Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov |
ʻO Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pili ana i nā mea haku mele Soviet o ka hanauna kahiko, nona ʻo M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, ua kahaha ʻole ʻoe i ka versatility o kā lākou hana hana. A ʻo N. Myaskovsky, a me R. Glier, a me M. Gnesin, a me Ippolitov-Ivanov i hōʻike ikaika iā lākou iho ma nā ʻano āpau i nā makahiki mua ma hope o ka Great October Socialist Revolution.
Ua hui ʻo Ippolitov-Ivanov me ka ʻOkakopa Nui ma ke ʻano he kanaka makua, kanaka makua a mea hoʻokani pila. I kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ʻelima mau opera, he mau hana symphonic, kahi i kaulana nui ʻia ʻo Caucasian Sketches, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kākau o nā mele mele hoihoi a me nā romances i loaʻa nā mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa ma ke kanaka o F. Chaliapin, A. Nezhdanova. , N. Kalinina, V Petrova-Zvantseva a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ua hoʻomaka ke ala hana o Ippolitov-Ivanov ma 1882 ma Tiflis, kahi i hōʻea ai ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ka Conservatory St. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, hā'awi ka mea haku mele 'ōpio i ka ikaika e hana ('o ia ke alaka'i o ka hale opera), a'o ma ke kula mele, a hana i kāna mau hana mua. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua haku mele mua a Ippolitov-Ivanov (ka opera Ruth, Azra, Caucasian Sketches) ua hōʻike mua i nā hiʻohiʻona o kona ʻano holoʻokoʻa: melodiousness, lyricism, gravitation i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nani kupaianaha o Georgia, ʻoliʻoli ka poʻe mele mele Lūkini. Makemake ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo Georgian, kākau ʻo ia i nā mele mele ma Kakheti i ka makahiki 1883, a aʻo iā lākou.
I ka makahiki 1893, ua lilo ʻo Ippolitov-Ivanov i kumu aʻoaʻo ma ka Conservatory o Moscow, kahi i nā makahiki like ʻole he nui nā mea hoʻokani mele kaulana i aʻo pū me ia (S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, N. Golovanov, A. Goldenweiser, L. Nikolaev, Yu. Engel a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). ʻO ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia XIX-XX. ua hōʻailona ʻia no Ippolitov-Ivanov ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Moscow Russian Private Opera. Ma ke kahua o kēia hale keaka, mahalo i ka noʻonoʻo a me ke mele o Ippolitov-Ivanov, ua "hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā operas a P. Tchaikovsky ʻo The Enchantress, Mazepa, Cherevichki, i kūleʻa ʻole i nā hana o ka Bolshoi Theatre". Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻo ia i nā hana mua o nā opera a Rimsky-Korsakov (The Tsar's Bride, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Kashchei the Immortal).
I ka makahiki 1906, lilo 'o Ippolitov-Ivanov i ka luna koho mua o ka Moscow Conservatory. I ka makahiki mua o ke kipi, ua wehe ʻia nā hana a Ippolitov-Ivanov, ke alakaʻi o nā hui symphonic o ka RMS a me nā ʻahamele o ka Russian Choral Society, a ʻo ka lei aliʻi ʻo ia ka hana mua ma Moscow ma Malaki 9, 1913 o JS. ʻO Matthew Passion o Bach. ʻO ka laulā o kāna mau makemake i ka wā Soviet he ākea ākea. I ka makahiki 1918, ua koho ʻia ʻo Ippolitov-Ivanov i mea hoʻokele Soviet mua o ka Moscow Conservatory. Hele ʻo ia i Tiflis ʻelua e hoʻonohonoho hou i ka Tiflis Conservatory, he alakaʻi o ka Bolshoi Theatre ma Moscow, alakaʻi i kahi papa opera ma Moscow Conservatory, a hāʻawi i ka manawa nui e hana pū me nā hui amateur. I nā makahiki hoʻokahi, hana ʻo Ippolitov-Ivanov i ka "Voroshilov March" kaulana, pili i ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o M. Mussorgsky - hoʻokani ʻo ia i ke kahua ma St. Basil's (Boris Godunov), hoʻopau i ka "The Marriage"; haku ʻo ia i ka opera The Last Barricade (kahi ʻāpana mai ka wā o ka Commune ʻo Paris).
Ma waena o nā hana o nā makahiki i hala iho nei he 3 symphonic suites ma nā kumumanaʻo o nā poʻe o ka Soviet East: "Turkic fragments", "Ma nā steppes of Turkmenistan", "Musical pictures of Uzbekistan". ʻO ka hana multifaceted o Ippolitov-Ivanov kahi hiʻohiʻona aʻoaʻo o ka lawelawe makemake ʻole i ka moʻomeheu mele aupuni.
N. Sokolov
Nā haku mele:
kahawai – Ma ka lei ia Pushkin (keaka keiki, 1881), Ruth (ma hope o AK Tolstoy, 1887, Tbilisi Opera House), Azra (e like me ka mooolelo Moorish, 1890, ibid.), Asya (ma hope o IS Turgenev, 1900, Moscow Solodovnikov. Keaka), Treason (1910, Zimin Opera House, Moscow), Ole mai Norland (1916, Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow), Mare (hana 2-4 i kahi opera i pau ole e MP Mussorgsky, 1931, Radio Theatre, Moscow ), The Last Barricade (1933); cantata in memory of Pushkin (c. 1880); no ka hookani pila – symphony (1907), Caucasian sketches (1894), Iveria (1895), Turkic fragments (1925), Ma nā steppes o Turkmenistan (c. 1932), Nā kiʻi mele o Uzbekistan, Catalan suite (1934), symphonic poems (1917, c. 1919, Mtsyri, 1924), Yar-Khmel Overture, Symphonic Scherzo (1881), Armenian Rhapsody (1895), Turkic March, From the Songs of Ossian (1925), Episode from the Life of Schubert (1928), Jubilee March (hoʻolaʻa iā K. E Voroshilov, 1931); no ka balalaika me ka orc. – noʻonoʻo I nā hui (c. 1931); lumi hoʻokani pila – quartet piano (1893), quartet string (1896), 4 mau ʻāpana no ka poʻe ʻAmenia. themes for string quartet (1933), Evening in Georgia (for harp with woodwind quartet 1934); no ka piano - 5 mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (1900), 22 mau mele hikina (1934); no ka violin a me ka piano – sonata (c. 1880), Romantic ballad; no cello a me ka piano – ʻIke (c. 1900); no ka papa himeni a me ka orkestra – 5 mau kiʻi hiʻona (c. 1900), Himeni no Labour (me ka symphony a me ka ʻuhane. orc., 1934); ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau mele a me nā mele no ka leo a me ka piano; ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau hana no nā hui leo a me nā mele; mele no ka pāʻani "Ermak Timofeevich" na Goncharov, c. 1901); mele no ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Karabugaz" (1934).
Nā hana moʻokalaleo: Mele moʻomeheu Georgian a me kona kūlana o kēia manawa, "Artist", M., 1895, No 45 (he paʻi kaʻawale); ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o nā mele, kā lākou hana a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana, M., 1897; 50 makahiki o ka mele Lūkini i koʻu mau hoʻomanaʻo, M., 1934; E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono mele ma Turkey, "SM", 1934, No 12; He mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ke mele kula, "SM", 1935, No 2.
