Charles Munch |

Charles Munch

I ka wā makua wale nō, i ka piha ʻana o kona mau makahiki he kanahā, ua lilo ʻo Charles Munsch i alakaʻi. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau makahiki wale nō ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea pena mai kona kaulana ākea ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino. ʻO kona ola holoʻokoʻa ma mua mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana ua hoʻopiha ʻia i nā mele a ua lilo, me he mea lā, ke kumu o ka ʻoihana alakaʻi.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Munsch ma Strasbourg, ke keiki a kahi mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO kona mau kaikunāne ʻehā a me nā kaikuahine ʻelua, e like me ia, he mau mea hoʻokani pila. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa ua hāpai ʻia ʻo Charles e aʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, akā naʻe, ua hoʻoholo koke ʻo ia e lilo i violinist. Ma hope o ka makahiki 1912, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna ʻaha mele mua ma Strasbourg, a ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ka hale haʻuki, hele ʻo ia i Paris e aʻo me Lucien Capet kaulana. I ka wā o ke kaua, ua lawelawe ʻo Munsch i ka pūʻali koa a ua ʻoki ʻia ʻo ia mai ke kiʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ma hope o ka demobilization, ma 1920 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila o ka Strasbourg Orchestra a me ke aʻo ʻana ma ka conservatory kūloko. Ma hope mai, ua paʻa ka mea pena kiʻi i kahi pou like ma nā orchestras o Prague a me Leipzig. Maanei oia i paani ai me na alakai alakai e like me V. Furtwangler, B. Walter, a no ka manawa mua i ku ai ma ke kahua o ke alakai.

I ka makahiki mua o kanakolu, neʻe ʻo Munsch i Farani a ua puka koke ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi. Ua hana ʻo ia me ka Paris Symphony Orchestra, alakaʻi i ka Lamoureux Concertos, a kaʻapuni i ka ʻāina a i waho. Ma 1937-1945, ua alakaʻi ʻo Munsch i nā ʻaha mele me ka orchestra o ka Paris Conservatory, e waiho ana ma kēia kūlana i ka wā o ka noho ʻana. I nā makahiki paʻakikī, hōʻole ʻo ia e hui pū me nā mea hoʻouka kaua a kōkua i ka neʻe kūʻē.

Ma hope koke iho o ke kaua, ua hoʻokani ʻo Munsch i ʻelua manawa - ʻo ka mua ma kāna iho a laila me kahi orkestra lekiō Farani - hoʻokani ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma ka manawa like, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e lawe i luna mai ka mea hoʻomaha ʻo Sergei Koussevitzky ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Boston Orchestra. No laila "imperceptibly" ʻo Munsch ma ke poʻo o kekahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa ma ka honua.

I loko o kona mau makahiki me ka Boston Orchestra (1949-1962), ua hōʻike ʻo Munsch he mea hoʻokani pila a akamai i ka nui. Ma waho aʻe o ka repertoire kuʻuna, ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i nā papahana o kāna hui me nā hana he nui o nā mele o kēia wā, hana i nā hana choral monumental e Bach, Berlioz, Schubert, Honegger, Debussy. ʻElua mau huakaʻi huakaʻi nui ʻo Munsch a me kāna orkestra ma ʻEulopa. I ka lua o lākou, ua hā'awi ka hui i kekahi mau 'aha mele ma ka USSR, kahi i ho'okani hou ai 'o Munsch me ka Soviet orchestras. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka poʻe hoʻohewa i kāna hana noʻeau. Ua kākau ʻo E. Ratser ma ka Soviet Music magazine: "ʻO ka manaʻo nui loa i nā ʻaha mele a Munsch e mau ana paha, mai ka mana o ke ʻano o ka mea pena. ʻO kona helehelena holoʻokoʻa e hanu i ka hilinaʻi mālie a i ka manawa like i ka lokomaikaʻi makua. Ma ke kahua, hana ʻo ia i kahi lewa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. E hōʻike ana i ka paʻa o ka makemake, koi, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻokau i kona makemake. Aia kona ikaika i ka lawelawe ʻole ʻana i kāna ʻoihana aloha: i ka wā e alakaʻi ai, hāʻawi ʻo Munsch iā ia iho i ke mele. ʻO ka orchestra, ka poʻe hoʻolohe, hoʻopio nui ʻo ia no ka mea ʻo ia iho ka makemake. ʻO ka ʻoliʻoli, hauʻoli. I loko ona, e like me Arthur Rubinstein (ʻaneʻane like lākou i nā makahiki), ka pumehana ʻōpio o ka ʻuhane. ʻO ka manaʻo wela maoli, ka noʻonoʻo hohonu, ka naʻauao o ke ola nui a me ke ʻano o ka ʻōpio, ke ʻano o ke ʻano kiʻi waiwai o Munsch, ʻike ʻia i mua o mākou i kēlā me kēia hana i nā aka hou a me nā hui pū. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēlā me kēia manawa me he mea lā ua loaʻa i ka conductor ka maikaʻi e pono ai ke hana i kēia hana. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau i ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana a Munsch i nā mele Farani, ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao ikaika loa o kāna ʻano hana. ʻO nā hana a Rameau, Berlioz, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel a me nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe o nā manawa like ʻole i loaʻa iā ia he unuhi ʻōlelo maʻalahi a hoʻoikaika ʻia, hiki ke haʻi aku i ka mea hoʻolohe i ka nani a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ke mele o kona poʻe. Ua emi ka lanakila o ka mea pena i na symphonies kahiko.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua haʻalele ʻo Charles Munch i Bosetona, a hoʻi i ʻEulopa. Noho ʻo ia ma Farani, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele a me ke aʻo ʻana, e hauʻoli ana i ka ʻike ākea. Loaʻa i ka mea pena kahi puke autobiographical "He alakaʻi wau", i paʻi ʻia ma 1960 ma ka unuhi Lūkini.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek