Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobieva |
Anna Petrova-Vorobieva
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, he ʻumikumamākolu mau makahiki, ua mau ka hana a Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobyeva. Akā, ua lawa kēia mau makahiki e kākau i kona inoa ma ka mō'aukala o nā ki'i Lūkini ma nā leka gula.
“… He leo koʻikoʻi kona nani a me ka ikaika, he leo “velvet” a me ka laulā ākea (ʻelua a me ka hapa octaves, mai ka “F” liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka “B-flat” ka lua octave), he ʻano ʻano ikaika. , nona kahi ʻenehana leo virtuoso, "wahi a Pruzhansky. "Ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ua hoʻoikaika ka mea mele e hoʻokō i ka lokahi leo piha a me ke kahua."
Ua kākau kekahi o ka poʻe mele mele: "E puka mai ʻo ia i waho, i kēia manawa e ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea hana keaka maikaʻi a me kahi mele hoʻoikaika. I kēia manawa, ʻo kāna mau neʻe ʻana, kēlā me kēia pauku, kēlā me kēia pālākiō i hoʻopiha ʻia me ke ola, ka manaʻo, ka animation artistic. ʻO kāna leo kupua, kāna pāʻani hoʻohālike e noi like ana i loko o ka puʻuwai o kēlā me kēia mea aloha anu a me ke ahi.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Anna Yakovlevna Vorobieva ma Pepeluali 14, 1817 ma St. Ua puka 'o ia mai ke Kula Keaka St. Petersburg. Ua aʻo mua ʻo ia i ka papa ballet o Sh. Didlo, a ma ka papa himeni o A. Sapienza a me G. Lomakin. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Anna i ka hana leo ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a K. Kavos lāua ʻo M. Glinka.
I ka makahiki 1833, oiai he haumana ma ke kula keaka, ua hana mua o Anna ma ke kahua keaka me kahi hapa uuku o Pipo ma Rossini's The Thieving Magpie. Ua ʻike koke ʻo Connoisseurs i kāna mau leo leo koʻikoʻi: ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka ikaika a me ka nani, nā ʻenehana maikaʻi loa, ka hōʻike ʻana o ke mele. Ma hope mai, hoʻokani ka mea mele ʻōpio ʻo Ritta ("Tsampa, ka pōā kai, a i ʻole ka Marble Bride").
I kēlā manawa, ua aneane hāʻawi ʻia ke kahua imperial i ka opera Italia, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea mele ʻōpio ke hōʻike piha i kāna talena. ʻOiai ʻo kona kūleʻa, ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ke kulanui, ua koho ʻia ʻo Anna e ke alakaʻi o ka Imperial Theatres A. Gedeonov i ka papa mele o ka St. Petersburg Opera. I loko o kēia manawa, ua komo ʻo Vorobyeva i nā pāʻani, vaudeville, nā divertissement like ʻole, i hoʻokani ʻia i nā ʻaha mele me ka hana ʻana o nā arias Spanish a me nā romances. Mahalo wale nō i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o K. Cavos, ka mea i mahalo i ka leo a me ke kālena keaka o ka mea pena ʻōpio, ua loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e hana ai ma Ianuali 30, 1835 ma ke ʻano he Arzache, a ma hope iho ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he soloist o ka St. Petersburg Opera. .
Ma hope o kona lilo ʻana i mea hoʻokani solo, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Vorobieva e haku i ka repertoire "belkanto" - ka nui o nā opera na Rossini lāua ʻo Bellini. Akā, ua hiki mai kahi hanana i hoʻololi koke i kona hopena. ʻO Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka hana ma kāna opera mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i ʻelua ma waena o nā mea mele he nui o ka opera Lūkia me ka ʻike maopopo ʻole a me ka hohonu o ka mea pena, a koho iā lākou e hana i nā ʻāpana nui o ka opera e hiki mai ana. A ʻaʻole wale i koho ʻia, akā hoʻomaka pū nō hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau iā lākou no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi misionari kuleana.
"Ua pāʻani nā mea pena me aʻu me ka ikaika maoli," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo ia ma hope. "ʻO Petrova (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Vorobyova), he mea pena akamai ʻole, noi mau iaʻu e hīmeni iā ia i kēlā me kēia mele hou nona ʻelua mau manawa, ʻo ke kolu o ka manawa ua hīmeni maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā mele a ʻike ʻia ma ka puʻuwai ... "
Ua ulu ka makemake o ka mea mele i ke mele a Glinka. Me he mea lā, ua māʻona ka mea kākau i kona holomua. Eia naʻe, i ka pau ʻana o ke kauwela o 1836, ua kākau mua ʻo ia i ʻekolu me kahi papa himeni, "ʻAʻole noʻu, ka poʻe ʻilihune, ka makani ʻino," ma kāna mau ʻōlelo ponoʻī, "e noʻonoʻo ana i ke ʻano a me ke talena o Ms. Vorobyeva.”
Ma ka lā 8 oʻApelila, 1836, ua hana ka mea mele ma keʻano he kauā ma ka pāʻani "Moldavian Gypsy, or Gold and Dagger" na K. Bakhturin, kahi i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kolu o ke kiʻi i hanaʻo ia i kahi aria me kahi mele wahine i kākauʻia e Glinka.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻomaka ka mua o ka opera mua a Glinka, ka mōʻaukala no nā mele Lūkini. Ua kākau nui ʻo VV Stasov ma hope:
Ma ka lā 27 o Nowemapa, 1836, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka opera a Glinka "Susanin" no ka manawa mua…
ʻO nā hana a Susanin he pūʻulu hoʻolauleʻa no Glinka, akā no nā mea hoʻokani nui ʻelua: Osip Afanasyevich Petrov, nāna i hoʻokani i ke ʻano o Susanin, a me Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva, nāna i hoʻokani i ke kuleana o Vanya. He kaikamahine ʻōpio loa kēia hope, hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ma waho o ke kula hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o Susanin i hoʻopaʻi ʻia e kolo i loko o ka papa mele, ʻoiai kona leo kupaianaha a me kona hiki. Mai nā hana mua loa o ka opera hou, ua piʻi kēia mau mea pena kiʻekiʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana noʻeau, ʻaʻole i hiki i kekahi o kā mākou mau mea hana keaka. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i ka leo o Petrov kona hoʻomohala ʻana a lilo i mea nani, "bass ikaika" e pili ana iā Glinka i kāna mau memo. ʻO ka leo o Vorobieva kekahi o nā contraltos kupaianaha loa ma ʻEulopa a pau: ka leo, ka nani, ka ikaika, ka palupalu - nā mea a pau i loko o ia mea i kāhāhā ka mea hoʻolohe a hana iā ia me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Akā, ua haʻalele loa nā hiʻohiʻona noʻeau o nā mea pena kiʻi ʻelua i ka maikaʻi o kā lāua leo.
ʻO Dramatic, hohonu, ʻoiaʻiʻo ka manaʻo, hiki ke hōʻea i nā ala kupaianaha, ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokomo koke iā Petrov lāua ʻo Vorobyova i kahi mua ma waena o kā mākou mau mea hoʻokani a hoʻolauna i ka lehulehu Lūkini i ka lehulehu i nā hana o "Ivan Susanin". Ua mahalo koke ʻo Glinka iā ia iho i ka hanohano a pau o kēia mau mea hana ʻelua a me ke aloha i kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. He mea maʻalahi ke noʻonoʻo i ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe ʻana i mua o nā mea akamai a me nā mea akamai i ke ʻano, i ka wā i lilo koke ai kahi haku mele akamai i alakaʻi, kākāʻōlelo a kumu.
Ma hope koke iho o kēia hana, i ka makahiki 1837, ua liloʻo Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva i wahine a Petrov. Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Glinka i nā male hou i ka makana makamae loa. Eia ke ʻano o ka haʻi ʻana o ka mea pena ma kāna mau memo.
"I Kepakemapa, ua hopohopo nui ʻo Osip Afanasyevich e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka mea e hāʻawi aku iā ia ma ke ʻano he pōmaikaʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ʻOkakopa 18th. I ke kauwela, i ka wā o ka male ʻana, poina loa ʻo ia i kēia lā. I kēlā mau lā ... pono e mālama kēlā me kēia mea pena i ka haku mele ʻana iā ia iho, akā inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i loaʻa i kahi mea hou, akā ʻaʻole makemake e hāʻawi i ka mea kahiko, a laila ua pilikia ʻo ia e nalowale loa i ka hana pono (ʻo ia kaʻu. ʻike mua iaʻu iho), ʻo ia nā lula. ʻAʻole mamao loa ka lā 18 ʻOkakopa, pono mākou e hoʻoholo i kekahi mea. Ma ka unuhi ʻana ma kēia ʻano, ua hiki mākou i ka hopena: e ʻae ʻo Glinka e hoʻohui i kahi kiʻi hou no Vanya i kāna opera. Ma ke kānāwai 3, hoʻouna ʻo Susanin iā Vanya i ka hale aliʻi, no laila hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia pehea e holo ai ʻo Vanya ma laila?
Ua hele koke kaʻu kāne iā Nestor Vasilyevich Kukolnik e haʻi e pili ana i ko mākou manaʻo. Ua hoʻolohe maikaʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "E hele mai, e ke kaikaina, i ke ahiahi, e noho pū ʻo Misha me aʻu i kēia lā, a e kamaʻilio kāua." I ka hola 8 o ke ahiahi, hele ʻo Osip Afanasyevich i laila. Komo ʻo ia, ʻike ʻo ia e noho ana ʻo Glinka ma ka piano a me ka haʻalulu ʻana i kekahi mea, a ʻo ka Puppeteer ke holo a puni ka lumi me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kekahi mea. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ua hana mua ka Puppeteer i kahi hoʻolālā no kahi hiʻohiʻona hou, ua kokoke mākaukau nā huaʻōlelo, a ke pāʻani nei ʻo Glinka i kahi manaʻo. Ua hopu lāua ʻelua i kēia manaʻo me ka hauʻoli a paipai iā Osip Afanasyevich e mākaukau ke kahua ma ka lā 18 ʻOkakopa.
I kekahi lā aʻe, i ka hola 9 am, lohe ʻia kahi leo ikaika; ʻAʻole wau i ala aʻe, a, manaʻo wau, ʻo wai ka mea i hiki koke mai? Kikeke koke mai la kekahi ma ka puka o ko'u rumi, a lohe au i ka leo o Glinka:
- E ka wahine, e ala koke, ua lawe mai au i aria hou!
I loko o ʻumi mau minuke ua mākaukau au. Hele wau i waho, a ke noho nei ʻo Glinka ma ka piano a hōʻike iā Osip Afanasyevich i kahi hiʻohiʻona hou. Hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i koʻu haʻohaʻo i koʻu lohe ʻana iā ia a ua manaʻoʻiʻo ua aneane mākaukau loa ke kahua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā recitatives āpau, andante a me allegro. Ua hau wale au. I ka manawa hea kona manawa e kākau ai? I nehinei ua kamaʻilio mākou nona! "ʻAe, e Mikhail Ivanovich," wahi aʻu, "he kilokilo wale nō ʻoe." A minoʻaka wale ʻo ia a ʻōlelo mai iaʻu:
- ʻO wau, e ka haku wahine, ua lawe mai au iā ʻoe i kahi kikoʻī, i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo ma ka leo a inā paha ua kākau ʻia.
Ua hīmeni au a loaʻa iaʻu me ke akamai a me ka leo. Ma hope o kēlā, haʻalele ʻo ia, akā ua hoʻohiki ʻo ia e hoʻouna koke i kahi aria, a e hoʻonohonoho i ke kahua ma ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa. Ma ʻOkakopa 18, ʻo Osip Afanasyevich ka pōmaikaʻi hana ʻo ia ka opera A Life for the Tsar me kahi hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe, he lanakila nui; nui ka poe i kapaia ka mea kakau a me ka mea hana. Mai ia manawa, ua lilo kēia hiʻohiʻona hou i ʻāpana o ka opera, a ma kēia ʻano hana ia a hiki i kēia lā.
Ua hala kekahi mau makahiki, a ua hiki i ka mea mele mahalo ke hoʻomaikaʻi pono i kāna mea kōkua. Ua hana ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1842, i kēlā mau lā Nowemapa, i ka wā i hoʻokani mua ʻia ai ka opera Ruslan lāua ʻo Lyudmila ma St. Ma ka hoʻomaka mua a ma ka lua o ka hana, ma muli o ka maʻi o Anna Yakovlevna, ua hana ʻia ka hapa o Ratmir e ka mea mele ʻōpio a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻo Petrova, kona inoa. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia me ka makaʻu ʻole, a ma nā ʻano he nui no kēia kumu i hoʻokipa ʻia ai ka opera. "Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Petrova mua ma ke kolu o ka hana," i kākau ai ʻo Glinka i kāna mau memo, "ua hana ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke kolu o ka hana me ka hoihoi nui a hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka lehulehu. Ua kani ka leo nui a me ka lōʻihi, e kāhea mua iaʻu, a laila Petrova. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia mau kelepona no 17 mau hana ... "Hoʻohui mākou, e like me nā nūpepa o ia manawa, ua koi ʻia ka mea mele e hoʻopili i ka aria ʻo Ratmir ʻekolu manawa.
Ua kākau ʻo VV Stasov:
“ʻO kāna mau hana nui, i ka wā o kāna ʻoihana he 10 mau makahiki, mai 1835 a i 1845, aia i loko o kēia mau keaka: Ivan Susanin, Ruslan a me Lyudmila - Glinka; "Semiramide", "Tancred", "Count Ori", "The Thieving Magpie" - Rossini; "Montagues a me Capulets", "Norma" - Bellini; "Ka Hoʻopilikia iā Calais" - Donizetti; "Teobaldo a me Isolina" - Morlacchi; “Tsampa” – Herold. I ka makahiki 1840, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia me ka Italian Pasta kaulana a me ka nani o "Montagues and Capuleti" a alakaʻi i ka lehulehu i ka leʻaleʻa hiki ʻole ke haʻi ʻia me kāna hana hoʻohiwahiwa a me ke aloha o ka ʻāpana o Romeo. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hīmeni ʻo ia me ka maikaʻi like a me ka hoihoi i ka ʻāpana o Teobaldo ma Morlacchi's Teobaldo e Isolina, i loko o kāna libretto ua like loa me Montagues a me Capulets. No ka mea mua o kēia mau keaka ʻelua, ua kākau ʻo Kukolnik ma Khudozhestvennaya Gazeta: "E haʻi mai iaʻu, na wai i lawe ʻo Teobaldo i ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pāʻani? ʻO nā mea hiki wale nō o ka māhele kiʻekiʻe ke ʻae ʻia e koho i ka palena o ka nani me kahi hōʻike hoʻouluulu hoʻokahi, a, e hoʻopio ana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, lawe ʻia lākou iho, hoʻomau a hiki i ka hopena i ka ulu ʻana o nā kuko, a me ka ikaika o ka leo, a me ka liʻiliʻi loa. malu o ke kuleana.
ʻO ke mele ʻOpera ka ʻenemi o ke kuʻuna. ʻAʻohe mea pena kiʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻohenehene ʻia i ka opera. ʻO Ms. Petrova ma kēia ʻano ke kū nei me ke kāhāhā. ʻAʻole wale ia he ʻakaʻaka, akā, ʻo nā mea a pau i loko ona he kiʻi, ikaika, hōʻike, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo! ..
Akā, me ke kanalua ʻole, ʻo nā kuleana a pau o kahi kāne akamai akamai, ʻo ka mea koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka kala mōʻaukala, i ka hohonu o ka manaʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kā lākou mau kuleana i loko o ka lāhui nui ʻelua o Glinka. opera. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa i nā hoʻokūkū a hiki i kēia manawa.
ʻO nā mea a pau a Vorobyeva i mele ai i loko ona he haku papa mua. Ua hana ka mea pena i nā ʻāpana Italia virtuoso ma ke ʻano i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mele kaulana - Alboni lāua ʻo Polina Viardo-Garcia. I ka makahiki 1840, himeni pū ʻo ia me J. Pasta, ʻaʻole naʻe i pio i ke akamai i ka hīmeni kaulana.
ʻO kaʻoihana akamai o ka mea mele i lilo i pōkole. Ma muli o ka nui o ka leo, a ua koi ka luna keaka i ka mea mele e hoʻokani ma nā ʻāpana kāne, ua nalowale kona leo. Ua hana kēia ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻāpana baritone o Richard ("The Puritans"). No laila, i ka makahiki 1846, ua ha'alele 'o ia i ke kahua, 'oiai ua helu 'ia 'o Vorobyova-Petrova ma ka hui opera o ka hale keaka a hiki i ka makahiki 1850.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana ma nā salons a me ka pōʻai home, e hauʻoli mau ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me kāna mele. Ua kaulana ʻo Petrova-Vorobyeva no kāna hana ʻana i nā romances e Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ke kaikuahine o Glinka ʻo LI Shestakova, i kona lohe mua ʻana i ka Mussorgsky's The Orphan, i hoʻokani ʻia e Petrova, "i ka mua ua kāhāhā ʻo ia, a laila hū aʻe i ka waimaka i hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻomaha no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka mele ʻana a Anna Yakovlevna, a i ʻole i hōʻike ʻia; pono ke lohe i ka mea a ke kanaka akamai e hana ai, ina paha ua pau loa kona leo, a ua hala na makahiki.
Eia kekahi, ua komo ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana ola i ka holomua hana o kāna kāne. Ua aie nui ʻo Petrov i kāna ʻono maikaʻi ʻole, ka ʻike maʻalahi o ke kiʻi.
Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Mussorgsky i ke mele a ka mea mele Marfa "A Baby Came Out" mai ka opera "Khovanshchina" (1873) a me "Lullaby" (No. 1) mai ka pōʻai "Songs and Dances of Death" (1875). Ua mahalo nuiʻia kaʻoihana o ka mea mele e A. Verstovsky, T. Shevchenko. ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo Karl Bryullov, i ka makahiki 1840, i ka lohe ʻana i ka leo o ka mea mele, ua hauʻoli a, e like me kāna haʻi ʻana, "ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i ka waimaka ...".
Ua make ka mea mele ma ʻApelila 26, 1901.
"He aha kā Petrova i hana ai, pehea lā ʻo ia i hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi a me ke aloha i loko o kā mākou honua mele, ka mea i ʻike i nā mele mele maikaʻi a me nā mea pena kiʻi i hāʻawi i kahi manawa lōʻihi i ka hana ma mua o Vorobyova i hala? i kakau i ka Nupepa Mele o Rusia ia mau la. – A eia ka mea: A.Ya. ʻO Vorobyova me kāna kāne, ʻo ka mea hoʻokani pila hanohano ʻo OA Petrov, ʻo ia nā mea hoʻokani mua a maikaʻi loa o nā ʻāpana nui ʻelua o ka Glinka's Russian national opera Life for the Tsar – Vanya lāua ʻo Susanin; A ʻo I. Petrova i ka manawa like ka lua a me kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani akamai loa o ke kuleana o Ratmir ma Glinka's Ruslan a me Lyudmila.
