Osip Afanasyevich Petrov |

Osip Petrov

"ʻO kēia mea pena kiʻi paha kekahi o nā mea hana o ka opera Lūkini. Mahalo wale i nā mele mele e like me ia, hiki i kā mākou opera ke lawe i kahi kiʻekiʻe me ka hanohano e kū i ka hoʻokūkū me ka opera Italia. ʻO kēia keʻano o VV Stasov kahi o Osip Afanasyevich Petrov i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nāʻoihana aupuni. ʻAe, he misionari koʻikoʻi ko kēia mea mele - ua lilo ʻo ia i ke kumu o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni aupuni, me Glinka i hoʻokumu i kona kumu.

Ma ka mōʻaukala mua o Ivan Susanin i ka makahiki 1836, hana ʻo Osip Petrov i ka hapa nui, āna i hoʻomākaukau ai ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka iā ia iho. A mai ia manawa, ua noho aliʻi ka mea pena kiʻi kiʻekiʻe ma ke kahua keaka aupuni.

ʻO ka wahi o Petrov i ka moʻolelo o ka opera Lūkini i wehewehe ʻia e ka mea haku mele Lūkini nui ʻo Mussorgsky penei: "He titan ʻo Petrov i lawe ma luna o kona poʻohiwi Homeric kokoke i nā mea a pau i hana ʻia i nā mele dramatic - e hoʻomaka mai ka 30s ... e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e ke kupuna kāne aloha.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Osip Afanasyevich Petrov ma Nowemapa 15, 1807 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Elisavetgrad. ʻO Ionka (e like me kona kapa ʻia ʻana) ua ulu ʻo Petrov ma ke ʻano he keikikāne alanui, ʻaʻohe makua kāne. ʻO ka makuahine, he wahine kālepa bazaar, loaʻa nā peni ma ka hana nui. I ka makahiki ʻehiku, ua komo ʻo Ionka i ka papa himeni o ka hale pule, kahi i kū pono ai kāna kani kani a nani loa, a ua lilo ia i bass ikaika.

I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhā, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hopena o ke keikikāne: ua lawe ke kaikunāne o kona makuahine iā Ionka iā ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia i ka ʻoihana. Ua kaumaha ʻo Konstantin Savvich Petrov ma ka lima; pono ke keiki e uku i ka berena a kona anakala ma ka hana nui, pinepine i ka po. Eia kekahi, ua nānā koʻu ʻanakala i kāna mau leʻaleʻa mele ma ke ʻano he mea pono ʻole, pampering. Ua kōkua ka hihia: ua noho ka luna hui regimental i ka hale. I ka huki ʻana i ka manaʻo i ka mana mele o ke keikikāne, ua lilo ʻo ia i kumu aʻoaʻo mua.

Ua pāpā ʻo Konstantin Savvich i kēia mau papa; Ua hahau nui ʻo ia i kāna kaikunāne i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka mea kani. Akā, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka Ionka paʻakikī.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua haʻalele koʻu ʻanakala i ʻelua makahiki ma ka ʻoihana, a haʻalele i kāna keiki kāne. Ua ʻokoʻa ʻia ʻo Osip e ka lokomaikaʻi ʻuhane - he mea pale i ke kālepa. Ua hoʻi ʻo Konstantin Savvich i ka manawa, ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka mea kālepa pōʻino e hōʻino loa iā ia iho, a ua kipaku ʻia ʻo Osip mai ka "hihia" a me ka hale.

"Ua puka ka hewa me koʻu ʻanakala i ka manawa i kaʻahele ai ka hui a Zhurakhovsky ma Elisavetgrad," wahi a ML Lvov. - Wahi a kekahi mana'o, ua lohe 'o Zhurakhovsky i ke akamai o Petrov i ka hookani pila, a kono aku la ia ia i ka hui. ʻO kekahi manaʻo ʻōlelo ʻo Petrov, ma o ke kākoʻo ʻana o kekahi, ua piʻi ma ke kahua ma ke ʻano he mea keu. Ua ʻike ka maka maka o kahi ʻoihana akamai i ka hele ʻana o Petrov i ke kahua, a ua ʻoluʻolu koke ʻo ia ma ke kahua. Ma hope o kēlā, ua like ʻo Petrov e noho i ka hui.

I ka makahiki 1826, ua ho'omaka 'o Petrov i kona ho'omaka 'ana ma ke kahua 'o Elisavetgrad ma ka pā'ani a A. Shakhovsky "The Cossack Poet". Ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka kikokikona i loko a hīmeni i nā paukū. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka kūleʻa no ka mea hoʻokani ʻo ia i "kona Ionka ponoʻī" ma ke kahua, akā ʻo ka mea nui no ka "hānau ʻia ʻo Petrov ma ke kahua."

A hiki i ka makahiki 1830, ua hoʻomau ka pae panalāʻau o ka hana hana a Petrov. Ua hana 'o ia ma Nikolaev, Kharkov, Odessa, Kursk, Poltava a me na kulanakauhale. ʻO ke kālena o ka mea mele ʻōpio i hoʻohuli nui aʻe i ka nānā ʻana o nā mea hoʻolohe a me nā loea.

I ke kauwela o 1830 ma Kursk, ua huki ʻo MS i ka manaʻo o Petrov. ʻO Lebedev, ka luna hoʻomalu o St. Petersburg Opera. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia nā mea maikaʻi o ka mea pena ʻōpio - leo, hana, hiʻohiʻona nani. No laila, ma mua o ke kapikala. "I ke ala," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Petrov, "ua kū mākou no kekahi mau lā ma Moscow, loaʻa iā MS Shchepkin, ka mea aʻu i ʻike mua ai ... Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka manaʻo paʻa no kahi hana paʻakikī a i ka manawa like me ka paipai ʻana iaʻu, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua ʻike ʻo ia i loko. he mea hiki ia'u ke lilo i mea pena. Ua hauʻoli wau i ka lohe ʻana i kēia mau ʻōlelo mai kahi mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi! Ua hāʻawi mai lākou iaʻu i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika a ʻaʻole wau i ʻike pehea e hōʻike aku ai i koʻu mahalo iā ia no kāna lokomaikaʻi i kahi mea kipa ʻike ʻole ʻia. Eia kekahi, ua lawe ʻo ia iaʻu i ka Bolshoi Theatre, i ka envelope a Madame Sontag. Ua hauʻoli loa au i kāna mele ʻana; a hiki i ia manawa, ʻaʻole au i lohe i kekahi mea e like me ia a ʻaʻole hoʻi i maopopo i ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka leo kanaka.

Ma St. Petersburg, hoʻomau ʻo Petrov i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna talena. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke kapikala me ka ʻāpana o Sarastro ma Mozart's Magic Flute, a ua hoʻomaka kēia hoʻomaka i kahi pane maikaʻi. Ma ka nūpepa "Northern Bee" hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu: "I kēia manawa, i ka opera The Magic Flute, ua puka mai ʻo Mr. Petrov, he mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio, no ka manawa mua ma ko mākou kahua, e hoʻohiki ana iā mākou he mea hoʻokani mele maikaʻi."

"No laila, hele mai kahi mea mele mai ka poʻe, ʻo Petrov, i ka hale opera ʻōpio Lūkini a hoʻonui iā ia me nā waiwai o nā mele mele," kākau ʻo ML Lvov. - I kēlā manawa, koi ʻia kēlā mau leo ​​kiʻekiʻe mai kahi mea mele opera, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka leo me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā. Aia ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā leo kiʻekiʻe e pono ai kahi ʻenehana hou, ʻokoʻa mai ka hana ʻana o nā leo i kamaʻāina i kahi leo i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki iā Petrov ke aʻo i kēia ʻenehana paʻakikī i loko o ʻelua mau mahina, a ua pololei ka mea hoʻohewa i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo ia i kāna hīmeni ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana "he hoʻololi koʻikoʻi o ia i nā memo kiʻekiʻe." ʻO ke akamai o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kēia hoʻololi a me ka haku ʻana i nā leo kiʻekiʻe loa i aʻo mau ai ʻo Petrov me Kavos i nā makahiki i hala.

Ua ukali ʻia kēia me nā wehewehe nani o nā ʻāpana bass nui ma nā keaka e Rossini, Megul, Bellini, Aubert, Weber, Meyerbeer a me nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe.

"Ma keʻano laulā, hauʻoli loa kaʻu lawelawe," i kākau ai ʻo Petrov, "akā, pono wau e hana nui, no ka mea, ua pāʻani au i ka hana keaka a me ka opera, a ʻaʻohe mea o ka opera a lākou i hāʻawi ai, ua paʻa wau i nā wahi āpau ... ʻOiai ua hauʻoli wau me koʻu holomua ma kāna kahua i koho ʻia, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia iā ia iho ma hope o ka hana. I kekahi manawa, ua pilikia au i ka hāʻule iki ʻana ma ke kahua a hoʻopau i nā pō hiamoe ʻole, a i kekahi lā aʻe e hele mai ʻoe i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa - ua hilahila ke nānā aku iā Kavos. He haʻahaʻa loa koʻu nohona. He liʻiliʻi kaʻu mau hoa kamaʻāina… ʻO ka hapa nui, noho au ma ka home, hīmeni i nā unahi i kēlā me kēia lā, aʻo i nā hana a hele i ka hale keaka.

Ua hoʻomau ʻo Petrov i ka mea hoʻokani papa mua o ka repertoire operatic European Western. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua komo mau ʻo ia i nā hana o ka opera Italia. Me kona mau hoa hana haole, ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma nā keaka ʻo Bellini, Rossini, Donizetti, a ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia i ʻike ai i kāna mau mea hana kiʻi ākea, nā mākaukau hana, ke ʻano o ke ʻano.

ʻO kāna mau hana i hana ʻia ma ka papa inoa o nā haole i mahalo nui ʻia e kona mau hoa. Pono ʻoe e ʻōlelo i nā laina mai ka puke moʻolelo a Lazhechnikov ʻo The Basurman, e pili ana i ka opera a Meyerbeer: “Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ʻoe iā Petrov ma Robert the Devil? A pehea e hoʻomanaʻo ʻole ai! Hoʻokahi wale nō au i ʻike iā ia ma kēia hana, a hiki i kēia lā, ke noʻonoʻo nei au iā ia, ke kani nei iaʻu, e like me nā leo mai Gehena: "ʻAe, kahu." A ʻo kēia hiʻohiʻona, mai ka leʻaleʻa i loaʻa ʻole i kou ʻuhane ka ikaika e hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho, a me kēia maka saffron, i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka huhū o nā kuko. A ʻo kēia ululāʻau o ka lauoho, kahi, me he mea lā, ua mākaukau kahi pūnana holoʻokoʻa o nā nahesa e kolo i waho ... "

A eia kā AN Serov: "E mahalo i ka ʻuhane a Petrov i hana ai i kāna arioso ma ka hana mua, ma ke ʻano me Robert. ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi o ke aloha makua kāne ke kūʻē nei me ke ʻano o ke kanaka infernal, no laila, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke ʻano kūlohelohe i kēia puka ʻana o ka puʻuwai, me ka haʻalele ʻole i ka hana, he mea paʻakikī. Ua lanakila loa ʻo Petrov i kēia pilikia ma ʻaneʻi a ma kāna hana holoʻokoʻa.

Ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Serov i ka pāʻani o ka mea hoʻokani Lūkini i hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Petrov mai nā mea hana koʻikoʻi o kēia hana - ka hiki ke loaʻa i ke kanaka i loko o ka ʻuhane o ka mea ʻino a hoʻoikaika i ka mana luku o ka hewa me ia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Serov ua ʻoi aku ʻo Petrov ma ke kuleana o Bertram ma mua o Ferzing, a me Tamburini, a me Formez, a me Levasseur.

Ua hahai pono ka mea haku mele ʻo Glinka i nā kūleʻa o ka haku mele. Pīhoihoi ʻia ʻo ia e ka leo o Petrov i piha i nā nuances kani, i hui pū i ka mana o kahi bass mānoanoa me ka neʻe ʻana o kahi baritone māmā. "Ua like kēia leo me ka leo haʻahaʻa o kahi bele kalakala nui," wahi a Lvov. "Ma nā leo kiʻekiʻe, ua ʻālohilohi e like me ka uila i loko o ka pōʻeleʻele o ka lani pō." Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā mea hoʻomohala o Petrov, kākau ʻo Glinka i kāna Susanin.

ʻO Nowemapa 27, 1836 kahi lā koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka opera a Glinka A Life for the Tsar. ʻO ia ka hola maikaʻi loa o Petrov - ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke aloha ʻāina Lūkini.

Eia nā manaʻo ʻelua wale nō mai ka poʻe hoʻohewa hoihoi:

"Ma ke kuleana o Susanin, ua piʻi ʻo Petrov i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna talena nui. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kahiko, a ʻo kēlā me kēia leo, kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo a Petrov i ke kuleana o Susanin e lilo i mau keiki mamao.

"Dramatic, hohonu, ʻoiaʻiʻo ka manaʻo, hiki ke hōʻea i nā ala kupaianaha, ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka manaʻo - ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokomo koke iā Petrov lāua ʻo Vorobyova i kahi mua ma waena o kā mākou mea hoʻokani a hoʻolilo i ka lehulehu Lūkini e hele i ka lehulehu i nā hana o" Life for the Tsar "".

I ka huina, ua hīmeni ʻo Petrov i ka ʻāpana o Susanin ʻelua haneli kanaiwakumamākolu manawa! Ua wehe kēia kuleana i kahi pae hou, koʻikoʻi loa i kāna moʻolelo. Ua paʻi ʻia ke ala e nā haku mele nui - Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. E like me nā mea kākau ponoʻī, ua kau like nā hana ʻino a me nā mea hoʻokalakupua iā ia. ʻO kona mau piko, ma hope o Susanin, ʻo Farlaf ma Ruslan a me Lyudmila, Melnik ma Rusalka, Leporello ma The Stone Guest, Varlaam ma Boris Godunov.

Ua kākau ka haku mele ʻo C. Cui e pili ana i ka hana o ka ʻāpana o Farlaf: “He aha kaʻu e ʻōlelo ai no Mr. Petrov? Pehea e hōʻike ai i ka mahalo a pau o kāna kālena kupaianaha? Pehea e haʻi aku ai i ka maʻalahi a me ke ʻano o ka pāʻani; ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā aka liʻiliʻi: naʻauao loa ke mele? E ʻōlelo wale kākou, ʻo ka nui o nā kuleana i hana ʻia e Petrov, ʻo ka hana a Farlaf kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa.

a ua noʻonoʻo pono ʻo VV Stasov i ka hana a Petrov i ke kuleana o Farlaf ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālike e like ai nā mea hana a pau o kēia kuleana.

Ma ka lā 4 o Mei, 1856, hoʻokani mua ʻo Petrov i ke kuleana o Melnik ma Dargomyzhsky's Rusalka. ʻO ka hoʻohewa ʻana i kāna pāʻani penei: "Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo palekana ma ka hana ʻana i kēia kuleana, ua loaʻa ʻole iā Mr. Petrov kahi kuleana kūikawā i ka inoa o ka mea pena. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona, akamai i ka heluhelu ʻana, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka haʻi ʻōlelo ... ua hoʻokō ʻia kāna hana mimic i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi loa i ke kolu o ka hana, ma kona helehelena wale nō, me ka lohe ʻole ʻana i kahi huaʻōlelo, ma ka ʻike ʻana o kona mau helehelena, e ka convulsive. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o kona mau lima, ua maopopo ua pupule ʻo Miller pōʻino.

He ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki ma hope mai, hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu i kēia loiloi: "ʻO ke kuleana o Melnik kekahi o nā ʻano like ʻole ʻekolu i hana ʻia e Petrov i ʻekolu mau opera Lūkia, a ʻaʻole paha i hiki i kāna hana kiʻi kiʻi i nā palena kiʻekiʻe loa ma Melnik. Ma nā kūlana likeʻole o Melnik, kahi āna i hōʻike ai i ka manaʻo kuko, ka hoʻokauwā i ke Aliʻi, ka hauʻoli i kaʻikeʻana i ke kālā, ka manaʻolana, ka pupule, ua like ka nui o Petrov.

Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ka mea mele nui he haku kūʻokoʻa o ke keʻena leo leo. Ua haʻalele nā ​​Contemporaries iā mākou i nā hōʻike he nui o ka wehewehe ʻana o Petrov i nā ʻano aloha o Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Me nā mea hoʻokani mele mele, hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Osip Afanasyevich ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka leo leo Lūkini ma ke kahua opera a ma ke kahua ʻaha mele.

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka nani o ka mea pena kiʻi hope loa i ka makahiki 70, i ka wā i hana ai ʻo Petrov i kekahi mau mele leo a me ke kahua; Aia ma waena o lākou ʻo Leporello ("The Stone Guest"), ʻo Ivan the Terrible ("The Maid of Pskov"), Varlaam ("Boris Godunov") a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

A hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Petrov i ke kahua. Ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike a Mussorgsky, "ma kona moe make, ua kāpae ʻo ia i kāna mau kuleana."

Ua make ka mea mele ma Malaki 12, 1878.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Glinka M., Notes, “Russian antiquity”, 1870, vol. 1-2, MI Glinka. Moʻolelo hoʻoilina, vol. 1, M.-L., 1952; Stasov VV, OA Petrov, i loko o ka puke: Russian modern figures, vol. 2, St. Petersburg, 1877, p. 79-92, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kāna puke: Articles about music, vol. 2, M., 1976; Lvov M., O. Petrov, M.-L., 1946; Lastochkina E., Osip Petrov, M.-L., 1950; Gozenpud A., hale keaka mele ma Rusia. Mai ke kumu a hiki i Glinka. Essay, L., 1959; nona iho, ka Russian Opera Theatre o ka 1th century, (vol. 1836) – 1856-2, (vol. 1857) – 1872-3, (vol. 1873) – 1889-1969, L., 73-1; Livanova TN, ʻO ka ʻOpera hoʻohewa ma Rusia, vol. 1, aole. 2-2, vol. 3, ʻaʻole. 4-1966, M., 73-1 (Puka XNUMX me VV Protopopov).