Spinet

ʻO SPINET (Italian spinetta, French epinette, Spanish espineta, German Spinett, mai Latin spina - kākalaioa, kākalaioa) he mea kani liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka home keyboard-ʻohi ʻia i nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth. E like me ke kānāwai, ʻo ia ka papapihi a ʻaʻohe ona wāwae ponoʻī. He ʻano cembalo (harpsichord).

Ma waho, ua like ka spinet me ka piano. He kino e kū ana ma nā kū ʻehā. Loaʻa iā 3-6-coal trapezoidal a i ʻole ke ʻano oval (e like me ka rectangular virginal).

ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ke kino ke kīpē. Aia kahi uhi ma luna, hāpai ʻia e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā kaula, nā maʻi hoʻopono a me ke kumu. Aia kēia mau mea a pau i ka umu. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kani ke hiki i ke kanawalu kenimika, a ʻo ka laulā - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika.

Pili kēlā me kēia kī i 1 kaula. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻano harpsichord ʻē aʻe, ua ʻoki ʻia nā kaula spinet ma ka ʻākau o ka papa keyboard. He 1 manual ka spinet, he 2-4 octaves ka laulā.

ʻO ke kumu o ka inoa "spinet" (mai ka "thorn") e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano hana leo - hana ʻia ma ka huki ʻana ("pinch") i ke kaula me ka ʻoi o ke kumu o ka hulu manu. Hoʻokani ʻia ka spinet i ka hapalima a i ʻole ka octave kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka grand vane.

ʻO nā spinets mua loa mai Italia mai a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 5. Ma waena o lākou, he nui nā mea kani o 6 a i ʻole 1493-ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao (me kahi keyboard ma ka ʻaoʻao lōʻihi loa). ʻO ka mea hoʻohālike mua loa i ola i hana ʻia e A. Passy ma Modena (Italia), ka lua spinet, a me ka hana Italia (XNUMX), mālama ʻia ma Cologne.

Aia nā mea kani 2 (1565 a me 1593) i ka State Central Museum of Musical Culture i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinka ma Moscow.

Ma Italia, ua hana ʻia nā ʻēheu ʻēheu o ke ʻano i kaulana loa ma ʻEnelani, e neʻe ana i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻo ka puʻupaʻa rectangular ka mea kani maʻamau no ka hana mele home. Ua hana ʻia nā kino o nā spinets i ka ʻeboni, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea waiwai - ʻelepani, makuahine o ka momi.

Ua kau ʻia nā ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka poʻi hinged: "Gloria in excelsis" (lat.) - "Glory in heaven" a i ʻole "Haec fac ut felix vivis" (lat.) - "E hana ʻoe i ola hauʻoli." ʻO ke kāhiko waiwai i hana ʻia e like me ke kāhiko o ka hale me nā lako nani. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi pahu wōnati, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka poʻi me nā wili keleawe lahilahi, a he ʻoka a i ʻole ka mahogany.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ka spinet no ka hana mele hoʻokahi a me ke keʻena home. ʻO nā spinets liʻiliʻi, i hoʻokani ʻia i kahi octave i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka notation mele (Italian spinetti a i ʻole ottavina), i hana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā pahu hana lima, nā puke, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hoʻonani ʻia me ke kiʻi, ke kālai ʻia, a me ke kālai ʻia.

Ma Rusia noho hookolokolo ma con. ʻO ke kenekulia 17 aia nā spinets i kapa ʻia ʻo "okhtavki". I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka spinet ma mua o kahi mea kani, akā ʻaʻole kēia he axiom. I kēia mau lā, hiki i kekahi ke haʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoihoi i nā mea hana o ka wā kahiko. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻike ai ka spinet i kahi hānau hou, ʻo ia ka mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka moʻomeheu mele honua.