Sonata-cyclic ano |

ʻO ke ʻano Sonata-cyclic - kahi ʻano cyclic kahi ʻano e hui pū ai i hoʻokahi pūʻulu o ka pau ʻana, hiki ke noho kūʻokoʻa, akā pili ʻia e ka manaʻo maʻamau o nā hana. ʻO ka kikoʻī o S. - aia ʻo cf i nā kiʻi ideological kiʻekiʻe. ka lokahi o na mea apau. ʻO kēlā me kēia māhele o S. - cf hana i kahi dramaturgy kūikawā. hana, hōʻike i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka manaʻo hoʻokahi. No laila, ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi hana mai ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nalowale o kāna mau ʻāpana ma mua o nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻai o kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - kahi suite. ʻO ka hapa mua o S. - cf, ma keʻano he kānāwai, ua kākauʻia ma keʻano sonata (no laila ka inoa).

Ua hana ʻia ka pōʻaiapuni sonata, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka sonata-symphony, i nā kenekulia 16-18. ʻAʻole naʻe i hōʻike ʻia kāna ʻano preclassical kahiko i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole mai ka suite a me nā ʻano cyclic ʻē aʻe. nā ʻano - partitas, toccatas, concerto grosso. Hoʻokumu mau ʻia lākou ma ka ʻokoʻa o nā uku, nā ʻano neʻe o ka ʻoihana. ʻāpana (no laila nā inoa Farani no nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻai - mouvement - "movement"). ʻO ka ratio manawa o nā ʻāpana mua ʻelua lohi-wikiwiki a i ʻole (kakaʻikaʻi ʻole) wikiwiki-lohi i hana pinepine ʻia me ka ʻoi aʻe o ka hoʻokala ʻana i ko lākou ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua; Ua hana pū ʻia nā pōʻaiapuni 3 me ka ratio manawa wikiwiki-wikiwiki (a i ʻole lohi-wikiwiki-wikiwiki) .

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka suite, ʻo Ch. arr. mai nā pāʻani hula, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka sonata o c.-l. nā ʻano hula; Ua hiki no hoi ka fugue ma ka sonata. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa loa kēia ʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole hiki ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona pololei.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pōʻaiapuni sonata mai ke koena o ka cyclic. i loko o nā hana a ka poʻe kahiko Viennese a me kā lākou mau mea mua - FE Bach, nā haku mele o ke kula Mannheim. Classic sonata-symphony ka pōʻaiapuni he ʻehā (ʻekolu a ʻelua paha) mau ʻāpana; e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi. kona mau ʻano ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana o nā mea hoʻokani. ʻO ka sonata i manaʻo ʻia no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha, ma nā mele kahiko a me ʻekolu (trio-sonata) mea hoʻokani, ʻekolu no ʻekolu, ʻekolu no ka ʻehā, ʻo ka quintet no ʻelima, ʻo ka sextet no ʻeono, ʻo ka septet no ʻehiku, ʻo ka octet no ka ʻewalu. nā mea hoʻokani a me nā mea'ē aʻe; ua hui pū ʻia kēia mau ʻano a pau e ka manaʻo o ke ʻano keʻena, mele keʻena. Hana ʻia ka symphony e ka symphony. hoʻokani pila. ʻO ka ʻahamele ka mea maʻamau no kahi mea kani solo (a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mea kani) me kahi mea hoʻokani pila.

ʻO ka hapa mua o ka sonata-symphony. pōʻai – sonata allegro – kāna kiʻi kiʻi. kikowaena. Hiki keʻokoʻa keʻano o ke mele o kēia māhele - hauʻoli, pāʻani, keaka, heroic, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, akā, uaʻike mauʻia e ka hana a me ka pono. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana mua e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka naʻau o ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka māhele ʻelua he lohi - lyric. kikowaena. ke kikowaena o ka melodious melodious, expressiveness related with own. ʻike kanaka. ʻO nā kumu ʻano o kēia ʻāpana he mele, aria, chorale. Hoʻohana ia i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka rondo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ke ʻano sonata me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole he mea maʻamau. Hoʻololi ka hapakolu i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka honua o waho, ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea o ka hula. No J. Haydn a me WA ​​Mozart, he minuke kēia. L. Beethoven, e hoohana ana i ka minuet, mai ka sonata 2 no ka piano. me ia, hoʻolauna ʻo ia i ka scherzo (ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa ma nā quartets a Haydn). ʻO ka scherzo, i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi hoʻomaka pāʻani, ʻike pinepine ʻia e ka neʻe elastic, ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻia, a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO keʻano o ka minuet a me ka scherzo he mea paʻakikī 3-hapa me kahi trio. ʻO ka hope o ka pōʻai, e hoʻihoʻi ana i ke ʻano o ke mele o ka hapa mua, e hoʻopuka pinepine iā ia ma kahi ʻano ākea ākea, ʻano ʻano poʻe. No ia, ka leʻaleʻa hauʻoli, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka illusion o ka hana nui he ʻano maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano i loaʻa ma ka hopena he rondo, sonata, rondo-sonata, a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka haku mele i wehewehe ʻia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano manaʻo hou i ka symphony 5 a Beethoven (1808). ʻO ka hope o ka symphony me kona leo heroic lanakila - ʻaʻole kēia he hoʻi i ke ʻano o ke mele o ka neʻe mua, akā ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka pōʻai. No laila, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano haku mele ʻo linearly striving. I ka wā ma hope o Beethoven, ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻano pōʻai i kahi hana koʻikoʻi. Ua haʻi ʻia kahi huaʻōlelo hou e Beethoven ma ka 9th symphony (1824), i ka hopena hope āna i hoʻolauna ai i ka papa mele. ʻO G. Berlioz i kāna papahana "Fantastic Symphony" (1830) ka mea mua i hoʻohana i ka leitteme - "theme-character", nā mea hoʻololi e pili ana i kahi palapala kākau.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, nui nā hoʻonā S.-ts. f. Ma waena o nā ʻenehana hou koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumuhana nui-refrain e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mea nui. ʻoihana noʻeau. nā manaʻo a me kahi milo ʻulaʻula e hele ana ma ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole kona mau ʻāpana pākahi (PI Tchaikovsky, 5th symphony, 1888, AN Skryabin, 3rd symphony, 1903), ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana āpau i hoʻokahi e wehe mau ana i ka holoʻokoʻa, i ka pōʻai mau, i loko o kahi ʻano like ʻole-composite (ʻo ia ka Scriabin symphony).

Hoʻohana nui ʻo G. Mahler i ka wok ma ka symphony. hoʻomaka (soloist, choir), and the 8th symphony (1907) and "Song of the Earth" (1908) was written in synthetic. ke ʻano o ka symphony-cantata, hoʻohana hou ʻia e nā haku mele ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻo P. Hindemith i ka makahiki 1921 i kahi huahana. ma lalo o ka inoa "Chamber Music" no ka hoʻokani pila liʻiliʻi. Mai ia manawa, lilo ka inoa "mele" i ka inoa o kekahi o nā ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuni sonata. ʻO ke ʻano o ka concerto no ka orchestra, e ola hou ana i ke kenekulia 20. preclassical kuʻuna, lilo pū kekahi o nā ʻano o S. – cf ("Concerto in the old style" na Reger, 1912, Krenek's Concerti grossi, 1921 a me 1924, etc.). Nui nō hoʻi nā mea pilikino a me ka synthetic. nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia i ka systematization.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Catuar GL, Ke ano mele, hapa 2, M., 1936; Sposobin IV, Ke ano mele, M.-L., 1947, 4972, p. 138, 242-51; Livanova TN, Keaka mele o JS Bach a me kona mau pilina mōʻaukala, ʻāpana 1, M., 1948; Skrebkov SS, Nānā i nā hana mele, M., 1958, p. 256-58; Mazel LA, ʻO ke ʻano o nā hana mele, M., 1960, p. 400-13; ʻAno mele, (ma lalo o ka hoʻoponopono nui o Yu. H. Tyulin), M., 1965, p. 376-81; Reuterstein M., Ma ka lokahi o ke ano sonata-cyclic ma Tchaikovsky, ma Sat. Na ninau o ke ano mele, vol. 1, M., 1967, p. 121-50; Protopopov VV, Principles of Beethoven's music form, M., 1970; nona iho, Ma ke ano sonata-cyclic i na hana a Chopin, ma Sat. Na ninau o ke ano mele, vol. 2, Moscow, 1972; Barsova I., Nā pilikia o ke ʻano ma nā mele mele mua a Mahler, ibid., nona iho, Gustav Mahler's Symphonies, M., 1975; Simakova I. Ma ka nīnau o nāʻano likeʻole o keʻano symphony, ma Sat. Na ninau o ke ano mele, vol. 2, Moscow, 1972; Prout E., Nā palapala noi, L., 1895 Sondhetmer R., Die formale Entwicklung der vorklassischen Sinfonie, "AfMw", 1910, Jahrg. ʻehā; Neu G. von, Der Strukturwandel der zyklischen Sonatenform, "NZfM", 232, Jahrg. 248, helu 1922.

VP Bobrovsky