Andre Jolivet |

ʻO Andre Jolivet

Makemake au e hoʻihoʻi i ke mele i kona manaʻo kahiko, ʻoiai he hōʻike ia o ke kumu kilokilo a me ka hoʻomana hoʻomana e hoʻohui i nā kānaka. A. Zholyve

Ua ʻōlelo ka haku mele Farani hou ʻo A. Jolivet, e hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e "he kanaka maoli maoli, he kanaka o ka lewa." Ua mālama ʻo ia i ke mele ma ke ʻano he mana kupua e hoʻopā ai i nā kānaka. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kēia hopena, ʻimi mau ʻo Jolivet i nā hui timbre maʻamau. Hiki i kēia mau ʻano exotic a me nā mele o nā poʻe o ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me Oceania, nā hopena sonorous (ke pā ke kani i kona kala me ka ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā leo pākahi) a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo Jolivet ma ka lewa mele ma waena o 30s, i ka wā i hana ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka hui Young France (1936), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo O. Messiaen, I. Baudrier a me D. Lesure. Ua kāhea kēia poʻe haku mele i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka "mele ola" piha i ka "mahanahana uhane", ua moe lākou i kahi "humanism hou" a me " romanticism hou " (ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana i ka hoihoi me ka constructivism i nā makahiki 20). I ka makahiki 1939, ua haʻihaʻi ke kaiāulu, a ua hele kēlā me kēia lālā i kona ala ponoʻī, e kūpaʻa mau ana i nā manaʻo o ka ʻōpio. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Jolivet i loko o kahi ʻohana mele (he pianist maikaʻi kona makuahine). Ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā kumu o ka haku mele me P. Le Flem, a laila - me E. Varèse (1929-33) i ka mea kani. Mai Varèse, ke kupuna o ka sonor a me ke mele uila, ʻo Jolivet ka makemake i nā hoʻokolohua leo kala i nā ʻano he nui. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he haku mele, aia ʻo Jolivet i ka manaʻo o ka "ʻike i ke ʻano o ka" incantatory magic "o ke mele." ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuni o nā ʻāpana piano "Mana" (1935). ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "mana" ma kekahi o nā ʻōlelo ʻApelika ʻo ia ka mana pohihihi e noho nei i nā mea. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia laina e nā "Incantations" no ka ʻohe ohe, "Ritual Dances" no ka hoʻokani pila, "Symphony of Dances and Delphic Suite" no ke keleawe, nā nalu Martenot, ka lira a me ke kani. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻo Jolivet i nā nalu Martenot - i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 20. he mea kani uila e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e like me ke kani honua ʻole.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo Jolivet a ua hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa i ka pūʻali koa. ʻO nā manaʻo o ke kaua i hopena i "ʻEkolu hoʻopiʻi o kahi koa" - kahi leo leo o ke keʻena ma kāna mau mele ponoʻī (He kālena kākau moʻolelo maikaʻi loa ʻo Jolivet a ua kānalua ʻo ia i kona wā ʻōpio i ka mea o ka ʻoihana e makemake ai). 40s - he manawa hoʻololi i ke ʻano o Jolivet. ʻO ka Sonata Piano Mua (1945), i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka haku mele Hungarian ʻo B. Bartok, ʻokoʻa mai nā "spells" mua i ka ikehu a me ka maopopo o ke kani. Ke hoʻonui nei ka pōʻai o nā genres ma ʻaneʻi a me ka opera ("Dolores, or the Miracle of the Ugly Woman"), a me 4 ballets. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou, ʻo "Guignol and Pandora" (1944), hoʻāla i ka ʻuhane o nā hana papeti farcical. Ua kākau ʻo Jolivet i 3 symphonies, orchestral suites ("Transoceanic" a me "French"), akā ʻo kāna ʻano punahele i nā makahiki 40-60. he ahamele. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā mea kani i loko o nā concerto a Jolivet wale nō e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻimi luhi ʻole no ka hōʻike timbre. Ua kākau ʻo Jolivet i kāna concerto mua no nā nalu na Martenot a me ka orchestra (1947). Ua ukali ʻia e nā concerto no ka pū (2), ʻohe, piano, harp, bassoon, cello (ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka Second Cello Concerto iā M. Rostropovich). Aia kekahi ʻahamele ma kahi o nā mea kani hoʻokahi! Ma ka Concerto ʻElua no ka pū a me ka orkestra, lohe ʻia nā leo jazz, a ma ka concerto piano, me ka jazz, lohe ʻia nā leo o nā mele ʻApelika a me Polenekia. Nui ka poʻe haku mele Farani (C. Debussy, A. Roussel, O. Messiaen) i nānā i nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻohālikelike me Jolivet i ka hoʻomau o kēia hoihoi, hiki ke kapa iā ia ʻo "Gauguin i ke mele."

ʻOkoʻa loa nā hana a Jolivet ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila. No ka manawa lōʻihi (1945-59) ʻo ia ke alakaʻi mele o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Paris Comedie Francaise; i nā makahiki i hana ʻo ia i nā mele no nā hana 13 (ma waena o lākou "The Imaginary Sick" na JB Moliere, "Iphigenia in Aulis" na Euripides). Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, ua hana ʻo Jolivet i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua a kipa pinepine i ka USSR. Ua hōʻike ʻia kāna talena moʻokalaleo ma kahi puke e pili ana iā L. Beethoven (1955); e hoʻoikaika mau ana e kamaʻilio me ka lehulehu, ua hana ʻo Jolivet ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻoaʻo a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ʻo ia ka mea aʻoaʻo nui ma nā pilikia mele ma ke Kuhina Kūʻai Farani.

I nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Jolivet iā ia iho i ke aʻo ʻana. Mai ka makahiki 1966 a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, ua paʻa ka haku mele i ke kūlana o ke kaukaʻi ma Paris Conservatory, kahi āna e aʻo ai i kahi papa haku mele.

Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ke mele a me kona hopena hoʻokalakupua, ua nānā ʻo Jolivet i ke kamaʻilio, ka manaʻo o ka lokahi ma waena o nā kānaka a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa: "ʻO ka mele ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana… Ke kamaʻilio ma waena o ka haku mele a me ke ʻano… kamaʻilio ma waena o ka mea haku mele a me ka lehulehu i ka manawa o nā hana hana". Ua hoʻokō ka mea haku mele i ka lokahi i kekahi o kāna mau hana nui loa - ʻo ka oratorio "The Truth about Jeanne". Ua hana ia no ka manawa mua ma 1956 (500 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Joan of Arc) ma ka ʻāina hānau o ka heroine - ma ke kauhale o Domremy. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Jolivet i nā kikokikona o nā protocols o kēia kaʻina hana, a me nā mele a nā poʻe haku kahiko (me Charles o Orleans). ʻAʻole i hana ʻia ka oratorio ma ke keʻena ʻaha mele, akā ma ke ākea, i mua o kekahi mau tausani kānaka.

K. Zenkin