Moolelo o na lutes

lute - he mea kani i ʻoki ʻia i ke kaula me nā ʻāʻī ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke ʻano o ka pear.

Mōʻaukala hanana

ʻO ka lute kekahi o nā mea kani kahiko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lā a me kahi i ʻike ʻia ai. ʻO ke kiʻi mua ma ka papa pālolo, e like me ka lute, ua helu ʻia i ka waena o ka millennium ʻelua BC. Hōʻike nā ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea hana ma Bulgaria, ʻAigupita, Helene a me Roma.

Mahalo i nā Bulgarians, ua kaulana ka lute ʻāʻī pōkole ma nā Balkans. I ka makahiki XNUMXth ua laha nui ia ma nā ʻāina o ʻAsia, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Peresia a me Byzantium, a i ka makahiki XNUMXth ua lawe ʻia e nā Moors i Sepania. ʻAʻole koke e kaulana ka mea hana ma nā wahi āpau. I nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth ua pāʻani ʻia ma Italia, Pokukala a me Kelemānia.

Keʻano

I ka laha ʻana o ka mea kani, ua loli ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokani ʻana, akā mau nō nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau e hana i ka lute. He oval ke ʻano o ka papa kani, i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau lahilahi, ʻoi aku ka spruce, hoʻokahi a i ʻole triple ornate rosette ma mua o kahi puka kani. Hana ʻia ke kino me ka lāʻau paʻakikī: cherry, maple, rosewood. I ka hana ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o ka lute, hoʻohana ʻia kahi lāʻau māmā. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka lute a me nā mea kani ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e kau ka ʻāʻī ma luna o ka papa kani, akā kau ʻia ma ka pae like me ia.

Piʻi i ka kaulana o ka lute

I ka Middle Ages, he 4 a i ʻole 5 mau kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea kani. Ua pāʻani ʻia me ka plectrum. ʻO ka nui ka ʻokoʻa loa. Ua hoʻohana nā mea hoʻokani i ka lute no ka hoʻokani pila, kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia. Ua haʻalele ka manawa i ka helu o nā kaula. I ka pau ʻana o ka Renaissance, he ʻumi mau kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ua hoʻokani nā mea hoʻokani baroque i ka ʻumikūmāhā. He mau mea kani me na kaula he umikumamaiwa.

Ua lilo ke kenekulia XNUMX i gula no ka lute. Ua lilo ia i kekahi o na mea kani laha loa ma Europa. I loko o nā kiʻi pena o ia manawa, hōʻike nā mea pena kiʻi i nā poʻe e pāʻani ana i nā lutes. Ua loli pū ka ʻenehana pāʻani. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea uʻi a me nā manamana lima e pāʻani ai.

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka plait, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā mea pāʻani lute. Ma luna o 400 mau ʻāpana i kākau ʻia ma ʻEulopa no kēia mea kani. ʻO ka hāʻawi nui loa i hana ʻia e Francesco Spinacino. Hoʻonui i nā mea hiki ke hōʻike, mahalo i nā hana a John Dowland.

I nā manawa like ʻole, ua kākau nā mea haku mele e like me Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Vincento Capirola, Karl Kohout a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i kā lākou mau hana no ka lute. ʻO nā haku haku o kēia wā - ʻo Vladimir Vavilov, Toekiko Sato, Maxim Zvonarev, David Nepomuk, ʻike ʻia no kā lākou mau hana.

ʻO kahi o ka lute i ke kenekulia XNUMX

I ka makahiki 1970th, ua aneane poina ka lute. He mau liʻiliʻi wale nō o kāna mau ʻano i koe ma Kelemānia, Ukraine a ma nā ʻāina o ka Scandinavian Peninsula. I ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hoʻoholo kekahi mau mea mele mai ʻEnelani e hoʻihoʻi i ka kaulana kaulana o ka lute. Ua kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻia ka lutenist Pelekane a me ke mele mele ʻo Arnold Dolmech. Mai ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻokani mele a me nā hui mele e hoʻokani i ka lute i kā lākou papahana ʻaha mele. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Lucas Harris, Istvan Shabo, Wendy Gillepsy i nā hana mai ka Middle Ages a me Baroque.