Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky |

ʻO Boris Tchaikovsky

He Lūkini hohonu kēia haku mele. ʻO kona honua uhane he honua o nā kuko maʻemaʻe a hanohano. Nui nā mea i haʻi ʻole ʻia i loko o kēia mele, kahi palupalu huna, ka maʻemaʻe uhane nui. G. Sviridov

ʻO B. Tchaikovsky kahi haku ʻālohilohi a kumu maoli, nona ka hana kumu, kumu a me ka lepo hohonu o ka noʻonoʻo mele e hui pū ʻia. No nā makahiki he nui, ʻo ka mea haku mele, ʻoiai nā hoʻowalewale o ke ʻano a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, hele ʻole ʻo ia i kāna ala ponoʻī i ke kiʻi. He mea koʻikoʻi ke ʻano wiwo ʻole o kāna hoʻokomo ʻana i kāna mau hana i nā oli maʻalahi a maʻalahi i kekahi manawa. No ka mea, ua hele i loko o ka kānana o kona kamahaʻo leo manaʻo, inexhaustible ingenuity, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka mea e like me incompatible, kona hou, akaka instrumentation, graphically maopopo, akā, waiwai i loko o ka waihoʻoluʻu kikokikona, ka loa maʻamau intonation mole ike aku i ka mea hoʻolohe me he mea lā hānau hou. , hōʻike i kona ʻano, kona kumu ...

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo B. Tchaikovsky i loko o kahi ʻohana i aloha nui ʻia ke mele a ua paipai ʻia kā lāua mau keiki kāne e aʻo i ia mea, a ua koho lāua ʻelua i ka mele i kā lākou ʻoihana. I ka wā kamaliʻi, ua haku ʻo B. Tchaikovsky i nā ʻāpana piano mua. Aia kekahi o lākou i loko o ka repertoire o nā piano piano ʻōpio. Ma ke kula kaulana o ka Gnessins, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka piano me kekahi o kāna mau mea hoʻokumu ʻo E. Gnesina lāua ʻo A. Golovina, a ʻo kāna kumu mua ma ka haku mele ʻo E. Messner, he kanaka nāna i hānai i nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana, a ʻike maopopo loa i ka pehea e hana ai. alakaʻi i kahi keiki e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia paʻakikī. nā hana haku mele, e hōʻike iā ia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka intonational a me ka conjugations.

Ma ke kula a ma ka Moscow Conservatory, ua aʻo ʻo B. Tchaikovsky i nā papa o nā haku Soviet kaulana - V. Shebalin, D. Shostakovich, N. Myaskovsky. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka ʻano hana o ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio, a Myaskovsky i hoʻokumu ai penei: "He hale kūʻai Lūkini kūikawā, koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻenehana haku mele maikaʻi ..." Ma ka manawa like, ua aʻo ʻo B. Tchaikovsky i ka papa o ka mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻo L. Oborin. Ke hana mau nei ka haku mele ma ke ʻano he unuhi ʻōlelo o kāna mau haku mele i kēia mau lā. Ma kāna hana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka Piano Concerto, Trio, Violin a me Cello Sonatas, Piano Quintet ma nā moʻolelo gramophone.

I ka wā mua o kāna hana, ua hana ka mea haku mele i kekahi mau hana nui: ka First Symphony (1947), Fantasia on Russian Folk Themes (1950), Slavic Rhapsody (1951). Sinfonietta no ka string orchestra (1953). I loko o kēlā me kēia o lākou, ʻike ka mea kākau i kahi manaʻo maoli, hohonu pilikino i nā manaʻo i ʻike ʻia i ka intonation-melodic a me nā manaʻo maʻamau-semantic, i nā ʻano kuʻuna, ʻaʻohe wahi e hele ana i nā stereotyped, stilted solutions maʻamau i kēlā mau makahiki. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha ua hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau haku mele i nā alakaʻi e like me S. Samosud a me A. Gauk i kā lākou repertoire. I ka makahiki 1954-64, e kaupalena ana iā ia iho i ke kahua o nā ʻano mea kani (Piano Trio - 1953; Quartet Mua - 1954; String Trio - 1955; Sonata no Cello a me Piano, Concerto no Clarinet a me Chamber Orchestra - 1957; Sonata no Violin a me piano - 1959; Quartet Lua - 1961; Piano Quintet - 1962), ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala wale ka mea haku mele i nā huaʻōlelo mele maopopo ʻole, akā ua ʻike pū kekahi i nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o kāna honua kiʻi ponoʻī, kahi o ka nani, i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā kumuhana melodic, ma ka Lūkini. manuahi, wikiwiki ʻole, "laconic", ʻike ʻia he hōʻailona o ka maʻemaʻe pono a me ka hoʻomanawanui o ke kanaka.

ʻO ka Cello Concerto (1964) wehe i kahi manawa hou i ka hana a B. Tchaikovsky, i hōʻailona ʻia e nā manaʻo symphonic nui e kau nei i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi o ka noho ʻana. Hoʻomaha, manaʻo ola collides i loko o ia mau mea me ka indifferently pau ole ka holo o ka manawa, a me ka inertia, ka hana maʻamau o kela la i keia ritualism, a me ka ominous uila o unrestrained, lokoʻino aggressiveness. I kekahi manawa hoʻopau pōʻino kēia mau hui ʻana, akā naʻe i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka mea hoʻolohe e mālama i nā manawa o nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe, nā piʻi o ka ʻuhane kanaka. ʻO ia ka lua (1967) a me ke kolu, "Sevastopol" (1980), symphonies; Theme and Eight Variations (1973, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Dresden Staatskapelle); nā mele symphonic "Wind of Siberia" a me "Teenager" (ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka moʻolelo na F. Dostoevsky - 1984); Mele no ka Orchestra (1987); Violin (1969) and Piano (1971) concertos; ʻEhā (1972), ʻElima (1974) a me ʻEono (1976) quartets.

I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo lyrical ma hope o ka hapalua hoʻohenehene, ka hapalua-ironic masks o ka stylization a i ʻole ka ʻano maloʻo. Akā, i loko o ka Partita no cello a me ke keʻena ensemble (1966) a me ka Chamber Symphony, ma sublimely kaumaha finales, i waena o nā ʻāpana-echoes o mua chorales a me ka neʻe hele ana, unisons a me toccatas, mea fragile a malū pilikino, aloha, ua hoikeia mai. . I loko o ka Sonata no nā piano ʻelua (1973) a me ka ʻeono Etudes no nā kaula a me ka ʻōkana (1977), hūnā ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka lua o ka hoʻolālā - sketches, "etudes" e pili ana i nā manaʻo a me nā noʻonoʻo, nā manaʻo like ʻole o ke ola, me ka mālie. e hoʻokumu ana i kahi kiʻi like ʻole o ka "honua kanaka". Kakaʻikahi ka mea haku mele i nā mea i unuhi ʻia mai ka waihona o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna hana hoʻonaʻauao ma ka conservatory - ka opera "Star" ma hope o E. Kazakevich (1949) - ʻaʻole i pau. Akā ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā hana leo a B. Tchaikovsky i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi: ka mea pena a me kona hopena (cycle "Pushkin's Lyrics" - 1972), nā noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke ola a me ka make (cantata no ka soprano, harpsichord a me nā string "Signs of the Zodiac" ma F. Tyutchev, A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva a me N. Zabolotsky), e pili ana i ke kanaka a me ke ʻano (ka pōʻai "Last Spring" ma ke kahua o N. Zabolotsky). I ka makahiki 1988, ma ka ʻahaʻaina o nā mele Soviet ma Boston (USA), ua hana ʻia nā mele ʻehā o I. Brodsky, i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1965, no ka manawa mua. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kā lākou mele ma ko mākou ʻāina i ka transcription o ka mea kākau o 1984 (ʻEhā preludes no ka chamber orchestra). Ma ka Moscow Autumn-88 festival wale nō i kani ka pōʻaiapuni no ka manawa mua ma USSR i kāna ʻano kumu.

ʻO B. Tchaikovsky ka mea kākau o nā mele mele a me ka leʻaleʻa no nā moʻolelo lekiō no nā keiki e pili ana iā GX Andersen a me D. Samoilov: "The Tin Soldier", "Galoshes of Happiness", "Swineherd", "Puss in Boots", "Tourist Elephant" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻike ʻia hoʻi i ka mahalo i nā moʻolelo gramophone. No ka maʻalahi o waho a me ka unpretentiousness, he nui nā kikoʻī kikoʻī, nā hoʻomanaʻo maʻalahi, akā ʻo nā ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi loa o ka standardization schlager, stampedness, kahi i hewa ai nā huahana i kekahi manawa. E like me ka hou, pololei a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna mau mele mele i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me Seryozha, Balzaminov's Marriage, Aibolit-66, Patch and Cloud, French Lessons, Teenager.

Ma keʻano kiʻi, ma nā hana a B. Tchaikovsky he mau memo kakaikahi, akā he nui nā mele, ka nui o ka ea, ka lewa. ʻAʻole banal kāna mau leo, akā ʻo kā lākou maʻemaʻe a me nā mea hou he mamao loa ia mai nā hoʻokolohua "chemically pure", i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai kahi hint o ka intonation o kēlā me kēia lā, a mai nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e "flirt" me kēia kaiapuni. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka hana noʻonoʻo luhi ʻole i loko o lākou. Pono kēia mele i ka hana like o ka ʻuhane mai ka mea hoʻolohe, hāʻawi iā ia i ka leʻaleʻa kiʻekiʻe mai ka ʻike intuitive o ka lokahi o ke ao nei, ka mea hiki ke hāʻawi wale i nā kiʻi maoli.

V. Licht