Amelita Galli-Curci |

Amelita Galli-Curci

“ʻO ke mele koʻu pono, koʻu ola. Inā loaʻa wau iaʻu iho ma kahi mokupuni wao nahele, e hīmeni nō wau ma laila… ʻO ke kanaka i piʻi i ka pae mauna a ʻike ʻole i kahi piko kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi e kū ai ʻo ia ʻaʻohe ona wā e hiki mai ana. ʻAʻole loa au e ʻae e noho ma kona wahi. ʻAʻole kēia mau huaʻōlelo he ʻōlelo hoʻolaha nani wale nō, akā he papahana hana maoli i alakaʻi i ka mea mele Italia koʻikoʻi ʻo Galli-Curci i kāna ʻoihana hana.

“Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei kēlā me kēia hanauna e kahi mele mele coloratura nui. E koho kā mākou hanauna iā Galli-Curci i mōʻī wahine hīmeni… ” wahi a Dilpel.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Amelita Galli-Curci ma Nowemapa 18, 1882 ma Milan, i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi kanaka kālepa waiwai ʻo Enrico Galli. Ua paipai ka ʻohana i ka hoihoi o ke kaikamahine i ke mele. Maikaʻi kēia - ma hope o nā mea a pau, he alakaʻi kona kupuna kāne, a ua loaʻa i kona kupuna wahine i kahi soprano coloratura nani. I ka makahiki ʻelima, hoʻomaka ke kaikamahine e hoʻokani i ka piano. Mai ka makahiki ʻehiku, hele mau ʻo Amelita i ka hale opera, a ua lilo ʻo ia i kumu o nā manaʻo ikaika loa.

ʻO ke kaikamahine makemake i ka hīmeni ʻana i moeʻuhane e lilo i mea kaulana ma ke ʻano he mele, a ua makemake kona mau mākua e ʻike iā Amelita ma ke ʻano he piano. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka Milan Conservatory, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka piano me Professor Vincenzo Appiani. I ka makahiki 1905, ua puka 'o ia mai ka conservatory me ka mekala gula a lilo koke i kumu piano kaulana. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka lohe ʻana i ka mea hoʻokani piano nui ʻo Ferruccio Busoni, ua ʻike ʻo Amelita me ka ʻawaʻawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i kēlā ʻano akamai.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kona hopena e Pietro Mascagni, ka mea kākau o ka opera kaulana ʻo Rural Honor. I ka lohe ʻana i ka hīmeni ʻana o ʻAmelita i ka piano, e hīmeni ana i ka aria a Elvira mai ka opera "Puritanes" a Bellini, ua hoʻōho ka mea haku mele: "Amelita! Nui nā mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi loa, akā kakaʻikahi ka lohe ʻana i ka mea hīmeni maoli!.. ʻAʻole ʻoe i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā haneli o nā mea ʻē aʻe… He hana mana kou leo! ʻAe, e lilo ʻoe i mea pena kiʻi nui. ʻAʻole naʻe he pianist, ʻaʻole, he mele!”

A pela iho la. Ma hope o ʻelua makahiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia iho, ua loiloi ʻia ke akamai o Amelita e kekahi alakaʻi keaka. Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kāna hana ʻana i ka aria mai ka hana ʻelua o Rigoletto, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia iā Galli i ka luna o ka hale opera ma Trani, aia ma Milan. No laila, loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻomaka ma ka hale keaka o kekahi kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hapa mua - Gilda ma "Rigoletto" - lawe mai i ka mea mele ʻōpio i kahi kūleʻa maikaʻi a wehe i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma Italia. Ua lilo ka hana a Gilda i mea hoʻonani no kāna repertoire.

I ʻApelila 1908, aia ʻo ia ma Roma - no ka manawa mua ʻo ia i hana ai ma ke kahua o ka Costanzi Theatre. Ma ke kuleana o Bettina, ka heroine o Bizet's comic opera Don Procolio, ua hōʻike ʻo Galli-Curci iā ia iho ʻaʻole wale he mele maikaʻi loa, akā he mea hoʻokani pila hoʻi. I kēlā manawa, ua male ka mea pena kiʻi me L. Curci.

Akā i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka kūleʻa maoli, pono ʻo Amelita e hana i kahi "internship" ma waho. Ua hoʻokani ka mea mele i ka makahiki 1908/09 ma ʻAigupita, a laila ma 1910 kipa ʻo Argentina a me Uruguay.

Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Italia ma ke ʻano he mele kaulana. ʻO "Dal Verme" o Milan ke kono kūikawā iā ia i ke kuleana o Gilda, a ʻo ka Neapolitan "San Carlo" (1911) e ʻike i ke akamai kiʻekiʻe o Galli-Curci ma "La Sonnambula".

Ma hope o ka huakaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka mea pena, i ke kauwela o 1912, ma ʻAmelika Hema (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile), ʻo ia ka manawa o nā kūleʻa walaʻau ma Turin, Roma. Ma nā nūpepa, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hana mua a ka mea mele ma aneʻi, ua kākau lākou: "Ua hoʻi ʻo Galli-Curci ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi piha."

I ka makahiki 1913/14, hīmeni ka mea pena ma ka hale keaka ʻo Real Madrid. ʻO La sonnambula, Puritani, Rigoletto, The Barber of Seville e lawe mai i kāna kūleʻa mua ʻole i ka mōʻaukala o kēia hale opera.

I Pepeluali 1914, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hui o ka opera Italia Galli-Curci, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i St. Petersburg. Ma ke kapikala o Rusia, no ka manawa mua, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana o Juliet (Romeo and Juliet na Gounod) a me Filina (Thomas' Mignon). Ma nā keaka ʻelua, ʻo LV Sobinov kāna hoa. Eia ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana o ka heroine o ka opera Tom e ka mea pena kiʻi i loko o ka paʻi o ke kapikala: "Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Galli-Curci i ka nani o Filina. ʻO kona leo uʻi, ke mele a me ka ʻenehana maikaʻi loa i hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e lawe ai i ka ʻāpana o Filina i mua. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka polonaise me ka nani, ʻo ka hopena, ma ke koi lokahi o ka lehulehu, ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo ia, e lawe ana i nā manawa ʻelua i ka "fa" ʻekolu. Ma ke kahua, alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hana me ke akamai a me ka hou. "

Akā ʻo La Traviata ka lei aliʻi o kāna mau lanakila Lūkini. Ua kākau ka nūpepa Novoye Vremya: "ʻO Galli-Curci kekahi o nā Violetta iʻikeʻoleʻia e St. Petersburg no ka manawa lōʻihi. He kūpono ʻole ʻo ia ma ke kahua a ma ke ʻano he mele. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka aria o ka hana mua me ka virtuosity kupaianaha a, ma ke ala, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia me kahi puzzling cadenza, ʻaʻole mākou i lohe mai iā Sembrich a i ʻole Boronat: kahi mea kupanaha a i ka manawa like me ka nani. He kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻo ia. ”…

Ma hope o ka ʻike hou ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, hīmeni ka mea mele me nā hoa ikaika: ʻo ka ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻo Tito Skipa a me ka baritone kaulana ʻo Titta Ruffo. I ke kauwela o 1915, ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Colon ma Buenos Aires, hīmeni ʻo ia me ka moʻolelo Caruso ma Lucia. "ʻO ka lanakila kupaianaha o Galli-Curci a me Caruso!", "ʻO Galli-Curci ka heroine o ke ahiahi!", "ʻO ka mea laʻa loa i waena o nā mele" - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻohewa kūloko i kēia hanana.

Ma ka lā 18 o Nowemapa, 1916, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Galli-Curci i kāna hana mua ma Chicago. Ma hope o "Caro note" ua pohā ka poʻe i loko o kahi ovation he ʻumikumamālima mau minuke. A ma nā hana'ē aʻe - "Lucia", "La Traviata", "Romeo a me Juliet" - ua hoʻokipa maikaʻiʻia ka mea mele. ʻO "Greatest Coloratura Singer Since Patti", "Fabulous Voice" kekahi mau poʻomanaʻo o nā nūpepa ʻAmelika. Ua ukali ʻia ʻo Chicago e ka lanakila ma New York.

Ma ka puke "Vocal Parallels" na ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Giacomo Lauri-Volpi, heluhelu mākou: "I ka mea kākau o kēia mau laina, he hoaaloha ʻo Galli-Curci a, ma ke ʻano, he makuahine akua i kāna hana mua o Rigoletto, i hana ʻia ma ma mua o Ianuali 1923 ma ke kahua o ka Metropolitan Theatre ". Ma hope mai, hīmeni pū ka mea kākau me ia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa ma Rigoletto a ma The Barber of Seville, Lucia, La Traviata, Massenet's Manon. Akā, ua mau ka manaʻo mai ka hana mua no ke ola. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka leo o ka mea mele e lele ana, ʻaʻahu kāhāhā i ka waihoʻoluʻu, he matte liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoluʻolu loa, hoʻoulu i ka maluhia. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi memo "keiki" a bleached paha. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka ʻōlelo o ka hana hope loa "Ma laila, ma ka lani, me koʻu makuahine aloha ..." i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he ʻano hana mana o nā leo - kani ka ʻohe ma kahi o ka leo.

I ka hāʻule o ka makahiki 1924, ua hoʻokani ʻo Galli-Curci ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻEnelani he iwakālua a ʻoi aku. ʻO ka ʻaha mele mua loa o ka mea mele ma ke kapikala ʻo Albert Hall i hana i kahi manaʻo hiki ʻole i ka lehulehu. "ʻO nā mea kupanaha o Galli-Curci", "Ua hele mai au, hīmeni - a lanakila!", "Ua lanakila ʻo Galli-Curci iā Lākana!" - mahalo nui i ka nūpepa kūloko.

ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻo Galli-Curci iā ia iho me nā ʻaelike lōʻihi me kekahi hale opera hoʻokahi, makemake ʻo ia i ke kūʻokoʻa huakaʻi. Ma hope wale nō o ka makahiki 1924, hā'awi ka mea mele i kona makemake hope i ka Metropolitan Opera. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo nā hōkū opera (ʻoi loa i kēlā manawa) i uku lua wale nō i ke kahua ʻaha mele. No Galli-Curci, ʻelua mau ʻāpana like ʻole kēia o ka hana noʻeau. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻahamele e lanakila ma luna o ke kahua keaka. A ma hope o kona haʻi ʻana aku i ka opera i ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻahamele ma nā ʻāina he nui no nā makahiki he nui, a ma nā wahi āpau ua kūleʻa ʻo ia me ka lehulehu ākea, no ka mea, i loko o kāna hale kūʻai ʻo Amelita Galli-Curci i ʻike ʻia e ka maʻalahi maoli, ka nani. , akaka, hoʻopio demokala.

"ʻAʻohe mea manaʻo ʻole, hana ʻoe iā ʻoe iho," wahi a ka mea mele. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Galli-Curci i nā ʻono maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole - ʻo ka lanakila nui o ka mea pena kiʻi he lanakila o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka pololei.

Me ka hoʻomau ʻole ʻana, neʻe ʻo ia mai kekahi ʻāina a i kekahi ʻāina, a ulu aʻe kona kaulana me kēlā me kēia hana, me kēlā me kēia ʻahamele. ʻAʻole i holo wale kāna mau huakaʻi huakaʻi ma nā ʻāina nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻolohe ʻia ʻo ia ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui ma Asia, ʻApelika, Australia a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ka Pākīpika, loaʻa ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo.

"ʻO kona leo," i kākau ai ka mea haku mele ʻo VV Timokhin, he nani like i ka coloratura a me ka cantilena, e like me ke kani ʻana o ka ʻohe kala kilokilo, lanakila ʻia me ka ʻoluʻolu kupaianaha a me ka maʻemaʻe. Mai nā huaʻōlelo mua loa i mele ʻia e ka mea pena, ua hoihoi ka poʻe hoʻolohe i nā leo ʻoniʻoni a me ka maʻalahi e kahe ana me ka maʻalahi…

… ʻO Galli-Curci ma ke ʻano he mele coloratura, ʻaʻole paha i ʻike iā ia.

ʻO ke kani plastik maikaʻi loa i lawelawe i ka mea pena ma ke ʻano he mea kupanaha no ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi hoʻonani filigreely. ʻAʻohe mea i hana me ka maʻalahi o ka mea kani i nā paukū i ka aria "Sempre libera" ("No ka manuahi, e mālama ʻole") mai "La Traviata", i nā aria o Dinora a i ʻole Lucia a me ka nani - nā cadenzas i ka ʻO ia ka "Sempre libera" a i ʻole ka "Waltz Juliet," a ʻo ia wale nō me ka ʻole o ka haʻalulu iki (ʻo nā memo kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka i ka manaʻo o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa), hiki ke hāʻawi i ka poʻe hoʻolohe i nā pilikia ʻenehana o ka helu mele.

ʻO ke kiʻi o Galli-Curci i hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe o kēia manawa i nā virtuosos nui o ke kenekulia 1914 a ʻōlelo ʻo nā mea haku mele i hana i ke au o ka "makahiki gula" o Bel canto hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo i kahi unuhi maikaʻi o kā lākou mau hana. "Inā ua lohe ʻo Bellini iā ​​ia iho i kahi mele kupaianaha e like me Galli-Curci, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia iā ia me ka pau ʻole," i kākau ai ka nūpepa ʻo Barcelona ʻo El Progreso i XNUMX ma hope o nā hana a La sonnambula a me Puritani. ʻO kēia loiloi o ka poʻe hoʻohewa ʻo Sepania, ka poʻe i "hōʻino" me ke aloha ʻole i nā kukui he nui o ka honua leo, he mea hōʻike maoli ia. "Ua kokoke loa ʻo Galli-Curci i ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana," i ʻae ʻia ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ka mea kaulana kaulana ʻAmelika ʻo Geraldine Farrar (he mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa i nā kuleana o Gilda, Juliet a me Mimi), ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā Lucia di Lammermoor ma ka ʻOpera Chicago. .

Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka mea mele e kahi repertoire nui. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia ma nā mele opera Italia - nā hana a Bellini, Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi, Leoncavallo, Puccini - ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻia ma nā keaka a nā mea haku mele Farani - Meyerbeer, Bizet, Gounod, Thomas, Massenet, Delibes. Pono mākou e hoʻohui i nā hana maikaʻi loa o Sophie ma R. Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier a me ke kuleana o ka Mō'īwahine o Shemakhan ma Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel.

"ʻO ka hana a ke aliʻi wahine," wahi a ka mea pena, "ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua hola, akā he aha ka hapalua hola! I loko o ia manawa pōkole, ke kū nei ka mea mele i nā ʻano pilikia leo like ʻole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe haku mele kahiko.

I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela o 1935, ua mākaʻikaʻi ka mea mele i India, Burma a me Iapana. ʻO ia nā ʻāina hope loa āna i hīmeni ai. Ua haʻalele ʻo Galli-Curci i ka hana ʻaha mele ma muli o kahi maʻi ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi e koi ana i ka hana ʻoki.

I ke kauwela o 1936, ma hope o nā haʻawina ikaika, ua hoʻi ka mea mele i ke kahua ʻaha mele, akā i ke kahua opera. Akā ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kona lōʻihi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hope loa o Galli-Curci i mālama ʻia i ka makahiki 1937/38. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaha loa ʻo ia a hoʻi i kona home ma La Jolla (Kalepa).

Ua make ka mea mele ma Nowemapa 26, 1963.