Ralph Vaughan Williams |
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Ka mea haku mele Pelekania, ka mea hoʻokani okana a me ke kanaka hoʻokani pila, ka mea hōʻiliʻili a me ka mea noiʻi o ka moʻolelo mele Pelekane. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma Trinity College, Cambridge University me C. Wood a ma ke Royal College of Music ma Lākana (1892-96) me X. Parry a me C. Stanford (composition), W. Parrett (organ); i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka haku mele ʻana me M. Bruch ma Berlin, me M. Ravel ma Paris. Mai ka makahiki 1896-99 he mea hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ka hale pule ʻo South Lambeth ma Lākana. Mai ka makahiki 1904 ua lilo ʻo ia i lālā o ka Folk Song Society. Mai ka makahiki 1919, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele ma ka Royal College of Music (mai 1921 professor). I ka makahiki 1920-28 ke poʻo o ka Bach Choir.
ʻO Vaughan Williams kekahi o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kula Pelekane hou ("English musical renaissance"), nāna i hoʻolaha i ka pono e hana i nā mele ʻoihana aupuni e pili ana i ka moʻolelo mele Pelekane a me nā kuʻuna o nā haku Pelekane o nā kenekulia 16 a me 17; Ua hōʻoia i kāna mau manaʻo me kāna hana, e hoʻokomo iā lākou i nā hana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: 3 "Norfolk rhapsodies" ("Norfolk rhapsodies", 1904-06) no ka symphony orchestra, noʻonoʻo ma ke kumumanaʻo o Tallis no kahi mele mele pālua ("Fantasia on he kumuhana na Tallis", 1910), ka 2nd London Symphony ("London symphony", 1914, 2nd ed. 1920), ka opera "Hugh the Gurtmaker" (op. 1914), etc.
ʻO kāna mau hana koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka symphonic a me nā mele mele. I loko o kekahi mau hana symphonic a Vaughan Williams, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka mōʻaukala o ka poʻe Pelekania, ua hana hou ʻia nā kiʻi maoli o ke ola o ʻEnelani hou, nā mea mele āna i huki ai mai ka moʻolelo mele Pelekane.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana symphonic a Vaughan-Williams e ko lākou ʻano dramatic (4th symphony), ka māmā o ke mele, ke akamai o ke alakaʻi leo, a me ke akamai o ka orchestration, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka mana o nā Impressionists. Ma waena o nā leo monumental, symphonic a me nā mele he mau oratorio a me nā cantatas i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana hale pule. No nā opera, ʻo "Sir John in Love" ("Sir John in Love", 1929, ma muli o "The Windsor Gossips" na W. Shakespeare) hauʻoli i ka lanakila nui loa. ʻO Vaughan Williams kekahi o nā haku mele Pelekane mua i hana ikaika i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni (ua kākau ʻia kāna 7th symphony ma ke kumu o ke mele no ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka polar explorer RF Scott).
Hōʻike ʻia ka hana a Vaughan-Williams e ka pālākiō o nā manaʻo, ke ʻano o ke ʻano mele a me ka hōʻike ʻana, ka manaʻo kanaka a me ka patriotic. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko Vaughan-Williams i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele Pelekane o ke kenekulia 20.
MM Yakovlev
Nā haku mele:
kahawai (6) - ʻO Hugh ka mea hoʻokele (1924, Lākana), Ka honi ʻawaʻawa (The poisoned kiss, 1936, Cambridge), Riders to the sea (1937, London), The pilgrim's progress, no to Benyan, 1951, London) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ; baleta — Old King Cole (Old King Cole, 1923), Christmas night (On Christmas night, 1926, Chicago), Job (Job, 1931, London); haiolelo, cantatas; no ka hookani pila – 9 symphonies (1909-58), incl. lako polokalamu – 1st, Marine (A sea symphony, 1910, for choir, soloists and orchestra to words by W. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, after “The Tempest” by U . Shakespeare), 7th, Antarctica (Sinfonia antartica, 1952); nā ʻahamele mea kani, na hui keena; nā haku piano a me nā ʻōkana; himeni, mele; ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mele ʻōlelo Pelekane; mele no ka hale keaka a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Nā hana moʻokalaleo: Ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke mele. Ma hope o nā huaʻōlelo a me nā memo na SA Kondratiev, M., 1961.
E hoʻomaopopo ': Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. Essay on life and creativity, M., 1958.
