Erich Kleiber |

Eric Kleiber

"ʻO ka ʻoihana o Erich Kleiber ʻaʻole mamao loa mai luna, ʻaʻole maopopo kona mau manaʻo, a inā paha e hiki i kēia kanaka haunaele i kona hoʻomohala ʻole ʻana i ka hopena, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia," i kākau ai ka mea hoʻohewa Kelemania ʻo Adolf Weismann i ka makahiki 1825. ʻO ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka mea pena, a i kēia manawa ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he "luna hoʻokele mele" o ka Berlin State Opera. A ʻo ka mea pono, aia ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōlelo hoʻohewa i loko o ka piʻoloke i ka nānā ʻana i ke ala pōkole akā mama o Kleiber. Ua hauʻoli wau i ka wiwo ʻole o ka mea pena, kona kūpaʻa a me kona kūpaʻa i ka lanakila ʻana i nā pilikia, i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i nā hana hou.

He kamaaina no Vienna, ua puka ʻo Kleiber mai ka Conservatory Prague a ua hoʻolimalima ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi ma ka hale opera kūloko. Eia ka ʻōlelo a kāna hoa ʻōpio ʻo Georg Sebastian e pili ana i ka hana kūʻokoʻa mua o ka mea pena: "I kekahi manawa ua hoʻololi ʻo Erich Kleiber (i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole i iwakālua makahiki) i kahi alakaʻi maʻi maʻi o Prague Opera ma Wagner's The Flying Dutchman. I kona hōʻea ʻana i ka waena o ka helu, ʻike ʻia he ʻumikūmālima ʻaoʻao i hoʻopili paʻa ʻia. Ua makemake kekahi o ka poʻe huāhuā (ke ʻano keaka me lākou) e pāʻani i kahi ʻakaʻaka ʻino me kahi kanaka ʻōpio akamai. Ua kuhi hewa nae ka lili. ʻAʻole i holo ka ʻakaʻaka. Ua hoʻolei ke alakaʻi ʻōpio i ka helu ma ka papahele me ka huhū a hana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa me ka puʻuwai. ʻO kēlā ahiahi poina ʻole i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻoihana maikaʻi o Erich Kleiber, ka mea i haʻaheo i kona wahi ma ʻEulopa ma hope o Otto Klemperer lāua ʻo Bruno Walter. Ma hope o kēia hanana, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka "track record" a Kleiber mai 1912 me ka hana ma nā hale opera o Darmstadt, Elberfeld, Düsseldorf, Mannheim, a, i ka hopena, i ka makahiki 1923 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana ma Berlin. ʻO ka manawa i noho ai ʻo ia ma ke poʻo o ka State Opera he wā nani maoli i kona ola. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Kleiber, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka ramp ma ʻaneʻi, ua nui nā keaka ʻoniʻoni koʻikoʻi o kēia wā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Wozzeck na A. Berg a me Christopher Columbus na D. Milhaud. . Akā me kēia, hāʻawi pū ʻo Klaiber i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā keaka kahiko, ʻo Beethoven, Mozart, Verdi, Rossini, R. Strauss a me nā hana maʻamau a Weber, Schubert, Wagner ("Forbidden Love"), Lorzing ("The Poacher"). A ʻo ka poʻe i lohe i nā operettas a Johann Strauss ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, mālama mau lākou i kahi manaʻo poina ʻole o kēia mau hana, piha i ka hou a me ka hanohano.

ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ka hana ma Berlin, ua lanakila koke ʻo Kleiber i kēlā manawa i ka kaulana honua, ka mākaʻikaʻi ma nā kikowaena nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. I ka makahiki 1927, hele mua'o ia i ka USSR a lanakila koke i ke aloha o ka po'e ho'olohe Soviet. Hana ʻia nā hana a Haydn, Schumann, Weber, Respighi ma nā papahana a Kleiber, alakaʻi ʻo ia iā Carmen i ka hale keaka. ʻO kekahi o nā'ahamele i hoʻolaʻa pihaʻia e ka mea pena i nā mele Lūkini - nā hana a Tchaikovsky, Scriabin, Stravinsky. "Ua ʻike ʻia," i kākau ai ka mea hoʻohewa, "ʻo Kleiber, ma waho aʻe o kona lilo ʻana i mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa me nā mākau orkestra maikaʻi loa, aia kēlā hiʻohiʻona i nele i ka nui o nā mea kaulana: ka hiki ke komo i ka ʻuhane o kahi moʻomeheu leo ​​haole. Mahalo i kēia mākaukau, ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻo Kleiber i nā helu āna i koho ai, ua ʻike ʻo ia iā lākou a hiki i ke ʻano me he mea lā ke alo nei mākou i kekahi alakaʻi alakaʻi Lūkini koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua.

Ma hope mai, hana pinepine ʻo Klaiber i ko mākou ʻāina me nā papahana like ʻole a hauʻoli mau i ka kūleʻa kūpono. ʻO ka manawa hope loa i mākaʻikaʻi ai i ka USSR ma 1936, ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana iā Nazi Kelemānia. Ma hope koke iho, noho ka mea pena i ʻAmelika Hema no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ke kikowaena o kāna hana ʻo Buenos Aires, kahi i noho ai ʻo Klaiber i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ke ola mele e like me Berlin, alakaʻi mau i nā hana ma ka Colon Theatre a me nā ʻaha mele he nui. Mai 1943, ua hana pū ʻo ia ma ke kapikala ʻo Cuba - Havana. A i ka makahiki 1948 ua hoʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila i ʻEulopa. Ua hakakā maoli nā kūlanakauhale nui e kiʻi iā Klaiber i alakaʻi mau. Akā a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, ua noho ʻo ia i mea hoʻokani malihini, e hoʻokani ana ma nā ʻāina āpau, e komo ana i nā ʻaha mele koʻikoʻi āpau - mai Edinburgh a i Prague. Ua hāʻawi pinepine ʻo Kleiber i nā ʻahamele ma ka Lepupalika Demokratika Kelemania, ma mua koke o kona make ʻana ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā hana ma kāna hale keaka punahele - ka German State Opera ma Berlin, a me Dresden.

Ua hopu ʻia ke kiʻi māmā a me ke ola o Erich Kleiber ma nā moʻolelo gramophone he nui; Ma waena o nā hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ia, ʻo ia nā opera The Free Gunner, The Cavalier of the Roses a me kekahi mau hana symphonic nui. Wahi a lākou, hiki i ka mea hoʻolohe ke mahalo i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kālena o ka mea pena - kona ʻike hohonu i ke ʻano o ka hana, kona ʻano o ke ʻano, ka hoʻopau maikaʻi loa o nā kikoʻī, ka pololei o kāna mau manaʻo a me kona hiki ke hoʻokō i kā lākou hoʻokō.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek