Giya Kancheli |

Giya Kancheli

He kālena mele maikaʻi loa, e noho ana i kahi kūlana kumu maoli ma ka honua. L. Nono

He ascetic me ke ʻano o ka maximalist, me ke kāohi ʻana o kahi Vesuvius huna. R. Shchedrin

He haku ʻike i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kahi mea hou me nā ʻano maʻalahi ʻaʻole hiki ke huikau me kekahi mea, ʻokoʻa paha. W. Wolf

ʻO ke kumu o ka mele a G. Kancheli, nona nā laina i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, ua hui pū ʻia me ka wehe loa ʻana o ke ʻano me kāna koho koʻikoʻi, ʻāina ʻāina me ka manaʻo nui o nā manaʻo noʻeau, ke ola haunaele o nā manaʻo me ka haʻahaʻa o ka. ʻO kā lākou hōʻike, maʻalahi me ka hohonu, a me ka hiki ke loaʻa me nā mea hou hoihoi. ʻO ia hui pū ʻana me he mea lā ma ka haʻi haʻi waha wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke mele a ka mea kākau Georgian he mea kūlohelohe mau ia, i hui pū ʻia me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke mele. He hōʻike hoʻohālike noʻeau kēia o ka honua hou i loko o kona huikau paʻakikī.

ʻAʻole waiwai loa ka moʻolelo o ka haku mele i nā hanana o waho. Ua ulu ʻo ia ma Tbilisi, ma ka ʻohana o ke kauka. Maʻaneʻi ua puka 'o ia mai ke kula mele 'ehiku makahiki, a laila ke kumu kula honua o ke kulanui, a ma 1963 wale nō - ka conservatory ma ka papa haku mele o I. Tuski. I loko o kāna mau makahiki haumāna, aia ke mele a Kancheli i ke kikowaena o nā kūkākūkā koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole i pau a hiki i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka mea haku mele i ka USSR State Prize i ka makahiki 1976, a laila ua hoʻāla ʻia me ka ikaika hou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā i ka wā mua i hōʻino ʻia ʻo Kancheli no ka eclecticism, no ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana o kona ʻano ponoʻī a me ka ʻuhane aupuni, a laila ma hope, i ka wā i hoʻokumu piha ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka mea kākau, hoʻomaka lākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hana mua a ka mea haku mele i hōʻike i "kona ʻike ponoʻī i ka manawa mele a me ke keʻena mele" (R. Shchedrin), a ma hope ua hahai ʻo ia i ke ala i koho ʻia me ka hoʻomau ʻana, ʻaʻole e ʻae iā ia iho e hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha paha i kāna mea i loaʻa ai. . Ma kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana aʻe, ʻimi ʻo Kancheli, e like me kāna haʻi ʻana, e ʻimi e "ʻimi nona iho ma kahi liʻiliʻi e piʻi i luna, ʻaʻole i lalo." ʻO ia ke kumu e hana mālie ai ʻo ia, e hoʻopau ana i kekahi mau makahiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i hoʻokahi hana, a hoʻomau mau ʻo ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka manuscript ma hope o ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, a hiki i ka paʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma kahi moʻolelo.

Akā ma waena o nā hana liʻiliʻi a Kancheli, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea hoʻokolohua a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea i hala, e waiho wale i nā mea i kūleʻa ʻole. Ua hoʻohālike kekahi kanaka mele mele Georgian koʻikoʻi ʻo G. Ordzhonikidze i kāna hana me ka "piʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi mauna: mai kēlā me kēia kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolei ʻia ka lewa, e hōʻike ana i nā mamao i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka hohonu o ke ola kanaka." He haku mele i hānau ʻia, piʻi ʻo Kancheli ma o ke kaulike o ka epic i ka pōʻino, me ka nalowale ʻole o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka wikiwiki o ka leo mele. ʻO kāna mau symphonies ʻehiku, me he mea lā, ʻehiku mau ola hou, ʻehiku mokuna o kahi epic e pili ana i ka hakakā mau ma waena o ka maikaʻi a me ka hewa, e pili ana i ka hopena paʻakikī o ka nani. ʻO kēlā me kēia symphony kahi hana kiʻi piha. ʻO nā kiʻi like ʻole, nā hopena dramatic, a ʻo nā symphonies a pau e hana i kahi ʻano macrocycle me kahi prologue tragic (First - 1967) a me "Epilogue" (Seventh - 1986), e like me ka mea kākau, e hōʻuluʻulu i kahi pae hana nui. I loko o kēia macrocycle, ʻo ka Fourth Symphony (1975), ka mea i loaʻa i ka makana mokuʻāina, ʻo ia ka climax mua a me kahi hōʻailona o kahi huli. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kāna mau mea mua ʻelua e ka poetics o Georgian folklore, ka mea nui o ka hale pule a me nā mele kuʻuna, i ʻike hou ʻia i nā makahiki 60. ʻO ka symphony ʻelua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Chants" (1970), ʻo ia ka mea ʻoi loa o nā hana a Kancheli, e hōʻoia ana i ka lokahi o ke kanaka me ke ʻano a me ka mōʻaukala, ka hiki ʻole o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka poʻe. ʻO ke kolu (1973) e like me ka luakini slender i ka nani o ka poʻe akamai inoa ʻole, nā mea hana i ka polyphony choral Georgian. ʻO ka symphony ʻehā, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Michelangelo, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka manaʻo epic ma o ka ʻeha, hoʻokani iā ​​​​ia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hopena o ka mea pena. ʻO Titan, ka mea i uhaʻi i nā kaulahao o ka manawa a me ka lewa i kāna hana, akā ua lilo ʻo ia i mana kanaka ʻole i ke alo o ke ola pōʻino. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka Fifth Symphony (1978) i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā mākua o ka haku mele. Maʻaneʻi, no ka manawa mua paha ma Kancheli, ʻo ke kumuhana o ka manawa, inexorable a me ke aloha, e kau ana i nā palena i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻolana o ke kanaka, ua kala ʻia e ka ʻeha pilikino. A ʻoiai ʻo nā kiʻi āpau o ka symphony - ʻo ke kanikau a me ke kūʻē kūʻē - e hāʻule a hemo paha ma lalo o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kahi mana make ʻike ʻole, lawe ʻia ka manaʻo o ka catharsis. He kaumaha no ka uwe a lanakila. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka symphony i ka ʻahaʻaina o nā mele Soviet ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tours (Iulai 1987), ua kapa ʻia ka paʻi "ʻo ia paha ka hana hoihoi loa i kēia lā." Ma ka Sixth Symphony (1979-81), ua puka hou mai ke ki'i epic o ke ao pau ole, ua akea ka hanu mele, ua nui ka like ole. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e maʻalahi, akā e hoʻokala a hoʻonui i ka hakakā pōʻino. ʻO ka lanakila lanakila o ka symphony ma kekahi mau ʻaha mele kaulana kaulana i hoʻokō ʻia e kāna "super-daring conceptual scope and touching emotional impression."

ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o ka symphonist kaulana i ka Tbilisi Opera House a me ka hoʻokani ʻana o "Music for the Living" ma ʻaneʻi ma 1984 he mea kāhāhā i nā mea he nui. Eia nō naʻe, no ka haku mele ponoʻī, he hoʻomau maoli kēia o kahi hui lōʻihi a hua nui me ka mea alakaʻi ʻo J. Kakhidze, ka mea hoʻokani mua o kāna mau hana a pau, a me ke alakaʻi o ka Georgian Academic Drama Theatre i kapa ʻia ma hope. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Sh. Rustaveli R. Sturua. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kā lākou hana ma ke kahua opera, ua huli pū kēia mau haku i kahi kumuhana koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi ma ʻaneʻi - ke kumumanaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ke ola ma ka honua, nā waiwai o ka moʻomeheu honua - a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano hou, nui, a hoʻohiwahiwa naʻau. Ua ʻike pono ʻia ʻo "Music for the Living" ma ke ʻano he hanana ma ka hale keaka mele Soviet.

Ma hope koke iho o ka opera, ua ʻike ʻia ka lua o ka hana anti-kaua a Kancheli - "Bright Sorrow" (1985) no ka poʻe solo, nā mele a nā keiki a me nā mele symphony nui i nā kikokikona na G. Tabidze, IV Goethe, V. Shakespeare a me A. Pushkin. E like me "Music for the Living", ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia hana i nā keiki - akā ʻaʻole i ka poʻe e ola ma hope o mākou, akā i ka poʻe hewa ʻole o ke Kaua Honua ʻelua. Ua loaʻa me ka hoihoi i ka premiere ma Leipzig (e like me ka Sixth Symphony, ua kākau ʻia ma ke kauoha a ka Gewandhaus orchestra a me ka hale paʻi puke ʻo Peters), ua lilo ʻo Bright Sorrow i kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi loa o nā mele Soviet o nā makahiki 80.

ʻO ka helu hope loa o ka mea haku mele – “Kanikau e ka makani” no ka viola solo a me ka nui symphony orchestra (1988) – ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Givi Ordzhonikidze. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kēia hana ma ka West Berlin Festival i ka makahiki 1989.

Ma ka waena o 60s. Hoʻomaka ʻo Kancheli i ka launa pū ʻana me nā alakaʻi nui o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. I kēia lā, ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 (ka hapa nui i alakaʻi ʻia e E. Shengelaya, G. Danelia, L. Gogoberidze, R. Chkheidze) a kokoke i 30 mau hana, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e R. Sturua. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ka mea haku mele i kāna hana ma ka hale keaka a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni he ʻāpana wale nō o ka hana hoʻomohala hui, ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻaʻohe o kāna mau mele, nā helu keaka a kiʻiʻoniʻoni paha, i paʻi ʻia a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi moʻolelo.

N. Zeifas