Edvard Grieg |

ʻO Edvard Grieg

… Ua ʻohi au i kahi waihona waiwai o nā mele ʻōiwi mai koʻu ʻāina hānau a mai kēia, i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe Norewai, ua hoʻāʻo wau e hana i nā kiʻi ʻāina ... E. Grieg

ʻO E. Grieg ka haku mele Norewai mua loa i hele aku kāna hana ma waho o nā palena o kona ʻāina a lilo i waiwai no ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa. ʻO ka ʻaha mele piano, nā mele no ka hana keaka a G. Ibsen "Peer Gynt", "Lyric Pieces" a me nā mele aloha ʻo ia nā kiʻekiʻe o nā mele o ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia 1890. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka haku mele i loko o ka lewa o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ke ola uhane o Norewai, kahi hoihoi nui i kona mōʻaukala kahiko, ka moʻolelo a me ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu. ʻO kēia manawa i lawe mai i kahi "constellation" holoʻokoʻa o nā mea akamai, nā mea pena kiʻi ʻokoʻa - A. Tidemann i ka pena, G. Ibsen, B. Bjornson, G. Wergeland a me O. Vigne i ka palapala. "I nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻo Norewai i ka piʻi nui ʻana i ka ʻoihana palapala ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe ke kaena ʻo Rūsia," i kākau ai ʻo F. Engels i ka XNUMX. “… Hoʻokumu ka poʻe Norwegian i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a kau i kā lākou hōʻailona ma luna o nā palapala a nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa ma Kelemania."

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Grieg ma Bergen, kahi i lawelawe ai kona makuakāne ma ke ʻano he kanikela Pelekane. ʻO kona makuahine, he mea hoʻokani piano akamai, ua alakaʻi ʻo Edward i nā haʻawina mele, ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ke aloha iā Mozart. Ma muli o ka ʻōlelo aʻo a ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana Norewai ʻo U. Bull, ua komo ʻo Grieg i ka makahiki 1858 i ka Conservatory Leipzig. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu loa ka ʻōnaehana aʻo i ke kanaka ʻōpio, ka mea i makemake i ke mele aloha a R. Schumann, F. Chopin a me R. Wagner, ʻaʻole i hala nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana me ka ʻole o ka ʻike: ua komo ʻo ia i ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa, hoʻonui i kāna mele. horizons, a me ka ʻenehana loea akamai. Ma ka conservatory, ua loaʻa ʻo Grieg i nā kumu aʻoaʻo koʻikoʻi i mahalo i kāna talena (K. Reinecke i ka haku mele, ʻo E. Wenzel lāua ʻo I. Moscheles i ka piano, M. Hauptmann ma ke kumumanaʻo). Mai ka makahiki 1863, noho ʻo Grieg ma Copenhagen, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i kāna mau haku haku mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka haku mele Denemaka kaulana ʻo N. Gade. Me kona hoa, haku mele ʻo R. Nurdrok, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Grieg i ka hui mele Euterpa ma Copenhagen, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻolaha a hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana a nā mea haku mele Scandinavian ʻōpio. I ka huakaʻi ʻana a puni ʻo Norewai me Bull, ua aʻo ʻo Grieg i ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana a me ka ʻike i ka moʻolelo o ka lāhui. ʻO ka Piano Sonata kipi aloha ma E Minor, ka Violin Sonata Mua, Humoresques no ka Piano - ʻo ia nā hopena hoʻohiki o ka wā mua o ka hana a ka mea haku mele.

Me ka neʻe ʻana i Christiania (ʻo Oslo i kēia manawa) i ka makahiki 1866, ua hoʻomaka kahi hana hou a maikaʻi loa i ke ola o ka haku mele. ʻO ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i nā kuʻuna o nā mele aupuni, ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā hana a nā mea hoʻokani mele Norewai, ke aʻoʻana i ka lehulehu -ʻo ia nā hana nui a Grieg ma ke kapikala. Ma kāna hana, ua wehe ʻia ka Academy of Music ma Christiania (1867). I ka makahiki 1871, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Grieg i ka Musical Society ma ke kapikala, ma nā ʻaha mele āna i alakaʻi ai i nā hana a Mozart, Schumann, Liszt a me Wagner, a me nā mea haku mele Scandinavian hou - J. Swensen, Nurdrok, Gade a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hana pū ʻo Grieg ma ke ʻano he pianist - he mea hoʻokani pila o kāna mau hana piano, a ma kahi hui pū me kāna wahine, kahi mele mele ʻo Nina Hagerup. ʻO nā hana o kēia wā – ka Piano Concerto (1868), ka puke puke mua o “Lyric Pieces” (1867), ka Second Violin Sonata (1867) – hōʻike i ke komo ʻana o ka haku mele i ka makahiki o ke kanaka makua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hana hoʻonaʻauao a me nā hana hoʻonaʻauao nui a Grieg i ke kapikala i loaʻa i kahi ʻano hoʻokamani a inert i ke kiʻi. Noho ʻo ia i kahi lewa o ka huāhuā a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole, pono ʻo ia i ke kākoʻo o nā poʻe like. No laila, ʻo kahi hanana poina ʻole i kona ola ʻo ia ka hālāwai me Liszt, i hana ʻia ma 1870 ma Roma. ʻO nā ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale a ka mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo kāna loiloi hoihoi o ka Piano Concerto i hoʻihoʻi i ko Grieg hilinaʻi iā ia iho: “E hoʻomau i ka ʻuhane hoʻokahi, ke haʻi aku nei au iā ʻoe i kēia. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻikepili no kēia, a mai hoʻoweliweli ʻoe iā ʻoe iho! - ua like kēia mau ʻōlelo i ka pōmaikaʻi no Grieg. ʻO ka haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao mokuʻāina holoʻokoʻa, i loaʻa iā Grieg mai 1874, hiki ke kaupalena i kāna ʻaha mele a me nā hana aʻo i ke kapikala, a hele pinepine i ʻEulopa. I ka makahiki 1877 ua haʻalele ʻo Grieg iā Christiania. ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā hoaaloha e noho ma Copenhagen a me Leipzig, ua makemake ʻo ia i kahi ola mehameha a me ka noʻonoʻo ma Hardanger, kekahi o nā ʻāpana kūloko o Norewai.

Mai ka makahiki 1880, noho 'o Grieg ma Bergen a me kona mau puni ma ka villa "Trollhaugen" ("Troll Hill"). ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau he hopena maikaʻi ia ma ke ʻano o ka haku mele. ʻO ka pilikia o ka hopena o 70s. ua hala, ua ʻike hou ʻo Grieg i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu. I ka noho mālie o Trollhaugen, ʻelua mau papa mele "Peer Gynt", ka quartet string ma G minor, ka suite "Mai ka manawa o Holberg", nā puke puke hou o "Lyric Pieces", nā mele aloha a me nā leo leo. A hiki i nā makahiki hope o kona ola, ua hoʻomau nā hana hoʻonaʻauao a Grieg (e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻaha mele o ka hui mele Bergen Harmony, e hoʻonohonoho ana i ka ʻahaʻaina mua o nā mele Norewai i ka makahiki 1898). Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hana a ka mea haku mele koʻikoʻi e nā huakaʻi (Kelemānia, Austria, ʻEnelani, Farani); Ua kōkua lākou i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mele Norewai ma ʻEulopa, lawe mai i nā pilina hou, nā kamaʻāina me nā haku mele nui loa o kēia wā - I. Brahms, C. Saint-Saens, M. Reger, F. Busoni, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

I ka makahiki 1888, hui 'o Grieg me P. Tchaikovsky ma Leipzig. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ko lāua pilina lōʻihi, ma ka ʻōlelo a Tchaikovsky, "ma ka pilina o loko o nā ʻano mele ʻelua." Me Tchaikovsky, ua loaʻa ʻo Grieg i kahi kauka hanohano mai ke Kulanui o Cambridge (1893). Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka overture a Tchaikovsky "Hamlet" iā Grieg. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana a ka mea haku mele e ʻEhā Halelu iā Old Norwegian Melodies no ka baritone a me ka hui mele a cappella (1906). ʻO ke kiʻi o ka ʻāina hānau i loko o ka lokahi o ke ʻano, nā kuʻuna ʻuhane, nā moʻolelo, nā mea i hala a me kēia manawa ma ke kikowaena o ka hana a Grieg, e kuhikuhi ana i kāna mau ʻimi āpau. "Hoʻopili pinepine wau i ka noʻonoʻo a pau o Norewai, a noʻu kahi mea kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻAʻole hiki ke aloha ʻia ka ʻuhane nui me ka ikaika like me ke ʻano! ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu hohonu loa a me ke akamai o ke kiʻi epic o ka ʻāina makuahine ʻo ia ka 2 orchestral suites "Peer Gynt", kahi i hāʻawi ai ʻo Grieg i kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka manaʻo o Ibsen. Ke haʻalele nei ma waho o ka wehewehe ʻana o Per ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokalakupua, kanaka pilikino a kipi, hana ʻo Grieg i kahi mele lyrical-epic e pili ana iā Norewai, hīmeni i ka nani o kona ʻano ("Morning"), pena i nā kiʻi fairy-tale bizarre ("Ma ke ana o ke kuahiwi. mōʻī”). ʻO ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona mau loa o ka ʻāina i loaʻa i nā kiʻi lyrical o ka makuahine o Per - ʻo Oze kahiko - a me kāna wahine mare ʻo Solveig ("The Death of Oze" a me "Solveig's Lullaby").

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā suites i ke ʻano maoli o ka ʻōlelo Grigovian, ka mea i hoʻonui i ka leo o ka moʻolelo Norwegian, ka haku o kahi hiʻohiʻona puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi a nui, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kahi kiʻi epic multifaceted i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kiʻi pena liʻiliʻi orchestral pōkole. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kuʻuna o nā polokalamu liʻiliʻi a Schumann e Lyric Pieces no ka piano. Nā kiʻi kiʻi o nā ʻāina ʻākau ("In the Spring", "Nocturne", "At Home", "The Bells"), ke ʻano a me ke ʻano pāʻani ("Lullaby", "Waltz", "Butterfly", "Brook"), ka poʻe mahiʻai Norwegian nā hula ("Halling", "Springdance", "Gangar"), nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o nā moʻolelo moʻomeheu ("Procession of the Dwarves", "Kobold") a me nā mele mele maoli ("Arietta", "Melody", "Elegy") - paʻa ʻia kahi honua nui o nā kiʻi i loko o kēia mau puke moʻolelo a ka haku mele.

ʻO ka piano liʻiliʻi, ke aloha a me ke mele ke kumu o ka hana a ka mea haku mele. ʻO nā momi maoli o nā mele a Grigov, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka noʻonoʻo māmā, ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo i kahi manaʻo hoihoi, himeni, ʻo ia nā mele "The Swan" (Art. Ibsen), "Dream" (Art. F. Bogenshtedt), "I Love You" ( Art. G. X Andersen). E like me ka nui o nā haku mele aloha, hoʻohui ʻo Grieg i nā leo liʻiliʻi i loko o nā pōʻai - "Ma nā Pōhaku a me Fjords", "Norway", "Girl from the Mountains", etc. ʻO nā pilina me nā palapala aupuni, ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka heroic Scandinavian epic i nā leo a me nā mea kani no nā soloists, choir a me ka orchestra e pili ana i nā kikokikona a B. Bjornson: "Ma nā ʻīpuka o ka monastery", "Hoʻi i ka ʻāina hānau", "Olaf Trygvason” (op. 50).

ʻO nā hana mea kani o nā ʻano pōʻaiapuni nui e hōʻailona i nā milestone nui loa i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea haku mele. ʻO ka concerto piano, ka mea i wehe i ka manawa o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui i ka mōʻaukala o ke ʻano ma ke ala mai nā concerto a L. Beethoven iā P. Tchaikovsky lāua ʻo S. Rachmaninov. ʻO ka laulaha symphonic o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka orchestral scale o ke kani ke ʻano o ka String Quartet ma G minor.

ʻO kahi manaʻo hohonu o ke ʻano o ka violin, kahi mea kani i kaulana loa i ka poʻe Norwegian a me nā mele ʻoihana, ʻike ʻia i ʻekolu sonata no ka violin a me ka piano - i ka light-idyllic First; ʻO ka lua a me ke kolu, e kū ana i waena o nā hana hoʻokani a ka mea haku mele, me ka piano Ballade ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mele mele Norewai, ʻo Sonata no Cello a me Piano. I loko o kēia mau pōʻai āpau, pili nā loina o ka sonata dramaturgy me nā loina o kahi suite, kahi pōʻai o nā mea liʻiliʻi (e pili ana i ka hoʻololi manuahi, kahi "chain" o nā ʻāpana like ʻole e hopu i nā loli koke i nā manaʻo, ʻōlelo ʻia e hana i kahi "kahawai o ka pīhoihoi. ", ma ka olelo a B. Asafiev).

ʻO ke ʻano suite ka mea i lanakila i ka hana symphonic a Grieg. Ma waho aʻe o nā suites "Peer Gynt", ua kākau ka mea haku mele i kahi suite no ka string orchestra "From the Time of Holberg" (ma ke ʻano o nā suites kahiko o Bach a me Handel); "Hula Symphonic" ma nā kumuhana Norewai, kahi hui mai ke mele a i ka hana keaka a B. Bjornson "Sigurd Jorsalfar", etc.

Loaʻa koke ka hana a Grieg i ka poʻe hoʻolohe mai nā ʻāina like ʻole, aia i ka makahiki 70. o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lilo ia i mea punahele a komo hohonu i ke ola mele o Rusia. "Ua lanakila koke ʻo Grieg i nā puʻuwai Lūkini nona iho," i kākau ai ʻo Tchaikovsky. "I loko o kāna mele, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka melancholy maikaʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka nani o ke ʻano Norewai, i kekahi manawa ākea ākea a hanohano, i kekahi manawa hina, haʻahaʻa, pōʻino, akā nani mau no ka ʻuhane o ka ʻākau, aia kahi mea kokoke iā mākou, e ke aloha, loaʻa koke i loko o ko mākou naʻau ka pane mehana a me ke aloha.

I. Okhalova

• ʻO ko Grieg ola a me kāna hana →
• Hana ka piano a Grieg →
• Chamber-instrumental creativity o Grieg →
• Nā mele a me nā mele o Grieg →
• ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mele moʻomeheu Norewai a me kona mana i ke ʻano o Grieg →

ʻO ke ola a me ke ala hana

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Edvard Hagerup Grieg ma Iune 15, 1843. ʻO kona mau kūpuna he Scots (ma ka inoa ʻo Greig). Akā, ua noho pū koʻu kupuna kāne i Norewai, ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kanikela Pelekane ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Bergen; ʻO ia kūlana hoʻokahi i paʻa i ka makuakāne o ka haku mele. He mele ka ʻohana. ʻO ka makuahine - he pianist maikaʻi - ua aʻo i nā keiki mele iā ia iho. Ma hope mai, ma waho aʻe o Edward, ua loaʻa i kona kaikuaʻana ʻo John kahi hoʻonaʻauao mele ʻoihana (ua puka ʻo ia mai ka Leipzig Conservatory ma ka papa cello me Friedrich Grützmacher a me Karl Davydov).

ʻO Bergen, kahi i hānau ʻia ai ʻo Grieg a hoʻopau i kona mau makahiki ʻōpio, ua kaulana ʻo ia no kāna mau kuʻuna noʻeau aupuni, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke kahua o ka hale keaka: Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Henrik Ibsen lāua ʻo Bjornstjerne Bjornson i kā lāua mau hana ma ʻaneʻi; Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ole Bull ma Bergen a noho lōʻihi. ʻO ia ka mea nāna i huki mua i ka manaʻo o ke kālena mele koʻikoʻi o Edward (he keikikāne i haku ʻia mai ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua) a ʻōlelo i kona mau mākua e hoʻonoho iā ia i ka Leipzig Conservatory, i hana ʻia ma 1858. Me nā hoʻomaha pōkole, noho ʻo Grieg ma Leipzig a hiki i 1862 . (I ka makahiki 1860, ua loaʻa ʻo Grieg i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona olakino: ua nalowale ʻo ia i hoʻokahi māmā.).

ʻO Grieg, me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao conservatory, nā ʻano kumu aʻo kula, ka conservatism o kāna mau kumu, ko lākou kaʻawale mai ke ola. Ma nā leo o ka ʻakaʻaka maikaʻi, ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kēia mau makahiki, a me kona wā kamaliʻi, ma kahi moʻolelo autobiographical i kapa ʻia ʻo "My First Success". Ua loaʻa i ka mea haku mele ʻōpio ka ikaika e "hoʻolei i ka ʻauamo o nā ʻōpala pono ʻole a pau i hāʻawi ʻia e kāna hānai liʻiliʻi ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē," i hoʻoweliweli iā ia e hoʻokuʻu iā ia i ke ala hewa. "Ma kēia mana e waiho ai koʻu ola, koʻu hauʻoli," kākau ʻo Grieg. "A i koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mana, i koʻu ʻike ʻana iaʻu iho, ʻike wau i kaʻu mea e makemake ai e kapa i koʻu iho. ka wale holomua…”. Eia naʻe, ʻo kona noho ʻana ma Leipzig i hāʻawi nui iā ia: ua kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ola mele ma kēia kūlanakauhale. A inā ʻaʻole i loko o nā paia o ka conservatory, a laila ma waho o ia mea, ua hui pū ʻo Grieg i nā mele o nā haku haku o kēia wā, a ma waena o lākou i mahalo nui ai iā Schumann lāua ʻo Chopin.

Ua hoʻomau ʻo Grieg i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana ma ke ʻano he haku mele ma ke kikowaena mele o Scandinavia - Copenhagen. ʻO ka haku mele Denemaka kaulana, he mea mahalo iā Mendelssohn, ʻo Nils Gade (1817-1890) i lilo i alakaʻi. ʻAʻole naʻe i hōʻoluʻolu kēia mau haʻawina iā Grieg: ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i nā ala hou i ka hana kiʻi. Ua kōkua ka hui me Rikard Nurdrok e ʻike iā lākou - "me he mea lā ua hāʻule ka pale mai koʻu mau maka," wahi āna. Ua hoʻohiki ka poʻe haku mele ʻōpio e hāʻawi i kā lākou āpau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi lāhui Norewai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke mele, ua haʻi lākou i kahi hakakā aloha ʻole e kūʻē i ka "Scandinavism" i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Ua kākoʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻimi noʻonoʻo a Grieg e Ole Bull – i ko lākou huakaʻi hui ʻana i Norewai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hoa ʻōpio i nā mea huna o nā kiʻi kanaka.

ʻAʻole lohi nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo hou i ka hana a ka mea haku mele. Ma ka piano "Humoresques" op. 6 a me ka sonata op. 7, a me ka violin sonata op. 8 a me Overture "I ka Autumn" op. 11, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o Grieg. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻo ia iā lākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kona ola e pili ana me Christiania (ʻo Oslo i kēia manawa).

Mai ka makahiki 1866 a hiki i ka makahiki 1874, ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia manawa koʻikoʻi loa o ka hana mele, ke mele a me ka haku mele.

Hoʻi i Copenhagen, me Nurdrok, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Grieg i ka hui Euterpe, kahi i hoʻonohonoho iā ia iho i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hana a nā mea mele ʻōpio. I ka hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, ma ke kapikala ʻo Norewai, ʻo Christiania, hāʻawi ʻo Grieg i kāna mau mele a me nā hana kaiaulu i kahi ākea ākea. Ma ke ʻano he poʻo o ka Philharmonic Society, ua ʻimi ʻo ia, me ka poʻe papa mele, e hoʻoulu i ka lehulehu i ka hoihoi a me ke aloha i nā hana a Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, nona nā inoa i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Norewai, a me ke mele o Nā mea kākau Norewai. Hoʻokani pū ʻo Grieg ma ke ʻano he pianist e hana ana i kāna mau hana ponoʻī, pinepine i ka hui pū ʻana me kāna wahine, ke mele mele ʻo Nina Hagerup. Ua hele pū kāna mau hana mele a hoʻonaʻauao me ka hana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he haku mele. I loko o kēia mau makahiki ʻo ia i kākau ai i ka concerto piano kaulana. 16, ʻElua Violin Sonata, op. 13 (kekahi o kāna mau haku mele i aloha nui ʻia) a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e paʻi i nā pūʻulu puke o nā ʻāpana leo, a me nā piano liʻiliʻi, nā mele mele a me nā hulahula.

ʻO ka hana nui a me ka hua o Grieg ma Christiania, ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā hoa aloha nui i kāna hakakā aloha aloha no ke aupuni democratic - ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo ka mea haku mele ʻo Svensen a me ka mea kākau ʻo Bjornson (ua pili pū ʻo ia me ka hope no nā makahiki he nui o ka pilina), akā he nui nā ʻenemi - nā zealots inert o ka wā kahiko. ka mea i uhi i kona mau makahiki o ka noho ana ma Keristiano me ko lakou mau manao. No laila, ʻo ke kōkua aloha a Liszt i hāʻawi aku iā ia, ua paʻi ʻia i loko o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o Grieg.

ʻO Liszt, ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kūlana abbot, ua noho ʻo ia i kēia mau makahiki ma Roma. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻike pilikino iā Grieg, akā i ka hopena o 1868, ua kamaʻāina ʻo ia iā ia iho me kāna Sonata Violin Mua, i ʻike ʻia e ka hou o ka mele, ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kahi leka hoihoi i ka mea kākau. He kuleana nui kēia leka ma ka moʻolelo pilikino o Grieg: ʻO ke kākoʻo pono o Liszt i hoʻoikaika i kona kūlana noʻonoʻo a me kāna kūlana kiʻi. I ka makahiki 1870, hui kino lakou. He hoaaloha hanohano a lokomaikaʻi o nā mea a pau i akamai i nā mele hou, nāna i kākoʻo nui i ka poʻe i ʻike aupuni e hoʻomaka ana i ka hana hoʻomohala, ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo Liszt i ka ʻaha mele piano a Grieg i hoʻopau hou ʻia. Ua haʻi ʻo ia iā ia: "E hoʻomau, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻikepili āpau no kēia, a - mai ʻae ʻoe e hoʻoweliweli! ..”.

E haʻi ana i kona ʻohana e pili ana i ka hālāwai me Liszt, ua hoʻohui ʻo Grieg: "He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau ʻōlelo iaʻu. He ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi. A ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, i nā manawa o ka hōʻeha a me ka ʻawaʻawa, e hoʻomanaʻo wau i kāna mau ʻōlelo, a na nā hoʻomanaʻo o kēia hola e kākoʻo iaʻu me ka mana kupua i nā lā o ka hoʻāʻo.

Ua hele ʻo Grieg i Italia ma ka haʻawina mokuʻāina i loaʻa iā ia. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, me Swensen, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi penikala ola mai ka mokuʻāina, i hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai ka pono e loaʻa kahi hana paʻa. I ka makahiki 1873, haʻalele ʻo Grieg iā Christiania, a i ka makahiki aʻe ua noho ʻo ia ma kāna kamaʻāina ʻo Bergen. Hoʻomaka ka wā e hiki mai ana, hope, lōʻihi o kona ola, i hōʻailona ʻia e nā kūleʻa hana nui, ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu ma ka home a ma waho. Hoʻomaka kēia manawa me ka hana ʻana i nā mele no ka pāʻani a Ibsen "Peer Gynt" (1874-1875). ʻO kēia mele i kaulana ai ka inoa o Grieg ma ʻEulopa. Me ke mele no Peer Gynt, he hoʻokani pila piano koʻikoʻi. 24, string quartet op. 27, suite "Mai ka manawa o Holberg" op. 40, he pūʻulu puke o nā ʻāpana piano a me nā mele leo, kahi e huli nui ai ka mea haku mele i nā kikokikona a nā haku mele Norewai, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i ka mele a Grieg ke kaulana nui, e komo ana i ke kahua ʻaha mele a me ke ola home; paʻi ʻia kāna mau hana e kekahi o nā hale hoʻopuka Kelemania kaulana loa, ke hoʻonui nei ka nui o nā huakaʻi ʻahamele. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna mau hana akamai, ua koho ʻia ʻo Grieg i lālā o kekahi mau kula: Suedena i 1872, Leiden (ma Holani) i 1883, Farani i 1890, a hui pū me Tchaikovsky i 1893 - he kauka no ke Kulanui ʻo Cambridge.

I ka wā lōʻihi, ua haʻalele ʻo Grieg i ke ola walaʻau o ke kapikala. E pili ana i ka huakaʻi, pono ʻo ia e kipa iā Berlin, Vienna, Paris, Lākana, Prague, Warsaw, ʻoiai ma Norewai ʻo ia e noho mehameha, ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale (ma mua ma Lufthus, a laila kokoke i Bergen ma kāna ʻāina, i kapa ʻia ʻo Troldhaugen, ʻo ia ka mea. ʻo ia, "Hill of the Trolls"); hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i ka hana. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole haʻalele ʻo Grieg i ka hana mele a me ka hana kaiaulu. No laila, i nā makahiki 1880-1882, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hui ʻaha mele ʻo Harmony ma Bergen, a i ka makahiki 1898 ua mālama ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele Norewai mua loa (ʻeono mau ʻahamele) ma laila. Akā i nā makahiki, pono e haʻalele ʻia kēia: ua emi kona olakino, ua ulu pinepine nā maʻi pulmonary. Ua make ʻo Grieg i ka lā 4 o Kepakemapa, 1907. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia kona make ʻana ma Norewai ma ke ʻano he kanikau aupuni.

* * *

ʻO ka manaʻo o ke aloha hohonu e hoʻāla i ke ʻano o Edvard Grieg - he mea pena a he kanaka. ʻO ka pane a me ke akahai i ka launa pū ʻana me nā kānaka, ma kāna hana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka pololei, a, ʻaʻole i komo pololei i ke ola politika o ka ʻāina, ua hana mau ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he democrat i hoʻomaopopo ʻia. ʻO ka pono o kona poʻe kamaʻāina ma luna o nā mea a pau nona. ʻO ia ke kumu, i nā makahiki i ʻike ʻia ai nā manaʻo i waho, i hoʻopā ʻia e ka mana decadent, ua hana ʻo Grieg i kekahi o nā mea nui loa. ʻoia iʻo nā mea pena kiʻi. "Ke kū'ē nei au i nā ʻano "isms," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana me ka poʻe Wagnerian.

Ma kāna mau ʻatikala liʻiliʻi, hōʻike ʻo Grieg i nā manaʻo hoʻoholo maikaʻi. Kūlou ʻo ia i mua o ke akamai o Mozart, akā i ka manawa hoʻokahi ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia i ka wā i hui ai ʻo Wagner, "ʻo kēia kanaka akamai honua, nona ka ʻuhane i noho malihini ʻole i kekahi philistinism, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kamaliʻi i nā lanakila hou a pau ma ke kahua o ka honua. keaka a me ka orkestra. ʻO JS Bach nona ka "pōhaku kihi" o nā kiʻi o kēia wā. Ma Schumann, mahalo ʻo ia ma luna o nā "leo pumehana a hohonu" o ka mele. A manaʻo ʻo Grieg iā ia iho he lālā o ke kula Schumannian. ʻO kahi penchant no ka melancholy a me ka moeʻuhane e pili ana iā ia i nā mele German. "Akā naʻe, makemake mākou i ka akaka a me ka pōkole," wahi a Grieg, "ʻoiai ʻo kā mākou kamaʻilio kamaʻilio he akaka a pololei. Hoʻoikaika mākou e hoʻokō i kēia akaka a me ka pololei i kā mākou hana. " Loaʻa iā ia nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi he nui no Brahms, a hoʻomaka i kāna ʻatikala e hoʻomanaʻo iā Verdi me nā huaʻōlelo: "Ua haʻalele ka mea nui hope ...".

Hoʻopili ʻia nā pilina aloha iā Grieg me Tchaikovsky. ʻO kā lāua kamaʻāina pilikino i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1888 a lilo i manaʻo o ke aloha hohonu, wehewehe ʻia, ma nā ʻōlelo a Tchaikovsky, "e ka pilina o loko o nā ʻano mele ʻelua." "Haʻaheo wau ua loaʻa iaʻu kāu hoaaloha," kākau ʻo ia iā Grieg. A ʻo ia hoʻi, ua moeʻuhane ʻo ia i kahi hālāwai ʻē aʻe "ma nā wahi a pau: ma Rusia, Norewai a ma kahi ʻē aʻe!" Ua hōʻike ʻo Tchaikovsky i kona manaʻo mahalo iā Grieg ma ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana iā ia i ka overture-fantasy Hamlet. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi wehewehe kupaianaha o ka hana a Grieg ma kāna Autobiographical Description of a Journey Abroad in 1888.

"I loko o kāna mele, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka melancholy enchanting, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka nani o ke ʻano Norewai, i kekahi manawa ākea ākea a nani, i kekahi manawa hina, haʻahaʻa, pōʻino, akā nani mau loa no ka ʻuhane o ka ʻĀkau, aia kahi mea kokoke iā mākou, e ke aloha, loaʻa koke i loko o ko mākou puʻuwai he mehana, aloha pane ... Pehea ka nui o ka pumehana a me ke aloha i loko o kāna mau hua'ōlelo mele, - Tchaikovsky i kākau hou aku, - pehea ka nui o ke kī o ka hahau ana i ke ola i loko o kona kuikahi, pehea ka nui o ka originality a me ka nani o kona maoli i loko o kona witty, piquant. modulations a me ke mele, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoihoi mau, hou, kumu! Inā mākou e hoʻohui i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi i ka maʻalahi, ʻokoʻa i ka maʻalahi a me ka pretension ... a laila ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha ke aloha nā mea a pau iā Grieg, ua kaulana ʻo ia ma nā wahi āpau! ..».

M. Druskin

Nā haku mele:

Hana piano ma kahi o 150 wale nō Many Little Pieces (op. 1, published 1862); 70 i loko o 10 "Lyric Notebooks" (i paʻi ʻia mai ka makahiki 1870 a hiki i ka makahiki 1901) ʻO nā hana nui he: Sonata e-moll op. 7 (1865) Ballad ma ke ano o na hoololi op. 24 (1875)

No ka piano eha lima Nā ʻāpana Symphonic op. ʻumikūmāhā hula norewai op. 35 Waltzes-Caprices (2 ʻāpana) op. 37 Old Norse Romance with Variations op. 50 (aia he paʻi hoʻokani pila) 4 Mozart sonata no 2 piano 4 lima (F-dur, c-moll, C-dur, G-dur)

Nā mele a me nā mele i ka huina - me ka posthumously paʻi ʻia - ma luna o 140

Nā hana mea kani o ke keʻena ʻO Violin Sonata mua ma F-dur op. 8 (1866) ʻElua Violin Sonata G-dur op. 13 (1871) Sonata violin ʻekolu ma c-moll, op. 45 (1886) Cello sonata a-moll op. 36 (1883) Manaʻo quartet g-moll op. 27 (1877-1878)

Nā hana symphonic "I ka Autumn", overture op. 11 (1865-1866) Piano Concerto a-moll op. 16 (1868) 2 elegiac melodies (ma muli o nā mele pono'ī) no ka string orchestra, op. 34 "Mai ka manawa o Holberg", suite (5 ʻāpana) no ka string orchestra, op. 40 (1884) 2 suites (ka huina 9 mau ʻāpana) mai ke mele a i ka pāʻani a G. Ibsen ʻo “Peer Gynt” op. 46 a me 55 (mau makahiki 80 hope) 2 melodies (ma muli o nā mele ponoʻī) no ka string orchestra, op. 53 3 mau ʻāpana mele mai “Sigurd Iorsalfar” op. 56 (1892) 2 Nā mele Norewai no ka string orchestra, op. 63 Hula Symphonic i nā kumu no Norwegian, op. 64

Nā hana leo a me ka symphonic mele keaka "Ma nā ʻīpuka o ka monastery" no nā leo wahine - solo a me ke mele - a me ka orchestra, op. 20 (1870) "Homecoming" no nā leo kāne - hoʻokahi a me ka papa mele - a me ka orchestra, op. 31 (1872, 2nd edition – 1881) Mehameha no ka baritone, string orchestra and two horns op. 32 (1878) Mele no Ibsen's Peer Gynt, op. 23 (1874-1875) "Bergliot" no ka hoʻolaha me ka orchestra op. 42 (1870—1871) Nā hiʻohiʻona mai Olaf Trygvason no nā mea hoʻokani solo, hīmeni a me ka hoʻokani pila, op. 50 (1889)

Nā koho Album no ke mele kane (12 choirs) op. kanakolu 4 himeni i na mele Norewai kahiko no ka papa himeni huikau a cappella me ka baritone a i ole bass op. 74 (1906)

palapala palapala Aia ma waena o nā ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia nā mea nui: "Wagnerian performances in Bayreuth" (1876), "Robert Schumann" (1893), "Mozart" (1896), "Verdi" (1901), he autobiographical essay "My first success" ( 1905)