Josken Depre (Josken Depre) |

ʻO Josquin Depret

He ʻelele koʻikoʻi ʻo Josquin Despres o ke kula Dutch o nā polyphonists. ʻAʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia kona wahi i hānau ai. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi iā ia he Flemish, ʻoiai ma nā palapala he nui o ke kenekulia 1459. ʻO Josquin ka inoa Farani. ʻAʻohe ʻike hilinaʻi i mālama ʻia e pili ana i nā kumu a ka haku mele. ʻO ka mea nui paha, ʻo kekahi o lākou ka I. Okegem nui. ʻO ka palapala hōʻike mua o ke ola o Josquin, e pili ana iā ia ma ke ʻano he mele o ka Milan Cathedral, e pili ana i ka makahiki 1459. Ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ka hale pule ʻo Milan me nā hoʻomaha pōkole mai 1472 a i 1486. ​​Aia paha ʻo ia ma ke aloaliʻi o ka koʻikoʻi ʻo Cardinal Ascanio Sforza. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hou aʻe i kākau maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Josquin aia ma 60, i kona wā he mele mele ma ka hale pule pope ma Roma. I ka makahiki o XNUMX, hoʻi ʻo Josquin i Farani. He mea haku mele koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Hōʻike ʻo Glarean i kahi moʻolelo e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka pili ʻana o Josquin i ke aloaliʻi o Louis XII. Ua kauoha ka mōʻī i ka mea haku mele i kahi pāʻani polyphonic me ke ʻano e komo ai ʻo ia iho, ma ke ʻano he mele, i kāna hana no kekahi manawa. He leo koʻikoʻi ko ka mōʻī (a he lohe paha), no laila ua kākau ʻo Josquin i ka hapa tenor, ʻo ia hoʻi ... hoʻokahi leka. ʻOiaʻiʻo a ʻaʻole paha, ʻo kēia moʻolelo, i kēlā me kēia hihia, ke hōʻike nei i ka mana nui o Josquin ma waena o nā mea hoʻokani pila ʻoihana a ma waena o nā pōʻai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka nohona pili honua.

I ka makahiki 1502, komo ʻo Josquin i ka lawelawe a ke Duke o Ferrara. (He mea kupanaha no ka imi ana o ke duke i ke poo o kona hale pule hookolokolo, ua kanalua no kekahi manawa mawaena o G. Izak a me Josquin, aka nae, ua koho oia i ka hope.) Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua koi ʻia ʻo Josquin e waiho i ke kulana pono. ʻO kona haʻalele koke ʻana ma muli paha o ka puka ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau i ka makahiki 1503. Ua haʻalele ke duke a me kona aloaliʻi, a me ʻelua hapakolu o ka heluna o ke kūlanakauhale iā Ferrara. Ua pani ʻia ko Josquin wahi e J. Obrecht, ka mea i make i ke ahulau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1505.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Josquin i nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Conde-sur-lʻEscaut ma Farani, kahi āna i lawelawe ai ma ke ʻano he rector o ka hale pule kūloko. Hōʻike nā hana o kēia wā i ka pilina o Josquin me ke kula polyphonic Dutch.

ʻO Josquin kekahi o nā haku haku mele o ka Renaissance hope loa. Ma kāna hoʻoilina hoʻoilina, hāʻawi ʻia ka wahi nui i nā ʻano ʻuhane: 18 mau lehulehu (ʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻo "Armed Man", "Pange lingua" a me "Mass of the Blessed Virgin"), ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau motets a me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Ua lanakila ʻo Josquin i kahi hui kūlohelohe o nā manaʻo hohonu a me nā manaʻo philosophical me kahi ʻenehana virtuoso o ka haku mele. Me nā hana ʻuhane, ua kākau pū ʻo ia ma ke ʻano o nā mele polyphonic secular (ma ka nui o nā kikokikona Farani - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo chanson). Ma kēia ʻāpana o kāna hoʻoilina hoʻokumu, hoʻokokoke ka mea haku mele i ke ʻano kumu o nā mele ʻoihana, hilinaʻi pinepine i nā mele a me ka hula.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Josquin i kona wā e ola ana. ʻAʻole i pau kona kaulana i ka makahiki XNUMX. Ua mahalo ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea kākau kaulana e like me B. Castiglione, P. Ronsard a me F. Rabelais. ʻO Josquin ka mea haku mele punahele a M. Luther, nāna i kākau e pili ana iā ia: “Hōʻike ʻo Josquin i nā memo i kāna makemake. Ua koi ʻia nā haku mele ʻē aʻe e hana i ka mea a nā memo i kauoha ai iā lākou.

S. Lebedev