua huakaʻi pinepine ka orchestra iā ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika (ma USSR - i ka makahiki 1962 a me 1971).

MM Yakovlev

Loaʻa ka orchestra i ka wahi mua ma nā pae honua āpau. Mai ka makahiki 1933, ke hana nei ka hui me ka ʻole o ke alakaʻi kiʻi, e koho ana i ke ala o ke aupuni aupuni democratic. Hoʻoponopono ka poʻe mele ma nā hālāwai nui i nā pilikia hoʻonohonoho a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e hoʻoholo ana i ke alakaʻi e kono ai i ka manawa aʻe. A i ka manawa like, hana lākou i ʻelua mau orkestra i ka manawa like, aia ma ka lawelawe aupuni ma Vienna Opera. ʻO ka poʻe makemake e komo i ka Philharmonic Orchestra, pono lākou e hoʻolohe i ka opera a hana ma laila no ʻekolu mau makahiki. No hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki, he kāne wale nō ka hui. Ua ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o nā wahine mua i ʻae ʻia ma laila i ka hopena o 1990s ma nā uhi o nā nūpepa a me nā nūpepa.