Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo MI Chulaki ma Simferopol, ma ka ʻohana o kahi limahana. Hoʻopili ʻia kāna mau mele mele mua me kona kūlanakauhale hānau. Hoʻokani pinepine ʻia nā mele symphonic kahiko ma lalo o ka pahu o nā alakaʻi kaulana - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Ua hele mai nā mea hoʻokani pila nui loa - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

Ua loaʻa iā Chulaki kāna hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana mua ma ke kula ʻo Simferopol Musical College. ʻO II Chernov ke kumu aʻo mua o Chulaki ma ka haku mele, he haumāna o NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia pilina pili ʻole me nā kuʻuna o ke Kula ʻo New Russian Musical i nā haku mele mua, i kākau nui ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o ke mele a Rimsky-Korsakov. Ma ka Leningrad Conservatory, kahi i komo ai ʻo Chulaki i ka makahiki 1926, ʻo ke kumu haku mele he haumāna mua no Rimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, a laila wale nō ka mea haku mele Soviet kaulana ʻo VV Shcherbachev. ʻO nā hana diploma a ka mea haku mele ʻo ka First Symphony (i hana mua ʻia ma Kislovodsk), ʻo ia ka mele, e like me ka mea kākau iā ia iho, ua hoʻohuli nui ʻia e nā kiʻi o nā hana symphonic a AP Borodin, a me ka suite no nā piano ʻelua " May Pictures", i hana pinepine ʻia e nā piano piano kaulana Soviet a ua hōʻike mua i nā ʻano he nui i ke ʻano o ka mea kākau.

Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory, ua kuhikuhi nui 'ia ka hoihoi o ka haku mele i ke 'ano, kahi i mana'o 'ia e holomua 'o ia. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ballet mua a Chulaki, ʻo The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda (ma hope o A. Pushkin, 1939), i ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu, he paʻi nui, a hoʻokani ʻia e ka Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (MALEGOT) i hōʻike ʻia ma Moscow ma he ʻumi makahiki o ke kiʻi Leningrad. ʻO nā ballets ʻelua a Chulaki - "The Imaginary Groom" (ma hope o C. Goldoni, 1946) a me "Youth" (ma hope o N. Ostrovsky, 1949), i hoʻokani ʻia no ka manawa mua e MALEGOT, ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā makana USSR State (ma 1949 a me 1950). XNUMX).

Ua waiho pū ka honua o ka hale keaka i kāna hana symphonic a Chulaki. Ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia ma kāna Symphony ʻelua, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka lanakila o ka poʻe Soviet i ke Kaua Patriotic Nui (1946, State Prize of the USSR - 1947), a me ka symphonic cycle "Songs and Dances of Old France", kahi e noʻonoʻo ai ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻano hana keaka, hana i nā kiʻi waihoʻoluʻu, ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka Symphony ʻEkolu (symphony-concert, 1959) i kākau ʻia i loko o ke ʻano like, a me ka ʻāpana ʻaha mele no ka hui o nā violinists o ka Bolshoi Theatre - "Russian Holiday", kahi hana ʻālohilohi o kahi ʻano virtuoso, i loaʻa koke ka laulā. kaulana, hoʻokani pinepine ʻia ma nā kahua ʻaha mele a me ka lekiō, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi moʻolelo gramophone.

Ma waena o nā hana a ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, pono e haʻi mua i ka cantata "Ma nā kapa o Volkhov", i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1944, i ka wā e noho ai ʻo Chulaka ma mua o Volkhov. He kōkua nui kēia hana i nā mele Soviet, e hōʻike ana i nā makahiki kaua koa.

Ma ke kahua o ka leo a me ke mele mele, ʻo ka hana koʻikoʻi loa o Chulaka ka pōʻai o nā papa mele a cappella "Lenin me mākou" i nā pauku o M. Lisyansky, i kākau ʻia ma 1960. Ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 60-70, ua hana ka mea haku mele. he mau mele leo, ma waena o nā pōʻai no ka leo a me ka piano "Abundance" i nā pauku o W. Whitman a me "The Years Fly" i nā pauku o Vs. Grekov.

ʻO ka hoihoi mau o ka mea haku mele i ke ʻano mele a me ke keaka i kumu i ke ʻano o ka ballet "Ivan the Terrible" e pili ana i ke mele a SS Prokofiev no ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka inoa like. ʻO ka haku mele a me ke mele o ka ballet i hana ʻia e Chulaki ma ke kauoha a ka Bolshoi Theatre o ka USSR, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai i ka makahiki 1975, kahi i hoʻonui nui ai i ka repertoire o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a lanakila i ka lanakila me nā poʻe Soviet a me nā malihini.

Me ka noʻonoʻo, ua nānā nui ʻo Chulaki i ka hana aʻoaʻo. No nā makahiki he kanalima, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna ʻike a me kāna ʻike waiwai i nā mea mele ʻōpio: i ka makahiki 1933 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo ma ka Leningrad Conservatory (nā papa o ka haku mele a me nā mea kani), mai ka makahiki 1948 aia kona inoa i waena o nā kumu ma ka Conservatory Moscow. Mai ka makahiki 1962 he polopeka 'o ia ma ka conservatory. ʻO kāna mau haumāna i nā makahiki like ʻole ʻo A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyeva, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev a me na mea e ae.

Ma ka papa o Chulaka, he lewa o ka manao maikai a me ka oiaio. Ua mālama pono ke kumu i nā ʻano pilikino o kāna mau haumāna, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻomohala i kā lākou mau mea kūlohelohe i loko o kahi hui kūlohelohe me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi waiwai waiwai o nā ʻenehana haku mele hou. ʻO ka hopena o kāna mau makahiki he nui o ka hana aʻoaʻo ma ke ʻano o ka mea kani, ʻo ia ka puke "Tools of the Symphony Orchestra" (1950) - ka puke haʻawina kaulana loa, i hala ʻehā mau paʻi.

ʻO ka hoihoi nui i ka poʻe heluhelu o kēia wā ʻo ia nā ʻatikala memo a Chulaki, i paʻi ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole ma nā nūpepa a me nā hōʻiliʻili monographic kūikawā, e pili ana iā Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. Melik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev a me nā mea hoʻokani pila koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ke ola hoʻomohala o Mikhail Ivanovich ua pili pili pū me nā hana mele a me ka pilikanaka. ʻO ia ke alakaʻi a me ka mea hoʻokele noʻeau o ka Leningrad State Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), i ka makahiki 1948 ua lilo ʻo ia i pelekikena o ka Leningrad Union of Composers a ma ia makahiki hoʻokahi i ka First All-Union Congress ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i kākau ʻōlelo no ka Union of. Nā mea haku mele Soviet o ka USSR; i ka makahiki 1951, ua kohoia oia i hope lunahoomalu o ke Komite no na Hana ma lalo o ka Aha Kuhina o ka USSR; i ka makahiki 1955 - ka luna o ka Bolshoi Theatre o ka USSR; mai 1959 a 1963 ʻO Chulaki ke kākau ʻōlelo o ka Union of Composers o ka RSFSR. I ka makahiki 1963, ua alakaʻi hou ʻo ia i ka Bolshoi Theatre, i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi a me ke alakaʻi noʻeau.

No ka manawa mua o kona alaka'i 'ana, he nui na hana o ka Soviet a me na haole no ka manawa mua, me na opera: "Mother" na TN Khrennikov, "Nikita Vershinin" na Dm. B. Kabalevsky, "Ke Kaua a me ka Maluhia" a me "Semyon Kotko" na SS Prokofiev, "Okatoba" na VI Muradeli, "Optimistic Tragedy" na AN Kholminov, "The Taming of the Shrew" na V. Ya. Shebalin, “ Jenufa” na L. Janachka, “A Midsummer Night's Dream” na B. Britten; ka opera-ballet The Snow Queen na MR Rauchverger; ballets: "Leyli a me Mejnun" na SA Balasanyan, "Stone Flower" na Prokofiev, "Icarus" na SS Slonimsky, "The Legend of Love" na AD Melikov, "Spartacus" na AI Khachaturian, "Carmen suite" na RK Shchedrin, "Assel" na VA Vlasov, "Shurale" na FZ Yarullin.

Ua koho ʻia ʻo MI Chulaki i hope o ka Soviet Supreme o ka RSFSR VI a me VII convocations, he ʻelele i ka XXIV Congress o ka CPSU. No kāna mau pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kiʻi mele Soviet, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke poʻo inoa ʻo People's Artist of the RSFSR a hāʻawi ʻia me nā makana - ke Kauoha o ka Red Banner of Labor, ka Papa Hoaloha o nā Kanaka a me ka Badge of Honor.

Ua make ʻo Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki ma Ianuali 29, 1989 ma Moscow.

L. Sidelnikov