Pūnaehana Notation Music Digital |
He ala e hoʻopaʻa ai i kahi kikokikona mele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu (e nānā i ke kākau mele).
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohana iā C. s. ma muli o ka waiwai i loko o ke kani kani o nā helu helu, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea, ka like ma waena o ka mele-hana a me ka helu helu. I kekahi mau hihia, C. s. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana mele ʻē aʻe. nā hōʻailona. Wahi a C. s. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka pitch, ka mika a me ke kani, i kekahi manawa nā ʻāpana mele ʻē aʻe.
Nui loa C. me. hoʻohana ʻia e koho i ka pitch, ma mua o nā wā (1 - prima, 2 - kekona, etc.). Ua noi aku ʻo SI Taneev i kahi C. s hou. nā kikowaena, kahi e hōʻike ai nā helu i ka helu o kekona i loko o ka wā (prima - 0, lua - 1, kolu - 2, etc.); ʻo ia ka mea i hiki ke kūkulu i ka manaʻo makemakika pololei o ka polyphonic. nā pilina (e nānā i ka movable counterpoint). Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahelu Roman (i kekahi manawa ʻo Arabic) i ka ʻōnaehana pae o ke aʻo ʻana o ke kuʻikahi e koho i nā chords ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu i ko lākou prima (e like me I, V, nVI, i III, etc.), hiki iā ʻoe ke hana. e kākau i nā mele i kēlā me kēia tonality, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī o ka prima; ʻO nā huahelu ʻAlapia (ʻo Roma kekahi manawa) ma ka ʻanuʻu a me nā ʻōnaehana hana e hōʻike i nā leo o kahi chord i hāʻawi ʻia (e laʻa,
– ʻo ke mele ʻehiku nui me ka hapalima kiʻekiʻe). ʻO ka kuhikuhi ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu o ka octave (do, re, etc.) ʻo Arabic. loaʻa nā helu i kekahi mahele ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini. papa himeni kula. mele (e like me ka ʻōnaehana kikohoʻe o E. Sheve; e ʻike iā Solmization): nā pae i ka hīmeni maʻamau. octave (1 octave no treble a me alto, liʻiliʻi - no bass a me tenor) - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (hoʻomaha - 0), ma kahi octave kiʻekiʻe - me kahi kiko ma luna (
etc.), ma ka octave haʻahaʻa - me kahi kiko ma lalo (
etc.); nā ʻanuʻu kiʻekiʻe -
, hoʻohaʻahaʻa -
. Hoʻopili nā helu i nā kani o kēlā me kēia kī, no ka laʻana. ma F nui:
(ʻO ke kiʻi me hoʻokahi kiko ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ua like ia me ka hapa hapa, me nā kiko ʻelua ua like me ka hapalua me kahi kiko, a me nā kiko ʻekolu he nota holoʻokoʻa.)
ʻO C. s. hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka tablature, bass maʻamau, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka pāʻani ma kekahi mau papa moe. mea kani (domra, balalaika, two-row chromatic harmonica). Ke aʻo ʻana i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā kaula. hoʻohana nā mea kani i nā laina laina like ʻole, ʻo ka helu o ia mea e pili ana i ka helu o nā kaula o ka mea kani; Ua kākau ʻia nā helu ma kēia mau laina e pili ana i nā helu serial o nā frets ma ka manamana lima. Ua helu ʻia nā laina mai luna a lalo. ʻO ia hoʻopaʻa ʻana he ʻano papa kikohoʻe. I loko o nā memo no ka harmonica, waiho pinepine ʻia nā helu, e hōʻike ana i ka helu ordinal o ke kī e pili ana i kēia memo.
ʻO C. s. ma nā wahi a pau e kuhikuhi i ka metrorhythmic. ratios - mai nā hōʻailona mensural o nā kenekulia 14-15. (na F. de Vitry i loko o ka puke kuʻikahi "Ars nova" i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka modus perfectus u modus imperfectus) a hiki i kēia manawa. hōʻailona metric. Ma ke kumumanaʻo, nā metric maʻamau X. Riemann Ts. hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka metric. nā hana uaki:
(kahi, no ka laʻana, he 4 ka hana o ka hopena liʻiliʻi, ka hapalua-cadence; ʻo 8 ka hana o ka hopena piha; ʻo 7 kahi hana o ke ana māmā, e ume ikaika ana i ka mea e hiki mai ana, ka mea paʻakikī loa). Ma nā mele uila, me ke kōkua o nā helu, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kumu. nā ʻāpana mele - pinepine, dynamics, lōʻihi o nā kani. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mele serial, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā helu, no ka laʻana, e hoʻohuli i nā pilina pitch i nā mele mele (e nānā i ka Seriality), no ka hoʻololi ʻana. ʻokoʻa. ʻO C. s. hoʻohana ʻia no ka helu ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana, no ka laʻana, no ka manamana lima.
E hoʻomaopopo ': Albrecht KK, Ke alakai i ka himeni mele e like me ke ano kikohoia Sheve me ka hoohana ana i 70 mau himeni Lūkini a me 41 mau papa himeni ekolu, no na kula poepoe, M., 1867, 1885; Taneev SI, Mobile counterpoint of strict writing, Leipzig, (1909), M., 1959; Galin R., Exposition d'une nouvelle méthode pour l'enseignement de la musique, P., 1818, id., ma lalo o ka inoa: Méthode du Meloplaste, P., 1824; Chevé E., Méthode élémentaire de musique vocale, P., 1844, 1854; ʻo ia iho, ʻo Méthode Galin-Chevé-Paris, Méthode élémentaire d'harmonie, P., 1846; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie zbpadoevropské hudby, Praha, 1962, ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa: Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Unuhi Lūkini - Kohoutek Ts., Technique of Composition in Music of the 1976th Century) .
ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov
