Lorin Maazel (Lorin Maazel) |

Lorin Maazel

Mai kona wā kamaliʻi, noho ʻo ia ma Pittsburgh (USA). He mea kupaianaha maoli ka ʻoihana hana a Lorin Maazel. I ke kanakolu, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea alakaʻi kaulana i ka honua me kahi repertoire palena ʻole, i ke kanakolukumamālima ʻo ia ke poʻo o kekahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa o ʻEulopa a me nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he mea komo nui i nā ʻahaʻaina nui i huakaʻi a puni ka honua! ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kekahi laʻana o ka lawe mua ʻana - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ʻo ke alakaʻi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi makahiki ʻoi loa. ʻAuhea ka mea huna o ka lanakila maikaʻi o kēia mea hoʻokani pila? No ka pane ʻana i kēia nīnau, huli mua mākou i kāna moʻolelo.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Maazel ma Farani; Ke kahe nei ke koko Dutch i loko o kona mau aʻa, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka mea alakaʻi iā ia iho, ke koko India ... Malia paha e ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻōlelo ʻana e kahe pū ana ke mele i loko o kona mau aʻa - i kekahi hihia, mai ka wā kamaliʻi he mea kupanaha kona mau hiki.

I ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻohana i New York, ua alakaʻi ʻo Maazel, ma ke ʻano he ʻeiwa mau makahiki - ma ke ʻano ʻoihana - ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra kaulana i ka wā o ka World Fair! ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i manaʻo e hoʻomau i kahi keiki prodigy semi-educated. Ua hāʻawi koke aku nā haʻawina violin ikaika iā ia e hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele a ʻoiai, i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālima, loaʻa iā ia kāna quartet ponoʻī. ʻO ka hana mele keʻena he mea ʻono maikaʻi, hoʻomāhuahua i ka ʻike; akā, ʻaʻole hoihoi ʻia ʻo Maazel e ka ʻoihana o ka virtuoso. Ua lilo ʻo ia i violinist me ka Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra a, ma 1949, kāna alakaʻi.

No laila, ma ka makahiki iwakālua, ua loaʻa iā Maazel ka ʻike o ka hoʻokani pila, a me ka ʻike o ka palapala, a me kāna mau mele ponoʻī. Akā ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina ma ke ala ua hiki iā ia ke puka i ke kula mai nā keʻena makemakika a me ke akeakamai o ke kulanui! Ua hoʻopili paha kēia i ke kiʻi hoʻomohala o ka mea alakaʻi: ua hui pū ʻia kona ʻano ahi a hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia me ka naʻauao noʻonoʻo o ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka lokahi o ka makemakika o nā manaʻo.

I ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hoʻomaka ka hana hana kiʻi a Maazel, me ka hoʻopau ʻole a me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ka ikaika. I ka wā mua, ua hele ʻo ia ma ʻAmelika a puni, a laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele pinepine i ʻEulopa, e komo i nā ʻahaʻaina nui loa - Salzburg, Bayreuth a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, kahaha i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ke kālena o ka mea hoʻokani mele i lilo i ʻike ʻia: kono mau ʻia ʻo ia e alakaʻi i nā orkestra maikaʻi loa a me nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ʻEulopa - ʻo Vienna Symphonies, La Scala, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā hana mua ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi me ka lanakila maoli.

I ka makahiki 1963, hele mai ʻo Maazel i Moscow. ʻO ka ʻahamele mua o kahi alakaʻi ʻōpio, ʻike liʻiliʻi i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hapa ʻole. Ua pau koke nā tikiki no nā ʻaha mele ʻehā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ke kiʻi hoʻoikaika o ke alakaʻi, ʻo kona hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka wā e hoʻokani ana i nā mele o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā au, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea haku mele e like me Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, Mahler's Second Symphony, Scriabin's Poem of Ecstasy, Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, i hoʻohauʻoli i ka lehulehu. "ʻAʻole ka nani o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea alakaʻi," i kākau ai ʻo K. Kondrashin, "akā ʻo ka mea hoʻolohe, mahalo i ka "electrification" o Maazel, e nānā ana iā ia, ua komo pū ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana, komo ikaika i ka honua. o nā kiʻi o ke mele e hoʻokani ʻia nei. Ua ʻike nā mea hoʻohewa ʻo Moscow "ʻo ka hui piha o ka mea alakaʻi me ka orchestra", "ka hohonu o ka ʻike o ke alakaʻi i ka manaʻo o ka mea kākau", "ka saturation o kāna hana me ka mana a me ka waiwai o nā manaʻo, ka symphony o ka noʻonoʻo". "Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka mea alakaʻi, e hoʻohiwahiwa ana me kāna ʻuhane mele mele a me ka hoʻonaninani kiʻi liʻiliʻi," i kākau ai ka nūpepa Sovetskaya Kultura. "He mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa i kekahi mea i ʻoi aku ka manaʻo ma mua o nā lima o Lorin Maazel: he ʻano kikoʻī pololei kēia o ke kani ʻana a i ʻole ke kani ʻana i ke mele ". ʻO nā huakaʻi ma hope o Maazel i ka USSR ua hoʻoikaika hou i kona ʻike i ko mākou ʻāina.

Ma hope koke iho o kona hōʻea ʻana i ka USSR, ua alakaʻi ʻo Maazel i nā hui mele nui no ka manawa mua o kona ola - ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi alakaʻi no ka West Berlin City Opera a me ka West Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana koʻikoʻi ke pale iā ia mai ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka huakaʻi nui, komo i nā ʻoliʻoli he nui, a hoʻopaʻa i nā moʻolelo. No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia ma nā moʻolelo i nā symphonies a pau o Tchaikovsky me ka Vienna Symphony Orchestra, nā hana he nui a JS Bach (Mass in B minor, Brandenburg concertos, suites), symphonies of Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Sibelius , Rimsky-Korsakov Spanish Capriccio, Respighi's Pines of Rome, ka hapa nui o R. Strauss' symphonic poems, na Mussorgsky, Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky, Britten, Prokofiev… ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa iā lākou a pau. ʻAʻole me ka kūleʻa ʻole, ua hana ʻo Maazel ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma ka hale opera - ma Roma ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka opera ʻo Tchaikovsky ʻo Eugene Onegin, nāna i alakaʻi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969