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Paulo o Sarasate

Sarasate. Aloha Andalusia →

He mea kupanaha ka Sarasate. ʻO ke ʻano o kāna violin ke kani ʻole ʻia e kekahi. L. Auer

ʻO ka violinist Spanish a me ka haku mele ʻo P. Sarasate he mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi o ka hana virtuoso ola mau. "ʻO Paganini o ka hopena o ke kenekulia, ke aliʻi o ke akamai o ka cadence, he mea pena kiʻi lā," ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Sarasate e kona mau hoa. ʻO nā mea kūʻē nui o ka pono ma ke akamai, ʻo I. Joachim lāua ʻo L. Auer, kūlou i mua o kāna mea kani kupanaha. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Sarasate i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi pūʻali koa. Ua hele pū ʻo Glory me ia mai nā ʻanuʻu mua o kāna ʻoihana kiʻi. I ka makahiki 8 ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna mau ʻaha mele mua ma La Coruña a laila ma Madrid. ʻO ka Mō'īwahine Sepania Isabella, mahalo i ke kālena o ka mea hoʻokani mele liʻiliʻi, hāʻawi iā Sarasate me kahi violin A. Stradivari a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi haʻawina e aʻo ai ma ka Conservatory Paris.

Hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana ma ka papa o D. Alar i lawa no ka violinist he ʻumikumamākolu makahiki e puka ai mai kekahi o nā conservatories maikaʻi loa o ka honua me ka mekala gula. Eia naʻe, manaʻo ʻo ia i ka pono e hoʻonui i kāna ʻike mele a me ka ʻike, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele no 2 mau makahiki. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna aʻo ʻana, hana ʻo Sarasate i nā huakaʻi ʻaha mele i ʻEulopa a me Asia. ʻElua manawa (1867-70, 1889-90) ua hele ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi ʻahamele nui ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua kipa pinepine ʻo Sarasate iā Rusia. Hoʻopili i nā pilina noʻonoʻo a me nā pilina pili iā ia me nā mea mele Lūkini: P. Tchaikovsky, L. Auer, K. Davydov, A. Verzhbilovich, A. Rubinshtein. E pili ana i kahi ʻaha mele hui me ka mea hope i ka makahiki 1881, ua kākau ka nūpepa mele Lūkini: "He mea like ʻole ʻo Sarasate i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka violin e like me Rubinstein ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū ma ka pāʻani piano ..."

Ua ʻike ka poʻe Contemporaries i ka mea huna o Sarasate noʻonoʻo a pilikino ponoʻī i loko o ka aneane kamaliʻi o kāna ʻike honua. Wahi a nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā hoaaloha, he kanaka puʻuwai maʻalahi ʻo Sarasate, makemake nui i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻohe, nā pahu snuff, a me nā gizmos kahiko. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻoili ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka hōʻiliʻili holoʻokoʻa āna i hōʻiliʻili ai i kona kūlanakauhale hānau ʻo Pamplrne. ʻO ke kiʻi akaka a me ka leʻaleʻa o ka virtuoso Spanish ua hoʻohauʻoli i ka poʻe hoʻolohe no kahi kokoke i ka hapalua haneli. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia kāna pāʻani ʻana me kahi kani mele violin, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka virtuoso, ka māmā enchanting a me ka leʻaleʻa aloha, ka poetry, ka hanohano o ka phrasing. He nui loa ka papa mele a ka mea hoʻokani pila. Akā me ka lanakila nui loa, hana ʻo ia i kāna mau mele ponoʻī: "Spanish Dances", "Basque Capriccio", "Aragonese Hunt", "Andalusian Serenade", "Navarra", "Habanera", "Zapateado", "Malagueña", ka mea kaulana. “Gypsy Melodies” . I loko o kēia mau haku mele, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina o ke ʻano haku mele a me ke ʻano hoʻokani o Sarasate: ʻo ka rhythmic originality, ka hana ʻana i nā leo kala, ka hoʻokō maʻalahi o nā kuʻuna o ka hana noʻeau. ʻO kēia mau hana a pau, a me nā manaʻo ʻoliʻoli nui ʻelua ʻo Faust lāua ʻo Carmen (ma nā kumumanaʻo o nā opera o ka inoa hoʻokahi e Ch. Gounod lāua ʻo G. Bizet), ke mau nei i loko o ka repertoire o nā violinists. ʻO nā hana a Sarasate i waiho i kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma ka moʻolelo o nā mele mea kani Spanish, me ka hopena nui i ka hana a I. Albeniz, M. de Falla, E. Granados.

Nui nā haku haku o ia manawa i hoʻolaʻa i kā lākou mau hana iā Sarasata. ʻO ia me kāna hana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i hana ʻia nā haku mele violin e like me ka Introduction a me Rondo-Capriccioso, "Havanese" a me ke Kolu Violin Concerto na C. Saint-Saens, "Spanish Symphony" na E. Lalo, the Second Violin Concerto a me "Scottish Fantasy" M Bruch, hui ʻaha mele na I. Raff. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo G. Wieniawski (Second Violin Concerto), A. Dvorak (Mazurek), K. Goldmark a me A. Mackenzie i kā lākou mau hana i ka mea hoʻokani pila Spanish. "ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui o Sarasate," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Auer ma kēia pili, "ma muli o ka ʻike ākea i lanakila ai ʻo ia me kāna hana ʻana i nā hana violin koʻikoʻi o kona au." ʻO kēia ka maikaʻi nui o Sarasate, kekahi o nā mea holomua o ka hana a ka virtuoso Spanish nui.

I. Vetlitsyna

ʻAʻole make ke akamai Virtuoso. ʻOiai i ke au o ka lanakila kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻano hana kiʻi, aia mau nā mea hoʻokani pila e hoʻopio me ka "maʻemaʻe" virtuosity. ʻO Sarasate kekahi o lākou. ʻO "Paganini o ka hopena o ke kenekulia", "ke aliʻi o ke akamai o ka cadence", "mea pena kiʻi sunny-bright" - ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā contemporaries i kapa ʻia ʻo Sarasate. Ma mua o kona virtuosity, kūlou ka instrumentalism kupaianaha a hiki i ka poʻe i hōʻole maoli i ka virtuosity ma ke kiʻi - Joachim, Auer.

Ua lanakila ʻo Sarasate i nā mea a pau. ʻO ka mea huna o kāna hoʻohiwahiwa i waiho ʻia ma kahi kokoke kamaliʻi o kāna hana akamai. "ʻAʻole lākou e huhū" me ia mau mea pena, ua ʻae ʻia kā lākou mele e like me ke mele ʻana o nā manu, e like me nā leo o ke ʻano - ke kani o ka nahele, ka ʻōhumu o ke kahawai. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke koi ʻia i kahi nightingale? Hīmeni ʻo ia! Pela no o Sarasate. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma ka violin - a hauʻoli ka lehulehu me ka hauʻoli; Ua pena 'o ia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o nā hula poʻe Sepania - a ua ʻike ʻia i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka poʻe hoʻolohe e ola ana.

Ua koho ʻo Auer iā Sarasate (ma hope o Viettan lāua ʻo Joachim) ma mua o nā violinists āpau o ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. I ka pāʻani ʻo Sarasate, kāhāhā ʻo ia i ka māmā kupaianaha, kūlohelohe, maʻalahi o kāna mea hana ʻenehana. "I kekahi ahiahi," i kākau ai ʻo I. Nalbandian i kāna mau memo, "Ua noi au iā Auer e haʻi mai iaʻu e pili ana iā Sarasat. Kū aʻe ʻo Leopold Semyonovich mai ka sofa, nānā mai iaʻu no ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻōlelo mai: He mea kupaianaha ʻo Sarasate. ʻO ke ʻano o kāna violin ke kani ʻole ʻia e kekahi. I ka pāʻani ʻana o Sarasate, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka "kusina", ʻaʻohe lauoho, ʻaʻohe rosin, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi kakaka a ʻaʻohe hana, hoʻopaʻapaʻa - hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā mea a pau me ka ʻakaʻaka, a maikaʻi nā mea a pau me ia ... ”E hoʻouna ana iā Nalbandian i Berlin, Auer aʻo iā ia e hoʻohana i nā manawa kūpono, e hoʻolohe iā Sarasate, a inā loaʻa ka manawa kūpono, e hoʻokani i ka violin nona. Hoʻohui ʻo Nalbandian i ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻo Auer iā ia i kahi leka o ka manaʻo, me kahi ʻōlelo laconic loa ma ka envelope: "Europe - Sarasate." A ua lawa kēlā.

"I koʻu hoʻi ʻana i Rusia," i hoʻomau ai ʻo Nalbandian, "ua hana wau i kahi hōʻike kikoʻī iā Auer, a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Ua ʻike ʻoe i ka pōmaikaʻi o kāu huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē. Ua lohe ʻoe i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana maʻamau e nā mea hoʻokani pila nui ʻo Joachim lāua ʻo Sarasate - ke kūlana virtuoso kiʻekiʻe loa, ka hanana phenomenal o ka pāʻani violin. ʻO ke kanaka laki ʻo Sarasate, ʻaʻole e like me mākou he mau kauā violin e pono ai ke hana i kēlā me kēia lā, a ola ʻo ia no kona makemake ponoʻī. A ua hoʻohui ʻo ia: "No ke aha e pāʻani ai ʻo ia ke hana nei nā mea āpau iā ia?" Ma hope o kāna ʻōlelo ʻana i kēia, nānā ʻo Auer me ke kaumaha i kona mau lima a kanikau. Ua loaʻa iā Auer nā lima "mahalo ʻole" a pono e hana ikaika i kēlā me kēia lā e mālama i ka ʻenehana.

“He kupua ka inoa Sarasate no ka poe violinists,” wahi a K. Flesh. – Me ka mahalo, me he mea la he mea kupanaha mai ka aina kupanaha, nana makou e na keiki (ma ka makahiki 1886 keia) i ka Spaniard maka eleele i oki pono ia a me ka lauoho lauoho like ole. Ua heʻe kēia kanaka liʻiliʻi i ke kahua me ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana, me ka nani Paniolo maoli, mālie waho, a me ka phlegmatic. A laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pāʻani me ke kūʻokoʻa ʻole i lohe ʻia, me ka wikiwiki i lawe ʻia i ka palena, e lawe ana i ka lehulehu i ka hauʻoli nui loa.

Ua hauʻoli loa ko Sarasate ola. ʻO ia ma ke ʻano piha o ka huaʻōlelo he punahele a me ka minion o ka hopena.

"Ua hānau ʻia au," i kākau ai ʻo ia, "ma Malaki 14, 1844, ma Pamplona, ​​ke kūlanakauhale nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Navarre. He alakaʻi koa koʻu makuakāne. Ua aʻo au i ka hoʻokani pila mai koʻu wā liʻiliʻi. I koʻu 5 makahiki wale nō, ua pāʻani mua au i mua o Queen Isabella. Ua makemake ka mōʻī i kaʻu hana a hāʻawi mai ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi penihana, a hiki iaʻu ke hele i Paris e aʻo ai.

Ke hoʻoholo nei e nā moʻolelo biography ʻē aʻe o Sarasate, ʻaʻole pololei kēia ʻike. ʻAʻole i hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Malaki 14, akā ma Malaki 10, 1844. I ka hānau ʻana, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Martin Meliton, akā ua lawe ʻo ia i ka inoa ʻo Pablo iā ia iho ma hope, ʻoiai e noho ana ma Paris.

ʻO kona makuakāne, he Basque ma ka lāhui, he mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi. I ka wā mua, ua aʻo ʻo ia i kāna keiki i ka violin. I ka makahiki 8, ua hāʻawi ke keiki prodigy i kahi ʻahamele ma La Coruna a ua maopopo loa kāna talena a ua hoʻoholo kona makuakāne e lawe iā ia i Madrid. Maanei ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke keikikāne e aʻo iā Rodriguez Saez.

I ka piha ʻana o ka violinist he 10 mau makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo. ʻO ka pāʻani o Sarasate liʻiliʻi i hana i kahi manaʻo kupaianaha. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi violin Stradivarius nani mai Queen Isabella ma ke ʻano he makana, a ua lawe ka ʻaha o Madrid i nā kumukūʻai o kāna hoʻonaʻauao hou.

I ka makahiki 1856, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Sarasate i Paris, kahi i ʻae ʻia ai ʻo ia i loko o kāna papa e kekahi o nā ʻelele koʻikoʻi o ke kula violin Farani, ʻo Delphine Alar. ʻEiwa mahina ma hope (kokoke hiki ʻole!) Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka papa piha o ka conservatory a lanakila ʻo ia i ka makana mua.

ʻIke loa, ua hele mai ka violinist ʻōpio iā Alar me kahi ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kona puka wikiwiki ʻana mai ka conservatory. Eia naʻe, ma hope o kona puka ʻana i ka papa violin, ua noho ʻo ia ma Palika no 6 mau makahiki hou e aʻo ai i ke kumumanaʻo mele, harmoni a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka hana. I ka makahiki ʻumikumamāhiku wale nō o kona ola ʻana, haʻalele ʻo Sarasate i ka Conservatory Paris. Mai kēia manawa e hoʻomaka ai kona ola ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani ʻaha mele hele.

I ka wā mua, ua hele ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi ma ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka mea kālepa waiwai ʻo Otto Goldschmidt, i noho ma Mexico. He mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi loa, ma waho aʻe o nā hana o kahi impresario, ua lawe ʻo ia i nā hana o kahi mea hoʻokani pila. Ua holomua ka huakaʻi, a ua lilo ʻo Goldschmidt i ka impresario o Sarasate no ke ola.

Ma hope o ʻAmelika, ua hoʻi ʻo Sarasate i ʻEulopa a loaʻa koke ka kaulana kaulana ma aneʻi. Ua lanakila kāna mau ʻahamele ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, a ma kona ʻāina hānau, ua lilo ʻo ia i meʻe aupuni. I ka makahiki 1880, ma Barcelona, ​​​​ua hoʻokumu ka poʻe hoihoi o Sarasate i kahi huakaʻi kukui i hele ʻia e 2000 poʻe. Ua hoʻolako nā hui kaʻaahi ma Sepania i nā kaʻaahi holoʻokoʻa no kāna hoʻohana. Ua hele mai ʻo ia i Pamplona kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua hoʻonohonoho nā kamaʻāina iā ia i nā hālāwai hanohano, i alakaʻi ʻia e ke kaona. No ka hoʻohanohano iā ia, ua hāʻawi mauʻia nā pipi, ua paneʻo Sarasate i kēia mau hanohano a pau me nā'ahamele no ka poʻeʻilihune. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i hoʻokahi manawa (i ka makahiki 1900) i ka manawa o ka hōʻea ʻana o Sarasate i Pamplona ua aneane hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia. Ua hoʻāʻo ke kuhina nui o ke kūlanakauhale i koho ʻia e kāpae iā lākou no nā kumu politika. He mōʻī ʻo ia, a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Sarasate he democrat. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka meia i hoʻonāukiuki. “Ua komo nā nūpepa. A ʻo ke kaona i pio, me kona poʻo, ua koi ʻia e haʻalele. ʻO ka hihia wale nō paha o kona ʻano.

Ua kipa pinepine ʻo Sarasate iā Rūsia. No ka manawa mua, i ka makahiki 1869, ua kipa ʻo ia iā Odessa wale nō; no ka lua o ka manawa - i ka makahiki 1879 ua huakaʻi ʻo ia ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow.

Eia ka mea a L. Auer i kākau ai: “ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa i waena o nā haole kaulana i kono ʻia e ka Society (ʻo ia hoʻi ka Russian Musical Society. – LR) ʻo Pablo de Sarasate, a laila he mea hoʻokani pila i hele mai i o mākou ma hope o kona ʻano akamai. holomua ma Kelemānia. ʻIke a lohe au iā ia no ka manawa mua. He uuku, wiwi, aka, he nani loa kona poo, he lauoho eleele i maheleia mawaena, e like me ke ano o ia manawa. Ma ke ʻano he ʻeʻe mai ke kānāwai maʻamau, ua ʻaʻahu ʻo ia ma kona umauma i kahi lipine nui me kahi hōkū o ke kauoha Sepania i loaʻa iā ia. He nūhou kēia i nā mea a pau, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā aliʻi o ke koko a me nā kuhina wale nō i ʻike ʻia i loko o ia mau mea hoʻonani ma nā ʻahaʻaina kūhelu.

ʻO nā memo mua loa āna i unuhi mai ai mai kāna Stradivarius - auwe, ʻānō a kanu mau ʻia i loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Madrid! - hana i ka manaʻo ikaika iaʻu me ka nani a me ka maʻemaʻe crystalline o ka leo. Loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano hana kupaianaha, ua pāʻani ʻo ia me ka ʻole o ka ʻuʻuku, me he mea lā e hoʻopā wale ana i nā kaula me kāna kakaka. He mea paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo e hiki mai ana kēia mau leo ​​kupanaha, e hāliʻi ana i ka pepeiao, e like me ka leo o ka ʻōpio ʻo Adeline Patty, mai nā mea waiwai nui e like me ka lauoho a me nā kaula. Pīhoihoi ka poʻe hoʻolohe a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻo Sarasate.

"Ma waena o kāna lanakila o St. Petersburg," i kākau hou ai ʻo Auer, "ua noho ʻo Pablo de Sarasate i hoa maikaʻi, makemake ʻo ia i ka hui ʻana o kāna mau hoaaloha mele ma mua o nā hana hoʻokani ma nā hale waiwai, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia mai ʻelua a ʻekolu tausani francs i ke ahiahi - he uku kiekie loa no ia manawa. Nā ahiahi noa. Ua lilo ʻo ia me Davydov, Leshetsky a i ʻole me aʻu, ʻoliʻoli mau, ʻakaʻaka a me ke ʻano maikaʻi, hauʻoli loa i ka wā i lanakila ai ʻo ia i kekahi mau rubles mai iā mākou ma nā kāleka. Ua ʻoluʻolu loa ʻo ia me nā lede a lawe pū me ia i kekahi mau mea pā Paniola liʻiliʻi, āna i hāʻawi ai iā lākou i mea hoʻomanaʻo.

Ua lanakila ʻo Rusia iā Sarasate me kāna hoʻokipa. Ma hope o 2 makahiki, hāʻawi hou ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele ma aneʻi. Ma hope o ka ʻaha mele mua, i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa 28, 1881 ma St. Petersburg, kahi i hoʻokani pū ai ʻo Sarasate me A. Rubinstein, ua ʻōlelo ka paʻi mele: Sarasate "he mea like ʻole i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka violin e like me ka mua (ie, Rubinstein. - LR ) ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū ma ka pāʻani piano, koe wale nō, ʻo Liszt.

ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o Sarasate ma St. Petersburg i Ianuali 1898 ua hōʻailona hou ʻia e ka lanakila. Ua piha ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu i ke keena o ka Hale Ahaolelo Alii (ka Philharmonic o keia wa). Me Auer, hāʻawi ʻo Sarasate i kahi ahiahi quartet kahi i hoʻokani ai ʻo Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata.

ʻO ka manawa hope loa i hoʻolohe ai ʻo Petersburg iā Sarasate, aia ma ka pali o kona ola, i ka makahiki 1903, a hōʻike ʻia nā loiloi paʻi ua mālama ʻo ia i kāna mau akamai virtuoso a hiki i ka wā ʻelemakule. "ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo ia ka leo momona, piha a ikaika o kāna violin, ka ʻenehana akamai e lanakila ai i nā ʻano pilikia āpau; a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, he kakaka māmā, mālie a me ke kani ʻana i nā pāʻani o ke ʻano pili loa - ua haku maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau mea e ka Spaniard. ʻO Sarasate ka "ke aliʻi o nā violinists", ma ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo. ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻelemakule, kāhāhā mau nō ʻo ia i kona ola a me ka maʻalahi o nā mea a pau āna e hana ai.

He mea kū hoʻokahi ʻo Sarasate. No kona mau hoa, ua wehe ʻo ia i nā horizons hou no ka hoʻokani violin: "I kekahi manawa ma Amsterdam," i kākau ai ʻo K. Flesh, "I ka ʻōlelo ʻana me aʻu, ua hāʻawi ʻo Izai i kēia loiloi iā Sarasata: "Na ia i aʻo iā mākou e pāʻani maʻemaʻe. ” ʻO ka makemake o nā violinists hou no ka pono ʻenehana, pololei a me ka hewa ʻole o ka pāʻani ʻana mai Sarasate mai ka manawa o kona ʻike ʻana ma ke kahua ʻaha mele. Ma mua ona, ua manaʻo nui ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa, fluidity a me ka nani o ka hana.

“… He ʻelele ʻo ia no kahi ʻano violinist hou a hoʻokani ʻo ia me ka maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana, me ka ʻole o ka haʻalulu. Ua pae kona mau manamana lima ma ka papa fretboard me ke ʻano maʻamau a me ka mālie, me ka ʻole o ka pā ʻana i nā kaula. ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka haʻalulu ma mua o ka mea maʻamau me nā violinists ma mua o Sarasate. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kakaka ka mea mua a koʻikoʻi loa o ka unuhi ʻana i ka mea kūpono - i kona manaʻo - leo. ʻO ka "pu" o kāna kakaka ma ke kaula i paʻi pono i ke kikowaena ma waena o nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ke alahaka a me ka fretboard o ka violin a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokokoke i ke alahaka, kahi e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, hiki i kekahi ke unuhi i kahi kani ʻano like me ka haʻalulu. i ke kani o ka oboe.

ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo Kelemānia o ke kiʻi violin ʻo A. Moser kekahi i kānana ʻana i nā mākau hana o Sarasate: "I ka nīnau ʻana i ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o Sarasate i kahi kūleʻa kupaianaha," kākau ʻo ia, "pono ​​mākou e pane mua me ke kani. ʻO kona leo, me kaʻole o nā "mea haumia", piha i ka "meaʻono", hana i ka wā i hoʻomaka aiʻo ia e pāʻani, he mea kupanaha. 'Ōlelo wau "hoʻomaka i ka pāʻani" ʻaʻole me ka manaʻo ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ke kani ʻana o Sarasate, ʻoiai kona nani a pau, he monotonous, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi, no laila, ma hope o kekahi manawa, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "hōʻuluʻulu ʻia", e like me ka lā mau o ka lā. ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka lua o ka mea i kōkua i ka holomua o Sarasate, ʻo ia ka maʻalahi loa, ke kūʻokoʻa i hoʻohana ai ʻo ia i kāna ʻenehana nui. Ua leo maʻemaʻe ʻo ia a ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā pilikia kiʻekiʻe me ka lokomaikaʻi.

ʻO kekahi mau ʻike e pili ana i nā mea ʻenehana o ka pāʻani Sarasate e hāʻawi iā Auer. Ua kākau ʻo ia ʻo Sarasate (a me Wieniawski) "ua loaʻa iā ia kahi trill wikiwiki a pololei, lōʻihi loa, ʻo ia ka hōʻoia maikaʻi loa o ko lākou akamai ʻenehana." Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe i loko o ka puke like a Auer heluhelu mākou: "Sarasate, nona ka leo hoʻonani, hoʻohana wale i ka staccato volant (ʻo ia hoʻi, lele staccato. - LR), ʻaʻole wikiwiki loa, akā maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hope loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka lokomaikaʻi, ua hoʻomālamalama i kāna pāʻani holoʻokoʻa a ua hoʻokō ʻia e kahi leo mele nani, akā ʻaʻole ikaika loa. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka paʻa ʻana i ke kakaka a Joachim, Wieniawski a me Sarasate, kākau ʻo Auer: "Ua paʻa ʻo Sarasate i ke kakaka me kona mau manamana lima a pau, ʻaʻole ia i pale iā ia mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi leo manuahi, mele a me ka māmā ea ma nā paukū."

Hoʻomaopopo ka hapa nui o nā loiloi ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia nā papa mele iā Sarasata, ʻoiai ua huli pinepine ʻo ia i nā hana a Bach, Beethoven, a makemake e pāʻani i nā quartets. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Moser, ma hope o ka hana mua ʻana o ka Beethoven Concerto ma Berlin i nā makahiki 80, ua ukali ʻia kahi loiloi e ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻo E. Taubert, kahi i hoʻohewa ʻia ai ka wehewehe ʻana a Sarasate i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me Joachim. "I ka lā aʻe, hālāwai me aʻu, ua hoʻōho mai ʻo Sarasate huhū iaʻu: "ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma Kelemānia manaʻo lākou he mea e hoʻokani i ka Beethoven Concerto e like me kāu maestro momona!"

ʻO ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana iā ia, ʻike wau ua huhū wau i ka wā i hauʻoli ai ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kāna pāʻani ʻana, hoʻopau i ka tutti orchestral me ka paʻi ʻana ma hope o ka mele mua. ʻŌlelo maila ʻo Sarasate iaʻu, “E ke kanaka aloha, mai ʻōlelo ʻole ʻoe! Loaʻa ka Orchestral tutti e hāʻawi i ka soloist i kahi manawa e hoʻomaha ai a e hoʻomaikaʻi ka poʻe hoʻolohe. " I koʻu luliluli ʻana i koʻu poʻo, me ka pīhoihoi i ka manaʻo kamaliʻi, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia: “E waiho wale mai iaʻu me kāu mau hana symphonic. Nīnau ʻoe no ke aha ʻaʻole wau e pāʻani nei i ka Brahms Concerto! ʻAʻole au makemake e hōʻole i nā mele maikaʻi loa kēia. Akā, ke manaʻo maoli nei ʻoe iaʻu me ka ʻole o ka ʻono a i koʻu piʻi ʻana i luna o ke kahua me ka violin ma koʻu mau lima, kū a hoʻolohe i ke ʻano o ka Adagio e hoʻokani ai ka oboe i ke mele hoʻokahi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa i ke anaina?

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka hana mele o ke keʻena o Moser lāua ʻo Sarasate: “I ka wā lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma Berlin, ua kono ʻo Sarasate i koʻu mau hoaaloha Spanish a me nā hoa papa ʻo EF Arbos (violin) a me Augustino Rubio i kona hōkele ʻo Kaiserhof e pāʻani pū me aʻu. (cello). Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o ka violin mua, ʻo Arbos a me aʻu i hoʻokani i ka ʻāpana o ka viola a me ka lua. ʻO kāna mau quartets punahele, me Op. 59 Beethoven, Schumann a me Brahms quartets. ʻO kēia nā mea i hana pinepine ʻia. Ua hoʻokani ʻo Sarasate me ka ikaika loa, e hoʻokō ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ka haku mele. Ua kani maikaʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka "i loko" i "ma waena o nā laina".

ʻO nā ʻōlelo a Moser a me kāna mau loiloi i ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana o Sarasate i nā hana kahiko e ʻike i ka hōʻoia ma nā ʻatikala a me nā loiloi ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike pinepine ia i ka monotony, monotony i hoʻokaʻawale i ke kani o ka violin a Sarasate, a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hana maikaʻi nā hana a Beethoven a me Bach iā ia. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o Moser. Ma nā hana kokoke i kona ʻano, ua hōʻike ʻo Sarasate iā ia iho he mea pena kiʻi. Wahi a nā loiloi a pau, no ka laʻana, hana ʻo ia i ka concerto Mendelssohn me ka like ʻole. A pehea ka maikaʻi o nā hana a Bach lāua ʻo Beethoven, inā i ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻia e kahi loea koʻikoʻi e like me Auer e pili ana i ka hana unuhi a Sarasate!

"Ma waena o 1870 a me 1880, ua ulu nui ka manaʻo e hoʻokani i nā mele noʻeau i nā ʻaha mele lehulehu, a ua loaʻa i kēia kumumanaʻo ka ʻike ākea a me ke kākoʻo ʻana mai ka paʻi ʻana mai, a ua hoʻoikaika kēia i nā virtuosos kaulana e like me Wieniawski a me Sarasate - nā ʻelele maikaʻi loa o kēia ʻano. - e hoʻohana nui i kā lākou concerto violin haku mele o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe loa. Ua hoʻokomo pū lākou i ka Bach's Chaconne a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, a me Beethoven's Concerto, i kā lākou mau papahana, a me ke ʻano nui o ka wehewehe ʻana (ʻo wau ke ʻano o ke kanaka i ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa o ka huaʻōlelo), ʻo kā lākou unuhi maoli ʻana a me ka hana kūpono i hāʻawi nui i ka. ko lakou kaulana. “.

No ka wehewehe ʻana a Sarasate i ka Concerto ʻEkolu o Saint-Saens i hoʻolaʻa ʻia nona, ua kākau ka mea kākau ponoʻī: “Ua kākau wau i kahi ʻaha mele kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻāpana mua a me ka hope; ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e kahi ʻāpana kahi e hanu ai nā mea a pau i ka maluhia - e like me ka loko ma waena o nā mauna. ʻO ka poʻe violinists nui nāna i hoʻohanohano iaʻu i ka hoʻokani ʻana i kēia hana, ʻaʻole maopopo lākou i kēia ʻokoʻa - ua haʻalulu lākou ma ka loko, e like me nā mauna. ʻO Sarasate, ka mea i kākau ʻia ai ka ʻaha mele, ua mālie ʻo ia ma ka loko e like me kona hauʻoli i nā kuahiwi. A laila hoʻopau ka mea haku mele: "ʻAʻohe mea maikaʻi i ka hoʻokani mele, pehea e hōʻike ai i kona ʻano."

Ma waho aʻe o ka concerto, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Saint-Saëns i ka Rondo Capriccioso iā Sarasata. Ua hōʻike aku nā haku mele ʻē aʻe i ko lākou mahalo i ka hana a ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ke ʻano like. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻo ia no: ka Concerto Mua a me ka Symphony Spanish na E. Lalo, ka Concerto ʻElua a me ka Fantasy Scottish na M. Bruch, ka Concerto ʻElua na G. Wieniawski. "ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui o Sarasate," wahi a Auer, "ma muli o ka ʻike ākea i lanakila ai ʻo ia no kāna hana ʻana i nā hana violin koʻikoʻi o kona au. ʻO ia hoʻi kona pono ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻolaha i nā concerto o Bruch, Lalo a me Saint-Saens.

ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, ua hāʻawi ʻo Sarasate i nā mele virtuoso a me kāna mau hana ponoʻī. I loko o ia mau mea he mea like ʻole ia. ʻO kāna mau haku mele, nā hula Spanish, Gypsy tunes, Fantasia ma nā kumu mai ka opera "Carmen" na Bizet, Introduction a me tarantella i kaulana nui. ʻO ka loiloi maikaʻi loa a kokoke loa i ka loiloi ʻoiaʻiʻo o Sarasate ka haku mele i hāʻawi ʻia e Auer. Ua kākau ʻo ia: "ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻaha mele maoli a Sarasate ponoʻī - "Airs Espagnoles", i ʻulaʻula ʻia e ke aloha wela o kona ʻāina hānau - me ke kanalua ʻole ka hāʻawi waiwai nui i ka repertoire violin.

Ma nā hula Spanish, ua hana ʻo Sarasate i nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kani o nā mele maoli nona, a ua hana ʻia lākou me ka ʻono maikaʻi, ka lokomaikaʻi. Mai iā lākou - he ala pololei i nā mea liʻiliʻi o Granados, Albeniz, de Falla. ʻO ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo mai ka "Carmen" ʻo Bizet ka mea maikaʻi loa ma ka palapala violin honua ma ke ʻano o nā moemoeā virtuoso i koho ʻia e ka mea haku mele. Hiki ke hoʻokomo pono ʻia ma kahi pā me nā moʻoʻiʻo ʻoi loa o Paganini, Venyavsky, Ernst.

ʻO Sarasate ka violinist mua loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā mele mele mele; Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka Prelude mai ka E-major partita na J.-S. ʻO Bach no ka violin solo, a me kahi Introduction a me kahi tarantella o kāna haku ponoʻī.

ʻAʻohe ʻohana ʻo Sarasate a ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hāʻawi i kona ola holoʻokoʻa i ka violin. ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake nui ʻo ia i ka ʻohi. He mea leʻaleʻa nā mea i loko o kāna mau hōʻiliʻili. ʻO Sarasate a ma kēia kuko me he keiki nui lā. Ua makemake ʻo ia i ka ʻohi ... koʻokoʻo (!); nā ʻohe i ʻohi ʻia, i kāhiko ʻia me nā puʻupuʻu gula a i hoʻopili ʻia me nā pōhaku makamae, nā mea kahiko a me nā gizmos kahiko. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i kahi waiwai i manaʻo ʻia he 3000000 francs.

Ua make ʻo Sarasate ma Biarritz i ka lā 20 o Kepakemapa, 1908, i ka makahiki 64. ʻO nā mea a pau i loaʻa iā ia, ua hāʻawi nui ʻia ʻo ia i nā hui ʻoihana a me ke aloha. Ua loaʻa i nā Conservatories Paris a me Madrid he 10 francs; Eia kekahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou he violin Stradivarius. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi kālā nui no nā makana i nā mea hoʻokani pila. Hāʻawi ʻo Sarasate i kāna hōʻiliʻili kiʻi nani i kona ʻāina hānau ʻo Pamplona.

L. Raaben