Consonance |

ʻO ka consonance Farani, mai ka lat. consonantia - mau, consonant sound, consonance, harmony

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike o nā leo kani i ka manawa like, a me ka consonance, i ʻike ʻia e like me ka hui ʻana o nā leo. Kūʻē ka manaʻo o K. i ka manaʻo o dissonance. K. komo ka prima maʻemaʻe, octave, ʻelima, ʻehā, nui a me nā hapakolu liʻiliʻi a me ke ono (ʻo ka hā maʻemaʻe, i lawe ʻia e pili ana i ka bass, ua unuhi ʻia he dissonance) a me nā mele i haku ʻia i kēia mau wā me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā dissonant (nui a me ka liʻiliʻi. triad me kā lākou hoʻopiʻi). Noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o K. a me dissonance ma 4 mau ʻano: makemakika., kino. (acoustic), mele a me ka physiological a me ka muz.-psychological.

Ma ka makemakika, he pili helu ma'alahi ka K. ma mua o ka dissonance (ka mana'o kahiko loa o ka Pythagoreans). No ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻia nā wā kūlohelohe e nā lakene o nā helu vibration a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kaula: prima maʻemaʻe - 1:1, octave maʻemaʻe - 1:2, ʻelima maʻemaʻe - 2:3, ʻehā maʻemaʻe - 3:4, ʻeono nui - 3 :5, ka hapakolu nui he 4:5, he 5:6 ka hapakolu uuku, he 5:8 ka hapa ono. ʻO ka Acoustically, K. ʻo ia ka consonance o nā leo, me Krom (e like me G. Helmholtz) ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka i nā kuʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​kuʻi e lohe nāwaliwali ʻia, ʻokoʻa me nā dissonances me ko lākou mau kukuna ikaika. Mai kēia mau manaʻo, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka coherence a me ka dissonance he quantitative wale nō, a ʻo ka palena ma waena o lākou he kuʻuna. Ma ke ʻano he mele-physiological, ʻo ke ʻano o K. he leo mālie, palupalu, hana ʻoluʻolu ma nā kikowaena nerve o ka mea ʻike. Wahi a G. Helmholtz, hāʻawi ʻo K. i "kahi ʻano ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻoluʻolu a me ke ʻano like ʻole o nā aʻalolo auditory."

No ka lokahi o ka mele polyphonic, he mea nui ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka dissonance a hiki i K. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻāʻī e pili ana i kēia hoʻololi e hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo kūikawā o ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hōʻike ikaika loa. mea o ka lokahi, mele. ʻO ka hoʻololi manawa o ka piʻi dissonant a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā consonant o nā harmonics. nā puka uila, me he mea lā, "harmonic. hanu" o ke mele, ua like kekahi hapa me kekahi mea olaola. nā kani (systole a me ka diastole i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka puʻuwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).

Ma ke mele a me ka noʻonoʻo, ʻo ka lokahi, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka dissonance, he hōʻike ia o ke kūpaʻa, ka maluhia, ka nele o ka manaʻo, ka hauʻoli, a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka gravity; i loko o ka papa hana o ka major-minor tonal system, he qualitative ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o K. a me dissonance, hiki i kahi degere o ke kūʻē ʻoi, ʻokoʻa, a loaʻa iā ia kona ʻano ponoʻī. waiwai nani.

ʻO ka pilikia o K. ʻo ia ke keʻena koʻikoʻi mua o ka manaʻo mele, e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana o nā wā, nā ʻano, nā muses. nā ʻōnaehana, nā mea kani, a me ke aʻo ʻana o ka hale kūʻai polyphonic (ma ka manaʻo ākea - counterpoint), chord, harmoni, ultimately extending a hiki i ka mōʻaukala o ke mele. ʻO ka wā mōʻaukala o ka ulu ʻana o ke mele (e uhi ana ma kahi o 2800 mau makahiki), me kona paʻakikī a pau, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mea i hui like ʻia, ma ke ʻano he ulu kūlohelohe o nā muses. ʻike, ʻo kekahi o nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi ka manaʻo o ke kākoʻo hiki ʻole - ke kumu consonant o nā muses. nā hale. ʻO ka prehistory o K. ma ke mele he muses. ka haku ʻana i ka lakio o ka prima maʻemaʻe 1: 1 i ke ʻano o ka hoʻi ʻana i ke kani (a i ʻelua, ʻekolu mau leo), i hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻano like me ia iho (e kūʻē i ka glissanding kumu, ke ʻano mua o ka leo kani. ). I huiia me K. 1:1, ua paa ka loina o ka lokahi. ʻO ka pae aʻe o ka haku ʻana i ke k. ʻO ka leo o ka hā o ka 4:3 a me ka ʻelima 3:2, a ʻo ka hā, ma ke ʻano he wā liʻiliʻi, ma mua o ka mōʻaukala ma mua o ka lima, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma ke ʻano o ka acoustics (ka mea i kapa ʻia epoch o ka hā). ʻO kahi quart, a quint a me kahi octave e hoʻomohala mai iā lākou e lilo i mea hoʻoponopono o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano, e kāohi ana i ka neʻe ʻana o kahi mele. ʻO kēia pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o K. e hōʻike ana, no ka laʻana, ke ʻano o ka mea kahiko. Helene (he laʻana maʻamau ka Skoliya Seikila, 1st century BC). I ka wā kahiko o Middle Ages (e hoʻomaka ana i ke kenekulia ʻeiwa), ua ala mai nā ʻano polyphonic (organum, gimel, a me fauburdon), kahi i hoʻopuehu ʻia ai ka mea mua i ka manawa genres i lilo i ka manawa like (parallel organum in Musica enchiriadis, c. 9th century). I ke au o ka hopena o ka Middle Ages, ua hoomaka ka ulu ana o ka hapakolu a me ke ono (9: 5, 4: 6, 5: 5, 3: 8) e like me K.; ma Nar. mele (no ka laʻana, ma ʻEnelani, ʻEkokia), ua hana kēia hoʻololi, ʻoiai, ma mua o ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka pili o ka hale pule. kuʻuna. ʻO nā lanakila o ka Renaissance (5th-14th century) - ka'āpono o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ka hapakolu a me ke ono e like me K.; ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i loko e like me ka melodic. ʻano, a me nā palapala polyphonic a pau; ka paipai ʻana i kahi triad consonant ma ke ʻano he kumu nui. ʻano consonance. ʻO nā manawa hou (16-17 mau kenekulia) - ka pua kiʻekiʻe loa o ka paʻakikī consonant leo ʻekolu (ʻike mua ʻia ʻo K. he triad consonant fused, ʻaʻole ia he hui o nā consonant two-tones). Mai con. ʻO ke kenekulia 19 ma ʻEulopa ke ulu nui nei ka dissonance i ke mele; ʻO ka ʻoi, ka ikaika, ka nani o ka leo o ka hope, ka paʻakikī nui o nā pilina kani maʻamau, ua lilo ia i mau waiwai, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻololi i ka pilina mua ma waena o K. a me dissonance.

ʻO ka manaʻo mua i ʻike ʻia o K. ua waihoia mai e Anetich. mea hoʻokani pila. Ua hoʻokumu ke kula Pythagorean (6th-4th century BC) i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o nā consonances, ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka hopena o ka wā kahiko a he hopena i ka Middle Ages no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻEulopa (ma o Boethius). Wahi a ka Pythagoreans, ʻo K. ʻo ia ka pili helu maʻalahi loa. E noʻonoʻo ana i nā mele Helene maʻamau. hana, ua hoʻokumu nā Pythagoreans i 6 "symphonies" (lit. - "consonances", ie K.): he kuata, he hapalima, he octave a me ko lakou octave repetitions. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wā āpau ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he "diaphonics" (dissonances), incl. hapakolu a me ke ono. K. ua hoaponoia ma ka makemakika (ma ka ratio o ka loa o ke kaula ma ka monochord). Kauka ka manao o K. mai Aristoxenus a me kāna kula, nāna i ʻōlelo ʻo K. he ano oluolu. Kahiko elua. Hoʻopili maoli nā manaʻo i kekahi i kekahi, e kau ana i ke kumu o ke kino a me ka makemakika. a me ke mele-psychological. nā lālā manaʻo. musicology. Ua hōʻike ka poʻe theorists o ka Middle Ages i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe kahiko. Ma ke kenekulia 13 wale nō, i ka hopena o ka Middle Ages, ua kākau mua ʻia ka consonance o ka hapakolu e ka ʻepekema (concordantia imperfecta na Johannes de Garlandia ka Elder a me Franco o Cologne). ʻO kēia palena ma waena o nā consonants (ua hoʻokomo koke ʻia nā ʻeono i waena o lākou) a ua mālama ʻia nā dissonances i ke kumumanaʻo a hiki i ko mākou manawa. ʻO ka triad ma ke ʻano he ʻano triad ua lanakila mālie ʻia e ka manaʻo mele (ka hui pū ʻana o nā triad hemolele a me ka pono ʻole e W. Odington, c. 1300; ka ʻike ʻana o nā triads he ʻano hui kūikawā e Tsarlino, 1558). Kūlike ka wehewehe ʻana o nā triad e like me k. hāʻawi ʻia ma nā ʻōlelo aʻo e pili ana i ka lokahi o ka manawa hou (kahi o k. of chords replaced the mua k. o na kaawale). J. F. ʻO Rameau ka mea mua i hāʻawi i ka manaʻo ākea no ka triad-K. ma ke ano he kahua o ke mele. Wahi a ka manaʻo hana (M. Hauptmann, G. Helmholtz, X. Riemann), K. ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ke ʻano. nā kānāwai o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau leo ​​i hoʻokahi, a ʻelua wale nō ʻano o ka consonance (Klang): 1) nui. leo, ka lima o luna a me ke kolu nui nui (major triad) a me 2) nui. leo, haʻahaʻa ʻelima a haʻahaʻa nui kolu (minor triad). ʻO nā leo o kahi triad nui a liʻiliʻi paha ke ʻano K. aia wale nō ke manaʻo ʻia aia lākou i ka consonance hoʻokahi - ʻo T, a i ʻole D, a i ʻole S. Acoustically consonant, akā, pili i nā consonances like ʻole (no ka laʻana, d1 – f1 i C-dur) , e like me Riemann, he mau "consonances noʻonoʻo" wale nō (ma ʻaneʻi, me ka maopopo loa, ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano kino a me ke kino o K. , ma kekahiʻaoʻao, a me ka psychological, ma kekahi, ua hōʻikeʻia). ʻO Mn. theorists of the 20th century, reflecting the modern. noonoo lakou. hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻoili ʻia i ka dissonance i nā hana nui loa o ke kiʻi - ke kuleana o ka manuahi (me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka ʻae) noi, ka hiki ke hoʻopau i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana holoʻokoʻa. A. Ua hōʻoia ʻo Schoenberg i ka pilina o ka palena ma waena o K. a me ka dissonance; Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka manaʻo like e P. Hindemith. B. L. ʻO Yavorsky kekahi o nā mea mua i hōʻole loa i kēia palena. B. V. Ua hoʻohewa nui ʻo Asafiev i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o K.

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ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov