David Fedorovich Oistrakh |

David Oistrakh

Ua kaulana ka Soviet Union no ka poe violinists. Ma hope o nā makahiki 30, ua kāhāhā nā lanakila lanakila o kā mākou mea hoʻokani ma nā hoʻokūkū honua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke kula violin Soviet ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa ma ka honua. Ma waena o ka pūʻulu o nā talena maikaʻi, ua lilo ka pāma iā David Oistrakh. Ua paʻa ʻo ia i kona kūlana a hiki i kēia lā.

Ua kākau ʻia nā ʻatikala he nui e pili ana iā Oistrakh, ma nā ʻōlelo paha o ka hapa nui o nā kānaka o ka honua; Ua kākau ʻia nā monographs a me nā moʻolelo e pili ana iā ia, a me he mea lā ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo e ʻōlelo ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka mea pena e ka poʻe mahalo i kāna kālena kupanaha. A eia nae, makemake au e kamailio hou no ia mea. ʻAʻohe paha o ka poʻe hoʻokani pila i hōʻike piha i ka moʻolelo o ke kiʻi violin o ko kākou ʻāina. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Oistrakh me ka moʻomeheu mele Soviet, e komo hohonu i kāna mau manaʻo, kona aesthetics. Ua "hoʻokumu ʻia" ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea pena e ko mākou honua, e kuhikuhi pono ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kālena nui o ka mea pena.

Aia ke akamai e hoʻopau, e hoʻoulu i ka hopohopo, e ʻike iā ʻoe i nā pōʻino o ke ola; akā, aia kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, kahi e lawe mai ai i ka maluhia, ka hauʻoli, ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ʻeha ʻuhane, e hāpai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ke ola, i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hope he hiʻohiʻona nui o Oistrakh. Hōʻike ka hana kiʻi a Oistrakh i ka lokahi kupaianaha o kona ʻano, kona honua ʻuhane, i kahi ʻike mālamalama a maopopo o ke ola. He mea kiʻi ʻimi ʻo Oistrakh, ʻaʻole hauʻoli mau i kāna mea i loaʻa ai. ʻO kēlā me kēia pae o kāna moʻolelo pilikino he "Oistrakh hou". I nā makahiki 30, he haku ʻo ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi, me ka manaʻo nui i ka mele melemele, nani, māmā. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻopio ʻia kāna pāʻani me ka lokomaikaʻi maʻalahi, ke komo ʻana i nā nuances lyrical, hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha i nā kikoʻī āpau. Ua hala nā makahiki, a ua lilo ʻo Oistrakh i haku o nā ʻano nui, me ka mālama ʻana i kāna mau ʻano mua.

I ka pae mua, ua hoʻomalu ʻia kāna pāʻani e "nā leo wai" me ka manaʻo e pili ana i kahi ʻano kala kala ʻulaʻula me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia mai kekahi i kekahi. Eia naʻe, i ka Khachaturian Concerto, ua hōʻike koke ʻo ia iā ia iho i kahi kūlana hou. Me he mea lā ua hana ʻo ia i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻona, me nā timbres hohonu "velvety" o ke kala kani. A inā i loko o nā ʻaha mele a Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, i loko o nā miniatures o Kreisler, Scriabin, Debussy, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he mea hoʻokani i kahi talena lyrical maʻemaʻe, a laila ma Khachaturian's Concerto ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi nani; ua lilo kāna wehewehe ʻana i kēia Concerto i mea maʻamau.

He kahua hou, kahi kiʻekiʻe hou o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi mea pena kupanaha - Shostakovich's Concerto. ʻAʻole hiki ke poina i ka manaʻo i waiho ʻia e ka premiere o ka Concert i hana ʻia e Oistrakh. Ua hoʻololi maoli ʻo ia; Ua loaʻa i kāna pāʻani ka pālākiō "symphonic", ka mana pōʻino, "ka naʻauao o ka puʻuwai" a me ka ʻeha no ke kanaka, kahi i loaʻa i ka mele o ka haku mele Soviet nui.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hana a Oistrakh, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kāna akamai mea kani kiʻekiʻe. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole i hana ke ʻano i kahi hui piha o ke kanaka a me ka mea kani. I ka manawa like, he mea kūikawā ka virtuosity o ka hana a Oistrakh. Loaʻa iā ia ka nani a me ka hōʻike i ka wā e pono ai ke mele, akā ʻaʻole lākou ka mea nui, akā ʻo ka plasticity. ʻO ka māmā kupaianaha a me ka maʻalahi o ka hanaʻana o ka mea pena i nā pauku puʻupuʻu nui loa. ʻO ka maikaʻi o kāna mea hana hana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka leʻaleʻa nani maoli ke nānā ʻoe iā ia e pāʻani. Me ka dexterity hikiʻole ke hoʻomaopopo, neʻe ka lima hema ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻohe ʻoi ʻoi a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi angular. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia kēlā me kēia lele me ke kūʻokoʻa loa, kēlā me kēia kikoʻī o nā manamana lima - me ka elasticity loa. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kakaka i nā kaula i mea e poina ʻole ai ke kani haʻalulu o ka violin a Oistrakh.

Hoʻonui nā makahiki i nā mea hou aku i kāna kiʻi. E lilo i mea hohonu a… maʻalahi. Akā, e ulu ana, e neʻe mau ana i mua, noho mau ʻo Oistrakh "ʻo ia iho" - he mea pena kiʻi o ka mālamalama a me ka lā, ka violinist lyrical loa o ko mākou manawa.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Oistrakh ma Odessa i ka lā 30 o Kepakemapa, 1908. ʻO kona makuakāne, he limahana hana haʻahaʻa, hoʻokani i ka mandolin, violin, a he mea aloha nui i ka mele; makuahine, he mele 'oihana, himeni ma ka papa himeni o ka Odessa Opera House. Mai ka makahiki ʻehā, ua hoʻolohe ʻo David liʻiliʻi me ka hoihoi i nā opera kahi i hīmeni ai kona makuahine, a ma ka home ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā hana hoʻokani a "hoʻokele" i kahi orkestra noʻonoʻo. ʻO kāna mele mele i ʻike ʻia a lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i kahi kumu kaulana i kaulana i kāna hana me nā keiki, ʻo ka violinist P. Stolyarsky. Mai ka makahiki ʻelima, hoʻomaka ʻo Oistrakh e aʻo me ia.

Ua hoʻomaka ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua hele ka makua kāne o Oistrakh i mua, akā ua hoʻomau ʻo Stolyarsky e hana me ke keiki me ka uku ʻole. I kēlā manawa, loaʻa iā ia kahi kula mele pilikino, a ma Odessa i kapa ʻia ʻo "talent factory". "He ʻuhane koʻikoʻi kona ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi a he aloha kupaianaha i nā keiki," wahi a Oistrakh. Ua hoʻokomoʻo Stolyarsky iā ia i ke aloha no ke keʻena mele, koi iā ia e pāʻani i nā mele ma nā hui kula ma ka viola a iʻole ka violin.

Ma hope o ke kipi a me ke kaua kīwila, ua wehe ʻia ka Music and Drama Institute ma Odessa. I ka makahiki 1923, ua komo 'o Oistrakh i 'ane'i, a, 'oia'i'o, i ka papa o Stolyarsky. I ka makahiki 1924, ua hā'awi 'o ia i kāna 'aha mele mele mua loa a ua haku 'o ia i nā hana ko'iko'i o ka violin repertoire (nā 'aha mele na Bach, Tchaikovsky, Glazunov). I ka makahiki 1925 ua hana 'o ia i kāna huaka'i 'aha mele mua i Elizavetgrad, Nikolaev, Kherson. I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 1926, ua puka 'o Oistrakh mai ka institute me ka nani, i ho'okani 'o Prokofiev's First Concerto, Tartini's Sonata "Devil's Trills", A. Rubinstein's Sonata no Viola a me Piano.

E hoʻomaopopo kākou ua koho ʻia ʻo Prokofiev's Concerto ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻokolokolo nui. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea a pau ke hana i kahi hana wiwo ʻole. Ua ʻike ʻia ke mele a Prokofiev e kekahi poʻe, me ka paʻakikī ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻia mai nā mea hoʻokani pila i hāpai ʻia ma nā papa mele o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth. ʻO ka makemake i ka mea hou, wikiwiki a hohonu hoʻi o ka ʻano hou o Oistrakh, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka evolution hana e kākau i ka mōʻaukala o nā mele violin Soviet. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā concerto violin, sonatas, nā hana nui a me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e nā mea haku mele Soviet i hana mua ʻia e Oistrakh. ʻAe, a mai nā puke violin haole o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo Oistrakh ka mea i hoʻolauna i ka poʻe hoʻolohe Soviet i nā hanana nui; no ka laʻana, me nā concerto na Szymanowski, Chausson, Bartók's First Concerto, etc.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kona wā ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻole hiki iā Oistrakh ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mele o ka concerto Prokofiev me ka hohonu, e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka mea pena. Ma hope koke iho o ka puka 'ana o Oistrakh mai ke kula, ua hele mai 'o Prokofiev i Odessa me nā 'aha mele a ka mea kākau. Ma kahi ahiahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kona hanohano, ua hana ʻo Oistrakh 18 makahiki i ka scherzo mai ka Concerto Mua. E noho ana ka haku mele ma kahi kokoke i ke kahua. "I kaʻu hana ʻana," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Oistrakh, "ua ʻoi aʻe ka pōʻeleʻele o kona helehelena. I ka wā i paʻi ai, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i komo i loko o ia mau mea. I kona hoʻokokoke ʻana i ke kahua, me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka walaʻau a me ka hauʻoli o ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ua noi ʻo ia i ka mea hoʻokani piano e hāʻawi i ke ala iā ia, a huli mai iaʻu me nā huaʻōlelo: "E ke kanaka ʻōpio, ʻaʻole ʻoe e pāʻani i ke ʻano āu e pono ai," hoʻomaka ʻo ia. e hōʻike a wehewehe iaʻu i ke ʻano o kāna mele. . Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Oistrakh iā Prokofiev i kēia hanana, a ua hilahila ʻo ia i kona ʻike ʻana ʻo wai ke "kanaka ʻōpio pōʻino" i ʻeha nui iā ia.

I ka makahiki 20, ua nui ka mana o F. Kreisler ma Oistrakh. Ua kamaʻāina ʻo Oistrakh i kāna hana ma o nā hoʻopaʻa leo ʻana a ua hoʻopio ʻia e ke ʻano o kona ʻano. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka hopena nui o Kreisler i ka hanauna o nā violinists o nā makahiki 20 a me 30 ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. ʻIke ʻia, "hewa" ʻo Kreisler i ka hoihoi o Oistrakh me kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi - nā miniatures a me nā transcriptions, kahi i noho nui ai nā hoʻonohonoho a me nā pāʻani mua a Kreisler.

ʻO ke aloha no Kreisler ka honua āpau a he kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe i mālama ʻole i kona ʻano a me kāna hana. Mai Kreisler mai, ua hoʻohana ʻo Oistrakh i kekahi mau hana pāʻani - ʻano glissando, vibrato, portamento. Malia paha ua aie o Oistrakh i ke kula "Kreisler" no ka nani, ka maʻalahi, ka palupalu, ka waiwai o nā aka "keena" e hoʻopio iā mākou i kāna pāʻani. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā mea a pau āna i hōʻaiʻē ai, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia e ia i kēlā manawa. ʻO keʻano o ka mea'ōpio'ōpio i lilo i mea nani loa i hoʻololi i kekahi "kūʻai". I kona wā makua, ua haʻalele ʻo Oistrakh iā Kreisler, me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻenehana hōʻike āna i lawe mua ai iā ia i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā pahuhopu ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO ka makemake no ka psychologism, ka hana hou ʻana o kahi honua paʻakikī o nā manaʻo hohonu i alakaʻi iā ia i nā ʻano o ka declamatory intonation, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea e kū pono ana i nā mele nani a stylized a Kreisler.

I ke kauwela o 1927, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka piano piano Kyiv K. Mikhailov, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo Oistrakh iā AK Glazunov, i hele mai i Kyiv e alakaʻi i nā ʻaha mele. I loko o ka hōkele kahi i lawe ʻia ai ʻo Oistrakh, hele pū ʻo Glazunov me ka violinist ʻōpio i kāna Concerto ma ka piano. Ma lalo o ka baton o Glazunov, ua hoʻokani ʻo Oistrakh i ʻelua manawa i ka Concerto ma ka lehulehu me ka orchestra. Ma Odessa, kahi i hoʻi aiʻo Oistrakh me Glazunov, ua hālāwaiʻo ia me Polyakin, e hele ana i laila, a ma hope o kekahi manawa, me ke alakaʻiʻo N. Malko, nāna i kono iā ia i kāna huakaʻi mua i Leningrad. Ma ʻOkakopa 10, 1928, ua lanakila ʻo Oistrakh ma Leningrad; ua kaulana ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio.

I ka makahiki 1928, ua neʻe ʻo Oistrakh i Moscow. No kekahi manawa, alaka'i 'o ia i ke ola o ka mea ho'okani malihini, e hele ana a puni Ukraine me na 'aha mele. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui i kāna hana noʻeau ka lanakila ma ka All-Ukrainian Violin Competition ma 1930. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka makana mua.

Ua lilo ʻo P. Kogan, ka luna hoʻomalu o ke keʻena ʻaha mele o nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā hui o Ukraine, i ka mea hoʻokani pila. He mea hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi loa, he kanaka kupaianaha ʻo ia o ka "Soviet impresario-educator", no ka mea hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia e like me ke kuhikuhi a me ke ʻano o kāna hana. He mea hoʻolaha maoli ʻo ia i ka hana kahiko i waena o ka lehulehu, a he nui nā mea hoʻokani Soviet e hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi iā ia. Ua hana nui ʻo Kogan e hoʻolaha iā Oistrakh, akā ʻo ka wahi nui o ka violinist o nā ʻaha mele ma waho o Moscow a me Leningrad. Ma 1933 wale nō i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Oistrakh e hele i Moscow. ʻO kāna hana me kahi papahana i haku ʻia me nā concerto na Mozart, Mendelssohn a me Tchaikovsky, i hoʻokani ʻia i hoʻokahi ahiahi, he hanana ia e pili ana i ke mele mele ʻo Moscow. Ua kākau ʻia nā loiloi e pili ana iā Oistrakh, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo kāna pāʻani e lawe i nā ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka hanauna ʻōpio o nā mea hoʻokani Soviet, ʻo ia ke olakino, ʻike, ʻoliʻoli, ikaika. Hoʻomaopopo pono ka poʻe hoʻohewa i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kāna ʻano hana, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ia mau makahiki - ke akamai kūikawā i ka hana ʻana i nā hana liʻiliʻi.

I ka manawa like, i loko o kekahi o nā ʻatikala e ʻike mākou i nā laina aʻe: "Akā, he mea mua ke noʻonoʻo ʻo ka miniature kāna ʻano. ʻAʻole, ʻo Oistrakh's sphere he mele o ka plastic, nā ʻano nani, ke koko piha, nā mele optimistic.

I ka makahiki 1934, ma ka manaʻo o A. Goldenweiser, ua kono ʻia ʻo Oistrakh i ka conservatory. ʻO kēia kahi i hoʻomaka ai kāna ʻoihana aʻo, a hiki i kēia manawa.

ʻO nā makahiki 30 ʻo ia ka manawa o nā lanakila maikaʻi o Oistrakh ma ke kahua āpau a me ka honua. 1935 - ka makana mua ma ka II All-Union Competition of Performing Musicians ma Leningrad; i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, he mau mahina ma hope mai - ʻo ka makana ʻelua ma Henryk Wieniawski International Violin Competition ma Warsaw (ua loaʻa ka makana mua iā Ginette Neve, ke haumāna a Thibaut); 1937 - ka makana mua ma ka Eugene Ysaye International Violin Competition ma Brussels.

ʻO ka hoʻokūkū hope loa, kahi i loaʻa ai ʻeono o nā makana mua ʻehiku e nā violinists Soviet D. Oistrakh, B. Goldstein, E. Gilels, M. Kozolupova a me M. Fikhtengolts, ua loiloi ʻia e ka paʻi honua ma ke ʻano he lanakila o ka violin Soviet. kula. Ua kākau ʻo Jacques Thibault, ka lālā jury hoʻokūkū: “He mau kālena maikaʻi kēia. ʻO ka USSR wale nō ka ʻāina i mālama i kāna mau mea hana kiʻi ʻōpio a hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono no kā lākou ulu ʻana. Mai kēia lā, loaʻa ʻo Oistrakh i ka kaulana o ka honua. Makemake lākou e hoʻolohe iā ia ma nā ʻāina āpau.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokūkū, hoʻokani kona poʻe komo ma Paris. Ua wehe ka hoʻokūkū i ke ala no Oistrakh i nā hana ākea ākea. Ma ka home, lilo ʻo Oistrakh i ka violinist kaulana loa, e hoʻokūkū kūleʻa ana ma kēia ʻano me Miron Polyakin. Akā ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo kāna kiʻi nani e hoʻowalewale i ka manaʻo o nā mea haku mele, e hoʻoulu i kā lākou hana. I ka makahiki 1939, ua hana ʻia ka Myaskovsky Concerto, i ka makahiki 1940 - Khachaturian. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā ʻaha mele ʻelua iā Oistrakh. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā concerto e Myaskovsky a me Khachaturian i ʻike ʻia he hanana nui i ke ola mele o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka hopena a me ka hopena o ka wā mua o ke kaua o ka hana a ka mea pena.

I ka wā o ke kaua, hāʻawi mau ʻo Oistrakh i nā ʻaha mele, e pāʻani ana i nā haukapila, ma hope a ma mua. E like me ka hapa nui o nā mea pena kiʻi Soviet, piha ʻo ia i ka hoihoi aloha ʻāina, i ka makahiki 1942 hana ʻo ia ma Leningrad i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Hoʻolohe nā koa a me nā limahana, nā luina a me nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale iā ia. “Hele mai ka Oki ma hope o ka hana paʻakikī o ka lā e hoʻolohe iā Oistrakh, he mea pena kiʻi mai Mainland, mai Moscow. ʻAʻole i pau ka ʻahamele i ka wā i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka makaʻala hoʻouka lewa. ʻAʻohe kanaka i haʻalele i ka lumi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻahamele, ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ka mea pena. Ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ka ʻoliʻoli i ka wā i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ke kauoha no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makana mokuʻāina iā D. Oistrakh… ”.

Ua pau ke kaua. I ka makahiki 1945, ua hōʻea ʻo Yehudi Menuhin i Moscow. Hoʻokani ʻo Oistrakh i ʻelua Bach Concerto me ia. I ka makahiki 1946/47 ua ho'okani 'o ia ma Moscow i kahi pō'ai nui i ho'ola'a 'ia no ka mō'aukala o ka concerto violin. Hoʻomanaʻo kēia hana i nā ʻaha mele kaulana kaulana o A. Rubinstein. Aia i loko o ka pōʻai nā hana e like me nā concerto na Elgar, Sibelius a me Walton. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kahi mea hou i loko o ke kiʻi hoʻokumu o Oistrakh, a ua lilo ʻo ia i kona ʻano pono ʻole - universalism, ka makemake no ka hoʻolaha ākea o nā puke violin o nā manawa āpau a me nā lāhui, me ka wā hou.

Ma hope o ke kaua, ua wehe ʻo Oistrakh i nā manaʻo no ka hana ākea ākea. ʻO kāna huakaʻi mua i hana ʻia ma Vienna i ka makahiki 1945. ʻO ka loiloi o kāna hana ʻana he mea nui ia: "… nā violinists o ka honua.

Ma 1945-1947, hui ʻo Oistrakh me Enescu ma Bucharest, a me Menuhin ma Prague; ma 1951 ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i lālā o ke kiure o ka Belgian Queen Elisabeth International Competition ma Brussels. I nā makahiki 50, ua helu ka poʻe paʻi haole holoʻokoʻa iā ia ʻo ia kekahi o nā violinists nui loa o ka honua. ʻOiai ma Brussels, hoʻokani ʻo ia me Thibault, nāna e alakaʻi i ka ʻaha mele i kāna concerto, e hoʻokani ana i nā concerto na Bach, Mozart a me Beethoven. Ua piha ʻo Thiebaud i ka mahalo nui i kā Oistrakh talent. Hōʻike nā loiloi o kāna hana ma Düsseldorf i ka makahiki 1954 i ke kanaka komo a me ka ʻuhane o kāna hana. Aloha kēia kanaka i nā kānaka, aloha kēia mea pena i ka nani, ka hanohano; e kōkua i ka poʻe e ʻike i kēia kāna ʻoihana. "

Ma kēia mau loiloi, ʻike ʻia ʻo Oistrakh ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani i ka hohonu o ke kumu kanaka i ka mele. ʻO ka naʻau a me ka lyricism o kāna kiʻi noʻonoʻo, a ʻo ia ka mea e pili ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. "Pehea e hōʻuluʻulu ai i nā manaʻo o ka pāʻani o David Oistrakh? – kākau ʻo E. Jourdan-Morrange. - ʻO nā wehewehe maʻamau, ʻoiai he dithyrambic paha lākou, ʻaʻole kūpono i kāna hana maʻemaʻe. ʻO Oistrakh ka violinist maikaʻi loa aʻu i lohe ai, ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano o kāna ʻenehana, ʻo ia ka like me ko Heifetz, akā no ka mea ua huli loa kēia ʻenehana i ka lawelawe mele. He aha ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hanohano i ka hoʻokō!

I ka makahiki 1955 ua hele ʻo Oistrakh i Iapana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma Iapana, ua kākau lākou: "Ua ʻike ka poʻe i kēia ʻāina pehea e mahalo ai i ke kiʻi, akā hiki ke kāohi i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo. Ma ʻaneʻi, ua pupule maoli ʻo ia. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā pāpaʻi kupanaha me nā leo "bravo!" a me he mea la ua hiki ke hoohuoi. ʻO ka lanakila o Oistrakh ma USA ka palena o ka lanakila: “ʻO David Oistrakh he violinist nui, kekahi o nā violinists nui maoli o ko mākou manawa. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻo Oistrakh no ka mea he virtuoso ʻo ia, akā he mea hoʻokani mele ʻuhane maoli. F. Kreisler, C. Francescatti, M. Elman, I. Stern, N. Milstein, T. Spivakovsky, P. Robson, E. Schwarzkopf, P. Monte i hoolohe ia Oistrakh ma ka ahamele ma Carnegie Hall.

"Ua hoʻoneʻe nui ʻia wau e ka hele ʻana o Kreisler i loko o ke keʻena. I koʻu ʻike ʻana i ka mea hoʻokani pilahi nui, e hoʻolohe pono ana i kaʻu pāʻani ʻana, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi mai iaʻu e kū ana, ʻo nā mea a pau i hana ʻia me he ʻano moeʻuhane kupanaha. Ua hui ʻo Oistrakh iā Kreisler i kāna huakaʻi ʻelua i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma 1962-1963. He ʻelemakule loa ʻo Kreisler i kēlā manawa. Ma waena o nā hālāwai me nā mea hoʻokani pila, pono e haʻi kekahi i ka hālāwai me P. Casals ma 1961, i waiho i kahi hōʻailona hohonu i ka puʻuwai o Oistrakh.

ʻO ka laina ʻālohilohi loa i ka hana a Oistrakh ʻo ia ke mele keena-ensemble. Ua komo ʻo Oistrakh i nā ahiahi keʻena ma Odessa; ma hope mai ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i kahi trio me Igumnov a me Knushevitsky, e pani ana i ka violinist Kalinovsky i kēia hui. I ka makahiki 1935, ua hana 'o ia i ka hui sonata me L. Oborin. Wahi a Oistrakh, ua like kēia: hele lākou i Turkey i nā makahiki 30 mua, a ma laila lākou e pāʻani ai i kahi ahiahi sonata. ʻO kā lākou "sense of music" i hoʻohuli ʻia i pili loa i hiki mai ka manaʻo e hoʻomau i kēia hui maʻamau.

Nui nā hana i nā ahiahi hui i lawe mai i kekahi o nā cellists Soviet nui loa, ʻo Svyatoslav Knushevitsky, kokoke iā Oistrakh a me Oborin. ʻO ka hoʻoholo e hana i kahi trio mau i hiki mai i ka makahiki 1940. ʻO ka hana mua o kēia hui kupaianaha i hana ʻia ma 1941, akā ua hoʻomaka kahi hana ʻaha mele ma 1943. ʻO ka trio L. Oborin, D. Oistrakh, S. Knushevitsky no nā makahiki he nui (a hiki i 1962, i ka wā i make ai ʻo Knushevitsky) ʻo ia ka haʻaheo o nā mele keʻena Soviet. Nui nā ʻaha mele o kēia hui i hōʻuluʻulu mau i nā keʻena piha o kahi anaina hoihoi. Ua mālama ʻia kāna mau hana ma Moscow, Leningrad. I ka makahiki 1952, hele ka ʻekolu i ka hoʻolauleʻa Beethoven ma Leipzig. Ua hana ʻo Oborin lāua ʻo Oistrakh i ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa o nā sonata a Beethoven.

Ua ʻokoʻa ka pāʻani o ka ʻekolu e kahi hui like ʻole. ʻO ka cantilena puʻupuʻu kupaianaha o Knushevitsky, me kona kani, velvety timbre, i hui pū ʻia me ke kani kālā o Oistrakh. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ko lākou kani ʻana ma ka hīmeni ʻana ma ka piano ʻo Oborin. Ma ke mele, hōʻike a hoʻokūpaʻa nā mea pena i kona ʻaoʻao lyrical, ʻike ʻia kā lākou pāʻani me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka palupalu mai ka puʻuwai. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano hana o ka ensemble lyrical, akā me ka poise maʻamau a me ke koʻikoʻi.

Aia ka Oborin-Oistrakh Ensemble i kēia lā. ʻO kā lākou mau ahiahi sonata e waiho i kahi manaʻo o ke kūpaʻa stylistic a me ka piha. Hoʻohui ʻia ka poetry i loko o ka pāʻani a Oborin me ke ʻano loiloi o ka noʻonoʻo mele; He hoa maikaʻi loa ʻo Oistrakh ma kēia ʻano. He hui kēia o ka ʻono maikaʻi loa, ka naʻauao mele kakaʻikahi.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Oistrakh a puni ka honua. Ua kaha ʻia ʻo ia e nā poʻo inoa he nui; i ka makahiki 1959 ua koho ka Royal Academy of Music ma Lākana iā ia i lālā hanohano, i ka makahiki 1960 ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻonaʻauao hoʻohanohano o St. Cecilia ma Roma; i ka makahiki 1961 - he lālā like o ka German Academy of Arts ma Berlin, a me kekahi lālā o ka American Academy of Sciences and Arts ma Boston. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Oistrakh i nā kauoha a Lenin a me ka Badge of Honor; Ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o People's Artist o ka USSR. I ka makahiki 1961 ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana Lenin, ka mea mua ma waena o nā mea hoʻokani mele Soviet.

I loko o ka puke a Yampolsky e pili ana iā Oistrakh, ua hopu ʻia kona mau hiʻohiʻona: ikaika ikaika, hana paʻakikī, noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi, hiki ke ʻike i nā mea āpau. ʻIke ʻia kēia ma nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a Oistrakh e pili ana i ka pāʻani ʻana o nā mea hoʻokani pila. ʻIke mau ʻo ia i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā mea koʻikoʻi, kiʻi i kahi kiʻi pololei, hāʻawi i kahi loiloi maʻalahi o ke ʻano, e ʻike i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kahi mea hoʻokani pila. Hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia kāna mau hoʻoholo ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻae ʻia.

Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻo Yampolsky i kahi ʻano ʻakaʻaka: "Mahalo ʻo ia a makemake i kahi huaʻōlelo kūpono a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke ʻakaʻaka i ka wā e haʻi ai i kahi moʻolelo ʻakaʻaka a i ʻole e hoʻolohe ana i kahi moʻolelo mele. E like me Heifetz, hiki iā ia ke kope kope i ka pāʻani o nā violinists hoʻomaka. Me ka ikaika nui āna e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā, akamai mau ʻo ia, kaohi. Ma ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā makemake ʻo ia i nā haʻuki - i kona mau makahiki ʻōpio ua pāʻani ʻo ia i ka tennis; he kaʻa kaʻa maikaʻi, makemake nui i ka chess. I ka makahiki 30, ʻo S. Prokofiev kāna hoa chess. Ma mua o ke kaua, ʻo Oistrakh ka luna hoʻomalu o ka ʻāpana haʻuki o ka Central House of Artists no kekahi mau makahiki a he haku chess papa mua.

Ma ke kahua, manuahi ʻo Oistrakh; 'a'ole 'o ia ka 'oli'oli e uhi mai ana i ka hana like 'ole o kekahi heluna nui o na mea hookani pila. E hoʻomanaʻo kākou i ka hopohopo nui o Joachim, Auer, Thiebaud, Huberman, Polyakin, i ka nui o ka ikaika o ka hopohopo a lākou i hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia hana. Makemake ʻo Oistrakh i ke kahua a, e like me kāna ʻae ʻana, ʻo nā haʻalulu koʻikoʻi wale nō i nā hana ke hoʻohauʻoli iā ia.

ʻOi aku ka hana a Oistrakh ma mua o ke ʻano o nā hana hana pololei. Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo ia i nā puke violin ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono; no ka laʻana, maikaʻi loa kāna mana (me K. Mostras) o ka concerto violin a Tchaikovsky, hoʻonui a hoʻoponopono nui i ka mana a Auer. E kuhikuhi pū kākou i ka hana a Oistrakh ma nā sonata violin a Prokofiev. Ua aie ka poe violinists iaia i ka lua o ka Sonata, i kakau mua ia no ka ohe a me ka violin, ua hana hou ia e Prokofiev no ka violin.

Ke hana mau nei ʻo Oistrakh i nā hana hou, ʻo ia kā lākou unuhi ʻōlelo mua. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā hana hou a nā mea haku mele Soviet, "hoʻokuʻu ʻia" e Oistrakh, he nui. E inoa i kekahi mau mea: sonata na Prokofiev, concertos na Myaskovsky, Rakov, Khachaturian, Shostakovich. Ua kākau ʻo Oistrakh i nā ʻatikala e pili ana i nā ʻāpana āna i pāʻani ai, a lili paha kekahi mea mele mele i kāna loiloi.

ʻO ka nani, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā loiloi o ka Violin Concerto na Myaskovsky, a ʻoi aku hoʻi e Shostakovich.

He kumu koʻikoʻi ʻo Oistrakh. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna he mau laureates o nā hoʻokūkū honua ʻo V. Klimov; kāna keiki, i kēia manawa he mele mele mele kaulana ʻo I. Oistrakh, a me O. Parkhomenko, V. Pikaizen, S. Snitkovetsky, J. Ter-Merkeryan, R. Fine, N. Beilina, O. Krysa. Nui nā haole violinists e hoʻoikaika e komo i ka papa o Oistrakh. ʻO ka Farani M. Bussino a me D. Arthur, ka Tureke E. Erduran, ka violin Australia M. Beryl-Kimber, D. Bravnichar mai Yugoslavia, ka Bulgarian B. Lechev, nā Romanians I. Voicu, S. Georgiou i aʻo ma lalo ona. Makemake ʻo Oistrakh i ka hoʻonaʻauao a hana i loko o ka lumi papa me ka makemake. Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna ʻano hana i kāna ʻike hana ponoʻī. “ʻO nā ʻōlelo āna i hana ai e pili ana i kēia a i ʻole kēlā ʻano hana e paʻa mau a waiwai nui; i kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, hōʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻike hohonu o ke ʻano o ka mea kani a me nā ʻenehana o ka hana violin.

Hoʻopili nui ʻo ia i ka hōʻike pololei ʻana i ka mea kani a ke kumu o ka ʻāpana a ka haumāna e aʻo nei. Akā ʻo ka hōʻike wale ʻana, i kona manaʻo, he mea pono loa ia i ka wā e loiloi ai ka haumāna i ka hana, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hamper i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano pilikino o ka haumāna.

Hoʻomohala akamai ʻo Oistrakh i nā mea ʻenehana o kāna mau haumāna. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻokoʻa kāna mau holoholona e ke kūʻokoʻa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea kani. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo kūikawā i ka ʻenehana ʻo Oistrakh ke kumu. ʻOi aku kona hoihoi i nā pilikia o ka hoʻonaʻauao mele a me ka noʻeau o kāna mau haumāna.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoihoi ʻo Oistrakh i ka hoʻokele. ʻO kāna hana mua ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i hana ʻia ma Pepeluali 17, 1962 ma Moscow - ua hele pū ʻo ia me kāna keiki ʻo Igor, nāna i hana i nā concerto o Bach, Beethoven a me Brahms. “He maʻalahi a kūlohelohe ke ʻano alakaʻi o Oistrakh, e like me kāna ʻano hoʻokani pila. He mālie ʻo ia, ʻoʻoleʻa me nā neʻe pono ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e kāohi i ka orchestra me ka "mana" o kāna alakaʻi, akā hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka hui hoʻokani me ke kūʻokoʻa hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe, e hilinaʻi ana i ka intuition artistic o kona mau lālā. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka mana o kahi mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena i ka poʻe mele. "

I ka makahiki 1966, ua piha ʻo Oistrakh i 58 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, piha ʻo ia i ka ikehu hana hana. Ua ʻike ʻia kona akamai e ke kūʻokoʻa, ka hemolele loa. Ua hoʻonui wale ʻia e ka ʻike noʻeau o ke ola lōʻihi, i hoʻolaʻa piha ʻia i kāna ʻoihana aloha.

L. Raaben, 1967