Eugen Arturovich Kapp |

Eugen Kapp

“ʻO ke mele koʻu ola…” Ma kēia mau huaʻōlelo ua hōʻike ʻia ka manaʻo hoʻomohala a E. Kapp ma ke ʻano pōkole loa. Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kumu a me ke ʻano o ka hana mele, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia; ʻO ka "mele e hiki ai iā mākou ke hōʻike i ka nui o nā manaʻo o ko mākou au, ka waiwai a pau o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. He ala maikaʻi loa ke mele no ka hoʻonaʻauao pono ʻana i nā kānaka. Ua hana ʻo Kapp ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Ma waena o kāna mau hana nui, he 6 mau opera, 2 ballets, he operetta, 23 mau hana no ka symphony orchestra, 7 cantatas a me nā oratorio, ma kahi o 300 mau mele. Noho ka hale keaka mele i kahi kikowaena o kāna hana.

ʻO ka ʻohana Kapp o nā mea hoʻokani mele he alakaʻi i ke ola mele o Estonia no hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki. ʻO ke kupuna kāne o Eugen, ʻo Issep Kapp, he mea hoʻokalakupua a he alakaʻi. Makuakane - Arthur Kapp, ua puka 'o ia mai ka St. Petersburg Conservatory ma ka okana papa me Professor L. Gomilius a me ka haku mele 'ana me N. Rimsky-Korsakov, neʻe aku i Astrakhan, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka lālā kūloko o ka Russian Musical Society. I ka manawa like, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o kahi kula mele. Ma laila, ma Astrakhan, hānau ʻia ʻo Eugen Kapp. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ke kālena mele o ke keiki. Aʻo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani piano, hoʻāʻo mua ʻo ia e haku mele. ʻO ka lewa mele i noho aliʻi i loko o ka hale, nā hālāwai a Eugen me A. Scriabin, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova, i hele mai i ka huakaʻi, kipa mau i nā hana opera a me nā ʻaha mele - ua kōkua kēia mau mea i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wā e hiki mai ana. haku mele.

I ka makahiki 1920, ua kono ʻia ʻo A. Kapp ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Estonia Opera House (ma hope aʻe - he polopeka ma ka conservatory), a neʻe ka ʻohana i Tallinn. Ua noho ʻo Eugen i nā hola ma ka ʻaha mele, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahua alakaʻi o kona makuakāne, e hahai pono ana i nā mea a pau e hana nei a puni. I ka makahiki 1922, ua komo ʻo E. Kapp i ka Conservatory o Tallinn ma ka papa piano o Professor P. Ramul, a laila T. Lembn. Akā ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka haku mele. I ka makahiki 17, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna hana nui mua - He ʻumi mau ʻano no ka Piano ma kahi kumuhana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kona makuakāne. Mai ka makahiki 1926, he haumāna ʻo Eugen ma ka Tallinn Conservatory ma ka papa haku mele a kona makuakāne. Ma ke ʻano he diploma hana ma ka hopena o ka conservatory, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka symphonic poem "The Avenger" (1931) a me ka Piano Trio.

Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory, ho'omau 'o Kapp i ka haku mele. Mai ka makahiki 1936, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka hana hoʻomohala me ke aʻo ʻana: aʻo ʻo ia i ka manaʻo mele ma Tallinn Conservatory. I ka pūnāwai o 1941, ua loaʻa iā Kapp ka hana hanohano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ballet Estonian mua e pili ana i ka epic aupuni ʻo Kalevipoeg (Ke Keiki a Kalev, ma ka libre na A. Syarev). I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela o 1941, ua kākau ʻia ka clavier o ka ballet, a ua hoʻomaka ka haku mele e hoʻokani iā ​​​​ia, akā ua hoʻopau ke kaua i ka hana. ʻO ke poʻomanaʻo nui o ka hana a Kapp, ʻo ia ke kumuhana o ka Motherland: ua kākau ʻo ia i ka First Symphony ("Patriotic", 1943), ka Second Violin Sonata (1943), nā mele "Native Country" (1942, art. J. Kärner), "Labor and Struggle" (1944, st. P. Rummo), "Ua pale ʻoe i nā ʻino" (1944, st. J. Kyarner), etc.

I ka makahiki 1945 ua hoʻopau ʻo Kapp i kāna keaka mua ʻO The Fires of Vengeance (libre P. Rummo). Hana ʻia kāna hana i ka makahiki 1944, i ka wā o ke kipi ʻana o ka poʻe Estonia e kūʻē i ka Teutonic Knights. I ka pau ʻana o ke kaua ma Estonia, ua kākau ʻo Kapp i ka "Victory March" no ka hui keleawe (1948), i kani ʻia i ka wā i komo ai ke kino Estonia i Tallinn. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i Tallinn, ʻo ka manaʻo nui o Kapp e ʻike i ka clavier o kāna bale Kalevipoeg, i waiho ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale i noho ʻia e nā Nazi. I nā makahiki a pau o ke kaua, hopohopo ka haku mele i kona hopena. He aha ka hauʻoli o Kapp i kona ʻike ʻana ua hoʻopakele ka poʻe kūpaʻa i ka clavier! I ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻopau i ka ballet, ua nānā hou ka haku mele i kāna hana. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nuiʻo ia i ke kumuhana nui o ka epic - ka paio o ka poʻe Estonian no ko lākou kūʻokoʻa. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mele Estonian kumu, hōʻike maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka honua o loko o nā mea. Ua hoʻomaka ka ballet ma 10 ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Estonia. Ua lilo ʻo "Kalevipoeg" i mea hoʻokani punahele a ka poʻe Estonian. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kapp: "Ua hauʻoli mau wau i ka poʻe i hāʻawi i ko lākou ikaika, ko lākou ola no ka lanakila o ka manaʻo nui o ka holomua o ka nohona. ʻO ka mahalo i kēia mau ʻano pilikino koʻikoʻi a ke ʻimi nei i kahi ala i waho o ka hana. ʻO kēia manaʻo o kahi mea pena kaulana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kāna mau hana. No ka makahiki 1950 o Soviet Estonia, kākau ʻo Kapp i ka opera The Singer of Freedom (2, 1952nd edition 100, libre P. Rummo). Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ia i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka mea haku mele Estonian kaulana ʻo J. Syutiste. Ua kiola ʻia i loko o ka hale paʻahao e ka poʻe fascist Kelemania, ua kākau kēia koa kūʻokoʻa wiwo ʻole, e like me M. Jalil, i nā mele ahi i loko o ka hale paʻahao, e kāhea ana i ka poʻe e hakakā me nā mea hoʻouka kaua fascist. Pīhoihoi ʻia e ka hopena o S. Allende, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Kapp i kāna cantata requiem ma luna o nā Andes no ka hui mele kāne a me ka mea hoʻokani solo i kona hoʻomanaʻo. I ka manawa o ka XNUMXth anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o ke kipi kaulana ʻo X. Pegelman, ua kākau ʻo Kapp i ke mele "Let the Hammers Knock" e pili ana i kāna mau mele.

I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka opera Rembrandt a Kapp ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Vanemuine. "Ma ka opera Rembrandt," i kākau ai ka mea haku mele, "makemake wau e hōʻike i ka pōʻino o ka hakakā ʻana o kahi mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi me kahi honua mālama ponoʻī a puni ʻole, ka ʻeha o ka hoʻoluhi hana, ka hoʻokaumaha ʻuhane." Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Kapp i ka monumental oratorio Ernst Telman (60, art. M. Kesamaa) i ka makahiki 1977 o ka Great October Revolution.

ʻO kahi ʻaoʻao kūikawā i ka hana a Kapp i hana ʻia i nā hana no nā keiki - nā keaka The Winter's Tale (1958), The Extraordinary Miracle (1984, e pili ana i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo a GX Andersen), The Most Incredible, the ballet The Golden Spinners (1956), ka operetta "Assol" (1966), ka mele "Cornflower miracle" (1982), a me nā mea hana he nui. Ma waena o nā hana o nā makahiki i hala iho nei ʻo "Welcome Overture" (1983), ka cantata "Victory" (ma M. Kesamaa station, 1983), ka Concerto for cello and chamber orchestra (1986), etc.

I loko o kona ola lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻo Kapp iā ia iho i ka hana mele. Kumu ma ka Tallinn Conservatory, ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā haku mele kaulana e like me E. Tamberg, H. Kareva, H. Lemmik, G. Podelsky, V. Lipan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nui nā ʻano hana a Kapp. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonohonoho o ka Estonian Composers' Union a no nā makahiki he nui ʻo ia ka luna o kāna papa.

M. Komissarskaya