Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis |
Mikalojus Čiurlionis
Aukulu. Kihapai olohelohe. ʻO nā kumu lāʻau hapa ʻole e rustle a uhi i nā ala me nā lau, a me ka lani hina hina, a me ke kaumaha e like me ka ʻuhane wale nō ke kaumaha. MK Ciurlionis
He pōkole ke ola o MK Chiurlionis, akā he nani a he hanana. Ua hana ʻo ia i ca. 300 kiʻi pena, ca. 350 mau ʻāpana mele, ka hapa nui o nā piano liʻiliʻi (240). He nui kāna mau hana no nā hui o ke keʻena, no ka poʻe mele, ʻokena, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā Čiurlionis makemake nui i ka orchestra, ʻoiai ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele orchestral liʻiliʻi: 2 symphonic poems "In the Forest" (1900), "Sea" (1907), overture " Kėstutis” (1902) (Kyastutis, ke aliʻi hope loa o Lithuania ma mua o ka Kristiano, i lilo i mea kaulana i ka hakakā ʻana i ka poʻe crusaders, make i 1382). Ua mālama ʻia nā kiʻi o ka "Lithuanian Pastoral Symphony", nā kiʻi o ka symphonic poem "The Creation of the World". (I kēia manawa, kokoke i nā mea hoʻoilina a Čiurlionis - nā kiʻi pena, nā kiʻi, nā kiʻi kiʻi o nā hana mele - mālama ʻia i loko o kāna hale hōʻikeʻike ma Kaunas.) Ua noho ʻo Čiurlionis i loko o kahi honua noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe, ma kāna mau ʻōlelo, "ʻo ka intuition wale nō ke ʻike." Makemake ʻo ia e noho hoʻokahi me ke ʻano: e ʻike i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, e auwana i ka nahele i ka pō, e hele i kahi ʻino. I ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ke mele o ke ʻano, ua ʻimi ʻo ia i kāna mau hana e hōʻike i kona nani mau a me ka lokahi. ʻO nā kiʻi o kāna mau hana he kūlana, ʻo ke kī iā lākou aia i ka hōʻailona o nā moʻolelo o ka poʻe, i kēlā hui kūikawā o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻike honua o ka poʻe. "Pono ke kumu o kā mākou hana ..." i kākau ʻo Čiurlionis. “… Aia nā mele Lithuanian i nā mele ʻōiwi… Ua like kēia mau mele me nā poloka o ke kinikini makamae a ke kali wale nei i kahi mea akamai e hiki ke hana i nā hana make ʻole mai ia mau mea mai.” ʻO nā mele a ka poʻe Lithuanian, nā kaʻao a me nā moʻolelo moʻolelo i hāpai i ka mea pena ma Čiurlionis. Mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, ua komo lākou i loko o kona ʻike, lilo lākou i ʻāpana o ka ʻuhane, lawe i kahi kokoke i ke mele a JS Bach, P. Tchaikovsky.
ʻO ke kumu mele mua ʻo Čiurlionis kona makuakāne, he mea hoʻokani pila. I ka makahiki 1889-93. Ua aʻo ʻo Čiurlionis ma ke kula orchestral o M. Oginsky (moopuna a ka mea haku mele ʻo MK Oginsky) ma Plungė; ma 1894-99 aʻo haku mele ma ka Warsaw Musical Institute ma lalo o 3. Moscow; a ma 1901-02 ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia ma ka Leipzig Conservatory ma lalo o K. Reinecke. He kanaka hoihoi like ʻole. Ua makemake nui ʻo Čiurlionis i nā manaʻo mele a pau, ua aʻo ʻia i ka mōʻaukala noʻeau, psychology, philosophy, astrology, physics, matematika, geology, paleontology, etc. o ka lepo a me na mele.
Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, noho ʻo Čiurlionis ma Warsaw no kekahi mau makahiki (1902-06), a ma ʻaneʻi i hoʻomaka ai i ka pena kiʻi, a ʻoi aku ka hoihoi iā ia. Mai kēia manawa, pili mau nā makemake mele a me nā mea hana, e hoʻoholo ana i ka laulā a me ka versatility o kāna mau hana hoʻonaʻauao ma Warsaw, a mai 1907 ma Vilnius, ua lilo ʻo Čiurlionis i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻokumu o ka Lithuanian Art Society a me ka ʻāpana mele ma lalo o ia, alakaʻi i ka Kankles. choir, organized Lithuanian art exhibitions, music competitions , e pili ana i ka hoʻopuka mele, streamlining Lithuanian mele terminology, komo i loko o ka hana o ka folklore komisina, hana 'aha mele ma ke 'ano he papa mele a me ka piano. A pehea ka nui o nā manaʻo i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō! Manaʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kula mele Lithuania a me ka hale waihona mele, e pili ana i ka National Palace ma Vilnius. Ua moeʻuhane ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi i nā ʻāina mamao, akā ua hoʻokō ʻia kāna mau moeʻuhane ma kahi hapa wale nō: i ka makahiki 1905 ua kipa ʻo Čiurlionis i ka Caucasus, ma 1906 ua kipa ʻo ia iā Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Nuremberg, a me Munich. I ka makahiki 1908-09. Ua noho ʻo Čiurlionis ma St. Petersburg, kahi, mai ka makahiki 1906, ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia kāna mau kiʻi pena i nā hōʻikeʻike, e hoʻāla ana i ka mahalo o A. Scriabin a me nā mea pena kiʻi o ka World of Art. Ua like ka hoihoi. ʻO ka hōʻailona aloha o Čiurlionis, ka moʻomeheu cosmic o nā mea - ke kai, ka lā, nā kumu o ka piʻi ʻana i nā piko ʻālohilohi ma hope o ka manu lele o Happiness - ʻo kēia mau mea a pau e kani ana i nā kiʻi-hōʻailona o A. Scriabin, L. Andreev, M. Gorky, A. ʻO Blok. Hoʻohui pū ʻia lākou e ka makemake i kahi synthesis o ka hana noʻeau, ke ʻano o ka wā. Ma ka hana a Čiurlionis, he poetic, pictorial a me ke mele hoʻohālike o ka manaʻo pinepine i ka manawa like. No laila, i ka makahiki 1907, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka symphonic poem "The Sea", a ma hope iho ua kākau ʻo ia i ka pōʻai piano "The Sea" a me ka triptych kiʻi "Sonata of the Sea" (1908). Me nā sonata piano a me nā fugues, aia nā kiʻi pena "Sonata of the Stars", "Sonata of Spring", "Sonata of the Sun", "Fugue"; poetic cycle "Autumn Sonata". Aia ko lākou ʻano maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā kiʻi, ma ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka waihoʻoluʻu, i ka makemake e hoʻokomo i nā mele mau a me nā loli mau o Nature - ka Universe nui i hana ʻia e ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo o ka mea pena: "… ʻO nā ʻēheu e hāmama ākea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻai a puni, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lilo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o ke kanaka…” (M. K. Ciurlionis). He pōkole loa ke ola o Čiurlionis. Ua make ʻo ia i ka poʻokela o kāna mau mana hana, ma ka paepae o ka ʻike a me ka hanohano o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i ka pō o kāna mau hana nui loa, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa e hoʻokō ai i ka nui o kāna i hoʻolālā ai. E like me ka meteor, ua ʻā kāna makana noʻeau a hele i waho, e waiho ana iā mākou i kahi kiʻi kūʻokoʻa a hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia, i hānau ʻia mai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o kahi ʻano hoʻomohala kumu; kiʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Romain Rolland "he ʻāina hou loa".
O. Averyanova
