Sonorism

Sonorism, sonorics, sonoristics, sonoristic technique

mai ka lat. sonorus – sonorous, sonorous, walaau; German Klangmusic; Polani sonorystyka

He ʻano hana haku mele hou me Ch. arr. nā leo waihoʻoluʻu, ʻike ʻia me ke kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.

ʻO ka kikoʻī o S. (ma ke ʻano he "music of sonorities") i ka lawe ʻana i mua i ke kala o ke kani, a me nā manawa o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kekahi leo a i ʻole consonance i kekahi. Loaʻa mau kekahi ʻano nani (phonism) i ke kani o ke mele, ʻelua polyphonic (ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā chords, consonances e kū mai ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia a pili pū i ka wahi, kākau inoa, timbre, ka wikiwiki o nā hoʻololi harmonic, nā hiʻohiʻona structural), a me ka monophonic. (ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā wā e pili ana i ka papa inoa, ka mele, nā hiʻohiʻona hana), akā naʻe, i ka decomp. nā styles, hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho (ʻoi aku ka autonomizes) ʻaʻole i ka nui like, e pili ana i ka manaʻo nui a me ka noʻonoʻo. kuhikuhi o ke mele. hoʻomākeʻaka, hapa mai nat. ʻano kumu o ke ʻano. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka wehewehe sonoristic o ka harmoni i ke mele mai ka makahiki 19. e pili ana i ka makemake i ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kino o nā muses. nā kiʻi, i ke mele. figurativeness a hōʻike maopopo loa iā ia iho ma ka Farani. a me nā mele Slavic (kekahi mau koi no S. hiki ke loaʻa ma ka folk instr. mele o nā moʻomeheu aupuni he nui). ʻO nā preforms o ka mōʻaukala S. ʻo ia ka colorism o ke kuʻikahi (e nānā, no ka laʻana, ka episode Des7> – Des mai ka bar 51 ma Chopin's b-moll nocturne), ka leʻaleʻa o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o Nar. mele (no ka laʻana, hoʻohālikelike i ke kani o nā mea kani Caucasian ma ke ʻano o kahi quintchord g - d1 - a1 - e2 ma "Lezginka" mai ka opera "Ruslan a me Lyudmila"), ke koho ʻana i nā chord structurally homogeneous e like me ka ponic. nā hōʻailona (no ka laʻana, eclipse chords i ka opera "Prince Igor"), nā ʻāpana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā paukū cadence (no ka laʻana, i ka 2nd reprise o Chopin's Des-dur nocturne; ma Liszt's No. 3 nocturne No. 2), nā kiʻi o nā puahiohio, nā makani makani, nā ʻino (e laʻa, "Francesca da Rimini", "The Tempest", kahi hiʻohiʻona i loko o ka hale kaua mai "The Queen of Spades" na Tchaikovsky; "Scheherazade" a me "Kashchei the Immortal" na Rimsky-Korsakov ), he wehewehe timbre kūikawā o nā consonances, ch. arr. ke launa pū me nā pahu pahu (no ka laʻana, ka tritone i ka leitmotif a Leshy mai ka opera "The Snow Maiden"). He laʻana koʻikoʻi, kokoke i kēia manawa. type S., - ke kani o ka bele mai ka opera "Boris Godunov" (hoʻolauna i ke kiʻi XNUMXnd).

S. ma ka manaʻo pololei o ka huaʻōlelo hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā mele o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o nā ʻano mele i ulu i loko. noʻonoʻo, ʻoi aku ka lokahi. ʻōlelo. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale a maopopo ʻole ma waena o ka pitch pololei (mele o nā leo) a me ka sonority (mele o nā sonorities); paʻakikī pinepine ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻenehana sonoristic mai nā ʻano hana haku mele ʻē aʻe (non-sonorous). No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o S. i kekahi ʻano kūlana; Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā mea koʻikoʻi wale nō a manaʻo i nā hoʻololi a me nā hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole. I ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻano o S. ma ke ʻano o ka neʻe lohi ʻana mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana - nā phenomena o ke ʻano tonal maʻamau.

ʻO ke kūpono, ʻo ka pae mua o ka autonomization o S. ʻo ia ka sonoristically interpreted harmony, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nānā ʻana mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā leo pitch-differentiated a hiki i ka ʻike o ka pitch-undifferentiated "leo timbral." Hōʻike ka ʻenehana parallelism i hoʻomohala ʻia e C. Debussy i ka ulu ʻana o kēia kaʻina hana: ʻike ʻia ke kaulahao puʻupuʻu ma ke ʻano he monophonic succession o nā leo kala kala (e like ke ʻano o nā poloka parallel-dissonant i ka jazz me kēia ʻenehana). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lokahi like ʻole: nā ballets Daphnis lāua ʻo Chloe na Ravel (Dawn), Stravinsky's Petrushka (hoʻomaka o ka 4th scene), Prokofiev's Cinderella (Midnight), kahi ʻāpana orchestral, op. 6 No 4 Webern, mele "Seraphite" na Schoenberg.

HH Sidelnikov. Moolelo moolelo o Rusia, hapa 4.

I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wehewehe sonoristic o ka harmonika e hana me ka consonances o ke kumu timbre ("sonoras"). ʻO kēia ka "sono chord" mua ma Scriabin's Prometheus, osn. chord ma ka ʻāpana o Webern. 10 No 3 no ka orchestra, discordant polyharmony ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka ballet The Rite of Spring.

He mau consonance-clusters ka kala kala Sonorant (hana na G. Cowell a me na mea e ae). ʻAʻole hiki i nā chords ke sonorous, akā nā laina pū kekahi (e ʻike, no ka laʻana, ʻo Shostakovich's 2nd symphony a hiki i ka helu 13). ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā chords sonorous a me nā laina e hana i nā papa sonorous (ʻo ka mea pinepine i ka wā e launa pū me nā papa o nā timbres), no ka laʻana. he kahawai o 12 mau leo ​​i ka hope o ka 2nd symphony a Prokofiev (2nd variation), ma ka 2nd symphony a Lutoslavsky, ma "Rings" no ka orkestra a Shchedrin. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o S. me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka pitch differentiation a ua hōʻike ʻia, no ka laʻana, i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mele no nā mea kani percussion (e nānā i ka Prokofiev's Egyptian Nights, Anxiety, intermission to the 2nd scene of the 2nd act of the opera The Ihu » Shostakovich). I ka hopena, S. mai ka sonoristically interpreted leo alakai i ka sonoristically interpreted leo (German: Gerdusch), a me keia mea komo elua decomp. element – ​​mele. nā walaʻau (neoekmelika) a me nā leo kani keu (e pili ana i ke kahua o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke mele concrete).

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana me nā mea like a me ka nui o ko lākou manaʻo hōʻike he like a like paha. No ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ka "Tren" a Penderecki me nā kani kani kani.

HH Sidelnikov. Moolelo moolelo o Rusia, hapa 4.

K. Penderecki. "Kanikau no ka poʻe i loaʻa iā Hiroshima".

No laila, hoʻohana ʻo S. me nā ʻano sonorous kūpono (nā leo mele, nā ʻāpana timbre, nā ʻāpana kala leo, nā leo me ka ʻole o ka pitch), a me nā ʻano ʻenehana ʻē aʻe (tonal, modal, serial, aleatory, etc. ). Comp. ʻO ka ʻenehana a S. pili i ke koho ʻana i kekahi. mea kani (ʻo kona hōʻike ʻana ma ke ʻano pololei, ʻaʻole i loko o kahi pili kūlana me ka manaʻo noʻeau o ka hana), ʻo kona hāʻawi ʻana e nā keʻena hana. ma muli o ka laina i koho ʻia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, kahi hoʻolālā hoʻomohala pilikino o ka holoʻokoʻa. Muses. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o kēia ʻano pili i ka makemake no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka sonority, e hana ana i nā piʻi a me nā haʻahaʻa maʻamau e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka psychological underlying kumu o ka hōʻike mele.

ʻO S. ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ke mele kani, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻano hopena kala like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻokomo i nā mea kani o ka honua waho i ke mele. No laila, maʻamau no ka Lūkini. mele kahiko, ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o ke kani ʻana o ka bele i kahi incarnation hou ma S.

Nā pono. S.'s scope - mus. ʻO nā hana i manaʻo nui ʻia nā hopena ʻoniʻoni: "nā kahe ʻana o ka pele polū-ʻalani, nā uila a me nā ʻōlinolino o nā hōkū mamao, ka ʻālohilohi o nā pahi kaua ahi, ka holo ʻana o nā planeta turquoise, nā aka poni a me ka pōʻai o ke kala kani" ( O. Messiaen, "ʻenehana o kaʻu ʻōlelo mele"). E nānā pū i ka Phonism.

AG Schnittke. pianissimo.

RK Shchedrin. “Kahea”.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Asafiev BV, Keʻano mele ma keʻano he hana, (nā puke 1-2), M.-L., 1930-47, 3 (nā pukeʻelua), L., 1971; Shaltuper Yu., Ma ke ʻano o Lutoslavsky i nā makahiki 60, ma: Problems of Musical Science, vol. 3, M., 1975; Nikolskaya I., "Funeral Music" na Witold Lutoslavsky a me nā pilikia o ka hui pitch i ka mele o ka 10th century, ma: Music and Modernity, (issue) 1976, M., 1; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical, v. 2-1944, P., 1961; Chominski J., Technika sonorystyczna jako przedmiot systematycznego szkolenia, "Muzyka", 6, rok 3, No 1968; kona, Muzyka Polski Ludowej, Warsz., 1962; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropske hudby, Praha, 1965, Novodobé skladebné smery vhudbe, Praha, 1976 (Unuhi Lūkini - Kogoytek Ts., ʻO ka ʻenehana haku mele o ke kenekulia XNUMXth, M., XNUMX).

ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov