Pietro Mascagni |

ʻO Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. “Hoohanohano kuaaina”. Intermezzo (mea hoʻokele - T. Serafin)

He makehewa ka manaʻo ʻana ʻo ka kūleʻa nui o kēia kanaka ʻōpio ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻolaha akamai ... ʻo Mascagni, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he kanaka akamai loa, akā akamai loa. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i kēia manawa ʻo ka ʻuhane o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hui ʻana o ke akamai me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola, aia ma nā wahi a pau, ʻo ke kanaka me kona mau kuko a me kona ʻeha ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaopopo a kokoke iā mākou ma mua o nā akua a me nā akua. Me ka nani a me ka nani o Italia, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā keaka ola āna i koho ai, a ʻo ka hopena he hana i aneane hiki ʻole ke aloha a hoihoi i ka lehulehu. P. Tchaikovsky

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo P. Mascagni i loko o ka ʻohana kahu ʻai, he mea aloha mele nui. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka mana mele o kāna keiki, ua hoʻolimalima ka makuakāne i kumu no ke keiki - baritone Emilio Bianchi, nāna i hoʻomākaukau iā Pietro no ke komo ʻana i ka Music Lyceum. Kerubini. I ka makahiki 13, ma ke ʻano he haumāna makahiki mua, ua kākau ʻo Mascagni i ka Symphony ma C minor a me "Ave Maria", i hana ʻia me ka lanakila nui. A laila ua hoʻomau ke kanaka ʻōpio akamai i kāna aʻo ʻana i ka haku mele ma Milan Conservatory me A. Ponchielli, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo G. Puccini i ka manawa like. Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory (1885), ua lilo 'o Mascagni i alaka'i a me ke alaka'i o ka hui operetta, a me ia i hele aku ai i na kulanakauhale o Italia, a ua haawi pu mai i na haawina a me na mele. I ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hale paʻi puke ʻo Sonzogno i ka hoʻokūkū no ka hana keaka hoʻokahi, ua noi ʻo Mascagni i kāna hoaaloha ʻo G. Torgioni-Tozzetti e kākau i kahi libretto e pili ana i ka hana hoʻohiwahiwa a G. Verga ʻo Rural Honor. Ua mākaukau ka opera i loko o 2 mahina. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe manaʻolana e lanakila, ʻaʻole i hoʻouna ʻo Mascagni i kāna "brainchild" i ka hoʻokūkū. Ua hana malu ia mai kana kane mai e kana wahine. Ua loaʻa i ka Rural Honor ka makana mua, a ua loaʻa i ka haku mele ka haʻawina mahina no 2 makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka opera ma Roma i ka lā 17 o Mei, 1890, he lanakila ia ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka haku mele ka manawa e kau inoa ai i nā ʻaelike.

Ua hōʻailona ʻo Mascagni's Rural Honor i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o verismo, kahi kuhikuhi operatic hou. Hoʻohana ikaika ʻo Verism i kēlā mau ʻano o ka ʻōlelo noʻeau i hoʻokumu i nā hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hōʻike ʻana, wehe, nā manaʻo ʻōlohelohe, a kōkua i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka poʻe ʻilihune o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kua'āina. No ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi lewa o nā manaʻo paʻa, ua hoʻohana ʻo Mascagni no ka manawa mua ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa opera i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "aria of the scream" - me ke mele hoʻokuʻu ʻia a hiki i ka uē ʻana, me ka dubbing unison ikaika e ka orchestra o ka māhele leo ma ka kiʻekiʻe ... I ka makahiki 1891, ua hoʻokani ʻia ke keaka ma La Scala, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo G. Verdi: "I kēia manawa hiki iaʻu ke make me ka maluhia - aia kekahi e hoʻomau i ke ola o ka opera Italia." No ka hanohano o Mascagni, ua hoʻopuka ʻia kekahi mau mekala, ua hāʻawi ka mōʻī iā ia iho i ka haku mele me ka inoa hanohano o "Chevalier of the Crown". Ua manaʻo ʻia nā opera hou mai Mascagni. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻumikūmāhā ma hope mai i piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o "Rustic Honor". No laila, ma La Scala i ka makahiki 1895, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pōʻino mele "William Ratcliffe" - ma hope o nā hana he ʻumikumamālua, haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kahua. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hāʻule ka mua o ka lyric opera Silvano. I ka makahiki 1901, ma Milana, Roma, Turin, Venice, Genoa a me Verona, ma ke ahiahi o ka la 17 o Ianuari, ua hanaia na mua o ka opera "Masks", aka, o ka opera, i hoolaha nui ia, i ka weliweli o ka haku mele. ua boo ia ia ahiahi ma na kulanakauhale a pau i ka manawa hookahi. ʻO ke komo pū ʻana o E. Caruso lāua ʻo A. Toscanini ʻaʻole i hoʻopakele iā ia ma La Scala. "ʻO ia," e like me ka mea haku mele ʻItalia ʻo A. Negri, "ʻo ka hāʻule kupanaha loa i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka opera Italia." Ua hoʻokani ʻia nā opera lanakila loa a ka mea haku mele ma La Scala (Parisina – 1913, Nero – 1935) a ma ke Keaka Costanzi ma Roma (Iris – 1898, Little Marat – 1921). Ma waho aʻe o nā opera, ua kākau ʻo Mascagni i nā operettas ("The King in Naples" - 1885, "Yes!" - 1919), hana no ka symphony orchestra, mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me nā hana leo. I ka makahiki 1900, hele mai ʻo Mascagni i Rusia me nā ʻaha mele a me nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka opera hou a ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia.

Ua pau ke ola o ka mea haku mele ma ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, akā ua mau kona inoa me nā mele mele Italia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Nā haku mele:

kahawai – Ka Hanohano Rural (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Roma), Friend Fritz (L'amico Fritz, no eponymous play by E. Erkman and A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, after play of ʻO ka inoa hoʻokahi e Erkman a me Shatrian, 1892, Pergola Theatre, Florence), William Ratcliff (ma muli o ka ballad dramatic na G. Heine, unuhi ʻia e A. Maffei, 1895, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Silvano (1895, there same ), Zanetto (e pili ana i ka pāʻani Passerby na P. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Roma), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theatre is also there ”, Milan), ʻO Amika (Amisa, 1905, Hale Hōʻikeʻike Hale Piliwaiwai, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Hale Hōʻikeʻike Coliseo, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo La Scala, Milan), Lark (Lodoletta, e pili ana i ka puke ʻo The Wooden Shoes na De la Rama. , 1917, Costanzi Theatre, Roma), Little Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Roma), Nero (ma muli o ke keaka o ka inoa like e P. Cossa, 1935, hale keaka "La Scala", Milan); opereta – ʻO ka Mōʻī ma Naples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), ʻAe! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theatre, Roma), Pinotta (1932, Hale Hōʻikeʻike Hale Piliwaiwai, San Remo); nā mele mele, nā mele a me nā symphonic, nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a pēlā aku.