Portamento, glissando, paheʻe

ʻO ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka paheʻe ʻana ma ka pālākiō diatonic (no ka piano) a i ʻole ma ke ʻano chromatic scale (no nā mea kani) ua kapa ʻia ʻo portamento, glissando a i ʻole slide. Hoʻopiha kēia ʻenehana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā memo ʻelua o nā pitch like ʻole. Hiki ke piʻi i luna a i lalo paha.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "glissando" e nā mea kani. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "portamento" e nā leo leo.

Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka portamento a me glissando e kahi laina wavy e hoʻopili ana i ʻelua memo:

Portamento, glissando

Kii 1. Portamento, glissando

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Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo e pili ana i kahi glissando i hoʻokani ʻia ma ke kīkā. Hōʻike ʻia e kahi laina pololei e pili ana i nā memo. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma nā kaula he nui i ka manawa like:

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Kiʻi 2. Notation paheʻe

Ma waho aʻe o kekahi mau memo ma ka hoʻomaka a me ka hopena o ka paheʻe, hiki ke haʻalele i nā memo mua a i ʻole nā ​​mea hope. I kēia hihia, mau ka laina pololei, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka memo kiʻekiʻe (a i ʻole chord).

Portamento

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻenehana i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, pili ka huaʻōlelo "portamento" i ka hohonu non legato. ʻO ia kahi hana like ʻole o nā leo a i ʻole nā ​​mele (he keʻa ma waena o legato a me staccato). Aia ka inoa o kēia ʻenehana i nā inoa o nā legato a me staccato:

Portamento

Kiʻi 3. Palapala hōʻike Portamento

ʻO Glissando (Italian glissando, mai French glisser - to slide) he hana kūikawā o ka pāʻani ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana i kahi manamana lima ma nā kaula a i ʻole nā ​​kī o ke mele. mea paahana. ʻAʻole like me ka portamento, kahi mea e hōʻike ai. ʻO ka hana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka mea haku mele ma ka notation mele a i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo G., ʻoiaʻiʻo ua paʻa ʻo G. i ka notation sweaty, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana o ka kikokikona mele. Ma fp. Loaʻa ka pāʻani a G. ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka nail phalanx o ka manamana nui a i ʻole ka manamana lima ʻekolu (maʻamau ma ka lima ʻākau) ma nā kī keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. I ka hana ʻana no nā mea kani kīpē ʻike mua ʻia ʻo G. ma Farani. haku mele ʻo JB Moreau i kāna ʻohi. "ʻO ka puke mua o nā ʻāpana no ka harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 1722). ʻenehana kūikawā. hōʻike ʻia nā pilikia e ka hoʻokō ma ka fp. G. kaʻina o nā memo pālua (ʻekolu,

Hoʻokani maʻalahi ʻia ʻo G. ma ka piano. nā hoʻolālā kahiko me kā lākou ʻoi aku ka pliable, i kapa ʻia. Mechanics Viennese. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i hoʻohana mua ʻia ai ʻo G. e like me ke ono o WA Mozart (nā ʻano like ʻole o "Lison dormant"). Loaʻa nā unahi Octave ma L. Beethoven (concert in C major, sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concert piece", op. 79), G. ma nā hapakolu a me nā hapahā - ma M. Ravel ("Mirrors") a me nā mea ʻē aʻe

Inā ma nā mea kani kīpē me ko lākou ʻōnaehana huhū, me ke kōkua o G., ua unuhi ʻia kahi unahi me kahi pitch, a laila ma nā mea kani kūlou, nona ka ʻōnaehana manuahi, ma o G., unuhi ʻia ka chromatic. ke kaʻina o nā leo, me ka pūʻulu, ʻaʻole pono ka hana pololei o nā semitones (ʻaʻole pono e hui pū ʻia ka ʻenehana ʻimi me G. ma nā mea kani - ka hana ʻana o kahi unahi chromatic ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka manamana lima). No laila, ʻo ka waiwai o g. ke hookani i na mea kani kulou Ch. arr. i ka hopena kala. ʻO ka hana a G. i kekahi mau paukū ma nā mea kani, koe wale nō ka chromatic. scale, hiki ke pāʻani wale me ka harmonics. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona mua loa o G. ma nā mea kani kūlou ma ka ʻōlelo Italia. haku mele ʻo K. Farina (ma "An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, no skr. solo), e hoʻohana ana iā G. ma ke ʻano he kūlohelohe. ka loaa ana o ke kani. I loko o ka Classic G. ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole loaʻa i ke mele no nā mea kani (he hihia kakaʻikahi o G. piʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina chromatic e nā octaves i ke code o ka hapa 1 o ka concerto no A. Dvorak). Ma ke ʻano o ka pāʻani virtuoso maikaʻi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka guerilla i nā hana i kākau ʻia e nā violinists Romantic a me nā cellists. nā kuhikuhi (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, a me nā mea'ē aʻe). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo G. ma ke ʻano he kala kala i ke mele. palapala no ke kenekulia 20 no na mea kani a me ke kala kala. ka hookipa ana ma ka orchestration (SS Prokofiev – Scherzo mai ka 1st concerto no ka violin; K. Shimanovsky – concertos a me na apana no ka violin; M. Ravel – Rhapsody “Gypsy” no ka violin; Z. Kodai – G. chords in sonata no ka mea hookahi, G. nā violins a me nā pahu pālua ma "Spanish Rhapsody" na Ravel). ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa o G. vlch. aia ma ka hapa 2 o ka sonata no VC. a me fp. DD Shostakovich. ʻO kahi ʻenehana kūikawā ʻo G. flageolets, no ka laʻana. cellos na NA Rimsky-Korsakov (“The Night Before Christmas”), VV Shcherbachev (2nd symphony), Ravel (“Daphnis and Chloe”), violas and volch. MO Steinberg ("Metamorphoses") a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO G. kahi ʻenehana ākea i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka harp pedal, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi noi kūikawā loa (i nā hana a nā haku mele o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Italia sdrucciolando). Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Apfic G. ma luna o nā leo o nā leo ʻehiku (me nā mea i hoʻemi ʻia; emi pinepine ma nā leo o nā leo ʻole). I ka hookani ana o G., na kaula a pau o ka lira, me ke kokua ana i ka hooponopono hou ana i ka otd. nā kani, hāʻawi i ke kani o kēlā mau memo i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi chord i hāʻawi ʻia. Me ka neʻe ʻana i lalo, hana ʻia ka G. ma ka lira me kahi manamana lima mua iki, me ka neʻe ʻana i luna - me ka lua (hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lima i ka neʻe ʻana o nā lima i ka hoʻohuli ʻana, diverging a me ke keʻa ʻana o nā lima). Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo G. i kekahi manawa ma nā kaʻina like-gamma.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo G. i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā ʻuhane keleawe. nā mea kani - ma ka trombone me ke kōkua o ka neʻe ʻana i hope (no ka laʻana, ka trombone solo ma "Pulcinella" na IF Stravinsky), ka pū, ma nā mea kani (no ka laʻana, G. pedal timpani ma "Music no nā mea kani, percussion and celesta” B . Bartok).

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo G. i ka folk instr. kau ʻia. (Kaila Verbunkosh), rum. a me ka poni. mele, me ka jazz. Ma ka palapala mele a G., ʻo nā leo mua a me nā leo hope wale nō o ka pauku e ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia, hoʻololi ʻia nā leo waena e kahi kaha kaha a i ʻole ka laina nalu.