Fyodor Volkov |

Fyodor Volkov

ʻO ka mea hoʻokani a me ke alakaʻi Lūkini, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua o ka lehulehu ma Rusia.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Fedor Volkov i ka lā 9 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1729 ma Kostroma, a ua make ʻo ia i ka lā 4 o ʻApelila 1763 ma Moscow mai kahi maʻi. ʻO kona makuakāne he mea kālepa mai Kostroma, i make i ka wā ʻōpiopio loa o ke keiki. I ka makahiki 1735, ua mare kona makuahine i ka mea kalepa Polushnikov, ka mea i lilo i makua makua kahu hānai o Fyodor. I ka makahiki 12 o Fedor, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i Moscow e aʻo i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana. Ma laila ke kanaka ʻōpio i aʻo ai i ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia, a ma hope mai ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia. A laila ua hoihoi 'o ia i nā hana keaka a nā haumāna o ka Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Novikov e pili ana i kēia kanaka ʻōpio ma ke ʻano he haumāna ikaika loa a ikaika hoʻi, ʻoi aku kona makemake i ka ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana: "ua pili nui ʻo ia ... i ka ʻike o ka ʻepekema a me ka hana."

I ka makahiki 1746, hele mai o Volkov i St. Petersburg ma ka hana, aole nae i haalele i kona makemake. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻōlelo lākou ʻo ka hele ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i manaʻo nui iā ia i loko o nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana ua lawe ke kanaka ʻōpio i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hale keaka a me ka hana hana. I ka makahiki 1748, ua make ka makua kāne o Fyodor, a ua hoʻoilina ʻo ia i nā hale hana, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻuhane o ke kanaka ʻōpio ma mua o ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hale hana, a ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu ua hāʻawi ʻo Fyodor i nā mea āpau i kona kaikunāne, e hoʻoholo ana e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka hana keaka. nā hana.

Ma Yaroslavl, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i nā hoaaloha a puni iā ​​​​ia - nā mea aloha i nā hana keaka, a ʻaʻole i liuliu ua hāʻawi kēia hui hoʻokumu i kāna hana keaka mua. ʻO ka mua i hana ʻia ma Iulai 10, 1750 i loko o kahi hale kūʻai kahiko i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku ʻo Polushkin ma ke ʻano he hale kūʻai. Ua hoʻokani ʻo Volkov i ka pāʻani "Esther" ma kāna unuhi ponoʻī. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni lāʻau ma nā kapa o ka Volga, kahi i noho ai ka hui o Volkov. ʻO ka hānau ʻana o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou i hōʻailona ʻia e ka hana ʻana o ka pāʻani e AP Sumarokov "Khorev". Ma ka Volkov Theatre, ma waho aʻe o ia iho, kona mau kaikunāne ʻo Grigory lāua ʻo Gavrila, nā "kāleka" ʻo Ivan Ikonnikov lāua ʻo Yakov Popov, ka "pule" ʻo Ivan Dmitrevsky, nā "peepers" Semyon Kuklin lāua ʻo Alexei Popov, ka mea ʻokiʻoki ʻo Yakov Shumsky, nā kamaʻāina ʻo Semyon Skachkov a hoʻokani ʻo Demyan Galik . ʻO ia ka mua o ka hale keaka lehulehu ma Rusia.

ʻO nā lono e pili ana i ka Volkov Theatre i hōʻea i St. Petersburg, a ʻo Elizaveta Petrovna, ka mea ma nā ʻano āpau i kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu Lūkini, kāhea ʻia nā mea keaka ʻōpio i ke kapikala ma kahi kauoha kūikawā: a me Grigory, nāna e mālama i kahi hale keaka ma Yaroslavl a pāʻani i nā comedies. , a na lakou e pono ai no keia, e lawe mai i St. Petersburg <...> no ka lawe wikiwiki ana i keia poe a me ka lakou mau waiwai maanei, e haawi aku i na kaa lua no ia mea a na lakou mai ka waihona dala…”. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, hoʻokani ʻo Volkov a me kāna mau mea keaka i kā lākou mau hana ma St. Aia ka repertoire: nā pōʻino a AP Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav a me Truvor", a me "Hamlet".

I ka makahiki 1756, ua hoʻokumu 'ia ka hale keaka Lūkini no ka hōʻike 'ana i nā pōʻino a me nā Comedies. Pela i hoomaka ai ka moolelo o na hale keaka Imperial ma Rusia. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Fyodor Volkov "ka mea hoʻokani Lūkini mua", a ua lilo ʻo Alexander Sumarokov i alakaʻi o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni (ua lawe ʻo Volkov i kēia pou ma 1761).

ʻAʻole wale ʻo Fedor Volkov he mea hana keaka a me ka unuhi ʻōlelo, akā ʻo ka mea kākau o kekahi mau pāʻani. Ma waena o lākou ʻo "The Court of Shemyakin", "Every Yeremey Understand Yourself", "Entertainment of Moscow Residents about Maslenitsa" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - ʻo lākou āpau, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia a hiki i kēia lā. Ua kākau pū ʻo Volkov i nā odes koʻikoʻi, ʻo kekahi o ia i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Peter the Great, nā mele (ʻo "Ke hele nei ʻoe ma ke keʻena, aloha" e pili ana i ka mōneka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a "E lilo kāua, e ke kaikaina, e hīmeni i kahi mele kahiko, pehea ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka. i ke kenekulia mua” e pili ana i ka makahiki gula i hala). Eia hou, ua komoʻo Volkov i ka hoʻolālāʻana i kāna mau hana - nā mea hana a me nā mele. A hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā mea kani like ʻole.

He mea pohihihi ka hana a Volkov i ka hookahuli aupuni i lawe mai ai i ka Empress Catherine the Great i ka nohoalii o Rusia. Aia kekahi paio kaulana ma waena o ke kiʻi keaka a me Peter III, ka mea i hōʻole i nā lawelawe a Volkov ma ke ʻano he haku mele a me ke alakaʻi o nā keaka ma ka Oranienbaum Theatre. A laila ʻo Peter nō ke Duke Nui, akā ʻo ka pilina, ʻike ʻia, ua hoʻopau mau ʻia. I ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Catherine i Empress, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Fyodor Volkov e komo i kāna keʻena me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ke ʻano kūikawā o ka empress i ka "mea hana Lūkini mua."

Ua hōʻike ʻo Fedor Volkov iā ia iho he alakaʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka "Triumphant Minerva" masquerade i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Moscow i 1763 no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka poni ʻana o Catherine II. ʻOiai,ʻaʻole i koho waleʻia ke kiʻi. ʻO ke akua wahine o ka naʻauao a me ka hoʻopono, ʻo ke kahu o ka ʻepekema, nā hana a me nā mea hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka empress nona iho. Ma kēia hana, ua ʻike ʻo Fyodor Volkov i kāna mau moeʻuhane o kahi makahiki gula, kahi e hoʻopau ʻia ai nā hewa a ulu ka moʻomeheu.

Eia naʻe, ʻo kāna hana hope loa kēia. He 3 mau lā ka masquerade i ka hau nui. ʻO Fedor Grigoryevich Volkov, ka mea i komo i loko o kāna hana, ua maʻi a make i ka lā 4 o ʻApelila, 1763.