Kobza: he aha ia, haku mele, mōʻaukala, kani, hoʻohana

ʻO kobza ka mea kani Ukrainian folk he pili pili i ka lute. No ka pūʻulu o nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, uhuki ʻia, ʻehā a ʻoi aʻe nā kaula i hui ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o Ukraine, loaʻa kāna mau ʻano ma Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Polani.

Mea paahana

ʻO ke kumu ke kino, he lāʻau ka mea nona. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino he elongated liʻiliʻi, e like me ka pear. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā kaula, he pālahalaha, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hope he convex. ʻO ka nui o ka hihia he 50 knm ka lōʻihi a me 30 knm ākea.

Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi i ke kino, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā pahu metala a me ke poʻo e piʻo iki i hope. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kaula ma ka ʻaoʻao mua, ʻokoʻa ka helu: aia nā koho hoʻolālā me ka liʻiliʻi ʻehā, me ka nui o nā kaula he ʻumikumamālua.

I kekahi manawa ua hoʻopili pū ʻia kahi plectrum - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pāʻani me ia ma mua o kou manamana lima, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ke kani.

He aha ke kani o kobza?

He ʻōnaehana quarto-quint ka mea kani. ʻO kona kani he palupalu, mālie, kūpono no ka hoʻokaniʻana, me kaʻole e hoʻomoe i ke koena o ka poʻe i komo i ka hana. Hele maikaʻi me ka violin, ka ʻohe, ka clarinet, ka ʻohe.

Hōʻike nā leo o ka kobza, no laila hiki i ka mea mele ke hana i nā hana paʻakikī. Ua like nā ʻano hana pāʻani me nā lute: ʻohi kaula, harmonic, legato, tremolo, brute force.

mō'aukala

Loaʻa nā mea hoʻohālike e like me ka lute ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia moʻomeheu. Malia paha, ua hānau ʻia ka manaʻo o kā lākou hana ʻana ma nā ʻāina o ka Hikina. Loaʻa nā huaʻōlelo "kobza", "kobuz" i nā hōʻike i kākau ʻia mai ka makahiki XNUMXth. ʻO nā hana e like me ka lute Ukrainian i kapa ʻia ʻo "kopuz" ma Turkey, a ʻo "cobza" ma Romania.

Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka kobza ma Ukraine, ua aloha ʻo ia i nā Cossacks: ua loaʻa iā ia kahi inoa kūikawā ma aneʻi: "Lute of the Cossack", "Cossack lute". ʻO ka poʻe i akamai i ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻana i kapa ʻia ʻo kobzars. Hoʻokani pinepine lākou i kā lākou mele ponoʻī, nā moʻolelo, nā kaʻao me ka pāʻani. Aia nā hōʻike i kākau ʻia ʻo ka hetman kaulana ʻo Bohdan Khmelnytsky, i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā ʻelele haole, hoʻokani i ka kobza.

Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe Ukrainian, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi lute i hoʻololi ʻia ma nā ʻāina Polani, Romanian, Lūkini. Ua manaʻo ʻia he waiwai ʻāina, ʻaʻole pono e aʻo lōʻihi e pāʻani. Ua like ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻano ʻEulopa, ʻokoʻa ka nui a me ka helu o nā kaula.

Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka makahiki XNUMXth e ka hana ʻana o kahi mea kani like, ka bandura. Ua lilo ka mea hou i mea maikaʻi loa, paʻakikī, a ua hoʻoneʻe koke i ka "kaikuahine" mai ka honua o nā mele Ukrainian.

I kēia lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ka mea kani Ukrainian ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kobza Art ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky: ma kahi o 400 mau hōʻike i waiho ʻia i loko.

E ho ohana

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lute Ukrainian i nā orchestras, folk ensembles: hele pū me ke mele a i ʻole ke mele nui.

ʻO kekahi o nā ensembles kaulana loa a me ka hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻana he kobza i kā lākou haku mele ʻo ka National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments o Ukraine.