Carlos Kleiber |

Carlos Kleiber

ʻO Kleiber kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila hoʻohiwahiwa a hoihoi loa i ko mākou manawa. He liʻiliʻi kāna repertoire a kaupalena ʻia i kekahi mau poʻo inoa. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hele ma hope o ka console, ʻaʻohe pilina me ka lehulehu, nā mea hoʻohewa a me nā mea nūpepa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana he haʻawina hoʻokahi o ke ʻano i ka pololei o ka hana noʻeau a me ka ʻenehana alakaʻi. Aia kona inoa i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano o nā moʻolelo.

I ka makahiki 1995, ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻo Carlos Kleiber i kona lā hānau he kanaonokūmālima me ka hana a Richard Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kāna wehewehe ʻana. Ua kākau ka mea paʻi o ke kapikala Austrian: "ʻAʻohe mea o ka honua i huki nui i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi, nā luna, nā mea hoʻokani pila a me ka lehulehu e like me Carlos Kleiber, a ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻāʻo e haʻalele i kēia mau mea e like me kāna i hana ai. ʻAʻohe o nā alakaʻi o ia papa kiʻekiʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i kahi repertoire liʻiliʻi, i aʻo ʻia a hana ʻia i ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā uku kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike liʻiliʻi mākou iā Carlos Kleiber. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā mākou ʻike ʻo Kleiber, aia ma waho o nā manawa o ka ʻike ʻia i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā hale ʻaha mele. ʻO kona makemake e noho i kahi pōʻai kūʻokoʻa a hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi ʻano like ʻole i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma waena o kona ʻano, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻike kupaianaha i ka helu, e komo i kāna mau mea huna i loko a haʻi iā lākou i kahi anaina e aloha iā ia i ka pupule, a me ka pono e pale i ka liʻiliʻi. e launa pū me ia akā ʻo ka lehulehu, ka poʻe hoʻohewa, ka poʻe nūpepa, he hōʻole kūpaʻa e uku i ke kumukūʻai a nā mea pena a pau e uku no ka kūleʻa a i ʻole no ka kaulana honua.

ʻAʻole pili kāna ʻano me ka hoʻomake a me ka helu ʻana. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike hohonu iā ia e ʻōlelo i kahi coquetry nani a kokoke diabolical. Eia naʻe, ʻo ia ka ʻuhane o ka haʻaheo a me ka hilahila ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ke poʻo o kēia makemake e pale i ke ola o loko.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o Klaiber i nā manawa he nui o kona ola. Akā, ua hōʻike ikaika loa ia i ka pilina me Herbert von Karajan. Ua mahalo nui ʻo Kleiber iā Karajan a i kēia manawa, aia ʻo ia ma Salzburg, ʻaʻole poina iā ia e kipa aku i ka hale kupapaʻu kahi i kanu ʻia ai ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui. He mea ʻē a lōʻihi ka moʻolelo o ko lāua pilina. Malia paha e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i kona ʻano noʻonoʻo.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻo Kleiber i ka ʻino a me ka hilahila. I ka wā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana ʻo Karajan, ua hele mai ʻo Kleiber i ka Festspielhaus ma Salzburg a kū i ka palaualelo no nā hola ma ke alahele e hiki ai i ka lumi ʻaʻahu o Karajan. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kona makemake e komo i ke keʻena kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai ke alakaʻi nui. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokuʻu. Noho ʻo ia ma ke alo o ka puka a kali. No ka hilahila, ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia e ʻaʻa e komo i loko o ke keʻena inā ʻaʻole i kono mai kekahi iā ia e hele i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa, me ka ʻike pono i ka mahalo o Karajan iā ia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, mahalo nui ʻo Karajan iā Klaiber no kāna talena ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. Ke kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi a ma hope paha ua ʻae ʻo ia iā ia iho i kekahi mau ʻōlelo e ʻakaʻaka ai ka poʻe i hele mai. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻōlelo i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo e pili ana iā Kleiber me ka mahalo ʻole.

I ka piliʻana o ko lāua pilina, ua hanaʻo Karajan i nā mea a pau e kiʻi iā Klaiber i ka Salzburg Festival, akā ua pale mauʻo ia. I kekahi manawa, me he mea lā ua kokoke e hoʻokō ʻia kēia manaʻo. Na Kleiber e alakaʻi i ka "Magic Shooter", nāna i lanakila nui iā ia ma nā poʻo nui o ʻEulopa. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia me Karajan i nā leka. Ua kākau ʻo Kleiber: "ʻOliʻoli wau e hele mai i Salzburg, akā ʻo koʻu kūlana nui kēia: pono ʻoe e hāʻawi mai iaʻu i kou wahi ma kahi kaʻa kaʻa kūikawā o ka ʻahaʻaina." Pane akula ʻo Karayan iā ia: “Ua ʻae wau i nā mea āpau. E hauʻoli wau i ka hele wāwae wale nō e ʻike iā ʻoe ma Salzburg, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, nou koʻu wahi i ka hale kaʻa.

No nā makahiki, pāʻani lākou i kēia pāʻani pāʻani, kahi i hōʻike ai i ke aloha like a lawe i kona ʻuhane i loko o nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke komo ʻana o Kleiber i ka Salzburg Festival. He mea nui ia no nā mea ʻelua, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia.

Ua'ōleloʻiaʻo ka huina o ka uku ka mea hewa,ʻo ia ka meaʻoiaʻiʻoʻole, no ka mea, e uku mau anaʻo Salzburg i kekahi kālā no ka loaʻaʻana o nā mea pena i kaʻahaʻaina i mahaloʻia e Karajan. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Karajan ma kona kūlanakauhale i hana i ka kānalua a me ka hilahila iā Klaiber i ka wā e ola ana ka maestro. I ka hala ʻana o ka alakaʻi alakaʻi nui i Iulai 1989, ua hoʻopau ʻo Kleiber i ka hopohopo e pili ana i kēia pilikia, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hele ma mua o kāna pōʻai maʻamau a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma Salzburg.

I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau kūlana āpau, maʻalahi ke noʻonoʻo ʻo Carlos Klaiber ka mea i loaʻa i kahi neurosis kahi hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho. He nui ka poʻe i ho'āʻo e hōʻike i kēia ma muli o ka pilina me kona makuakāne, ʻo Erich Kleiber kaulana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka hapa mua o ko mākou kenekulia a nāna i hana nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana iā Carlos.

Ua kākau ʻia kekahi mea - liʻiliʻi loa - e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi mua ʻana o ka makuakāne i ke kālena a kāna keiki. Akā,ʻo wai, koeʻo Carlos Kleiber pono'ī (ka mea i weheʻole i kona waha), hiki iā ia ke haʻi i kaʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka mea e hana nei i loko o kaʻuhane o ke kanaka'ōpio? ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke komo i loko o ka manaʻo maoli o kekahi mau ʻōlelo, kekahi mau ʻōlelo hoʻohewa maikaʻi ʻole a ka makua kāne no kāna keiki?

ʻO Carlos pono'ī i'ōlelo mau i kona makuakāne me ke aloha nui. I ka pau ʻana o ke ola ʻana o Erich, i ka wā i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai kona mau maka, hoʻokani ʻo Carlos iā ia i nā hoʻonohonoho piano o nā helu. Ua paʻa mau ka mana ma luna ona. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Carlos me ka hauʻoli e pili ana i kahi hanana i hana ʻia ma Vienna Opera i kona alakaʻi ʻana i ka Rosenkavalier ma laila. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi leka mai kahi mākaʻikaʻi nāna i kākau: "E Erich aloha, ʻoliʻoli wau i ke kumu ke alakaʻi nei ʻoe i ka Staatsoper he kanalima makahiki ma hope. Hauʻoli wau i ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole ʻoe i loli iki a ma kāu wehewehe ʻana ke ola nei ka naʻauao like aʻu i mahalo ai i nā lā o ko kākou ʻōpio.

I loko o ke ʻano mele o Carlos Kleiber e noho pū ana me kahi ʻuhane Kelemania ʻoiaʻiʻo, maikaʻi loa, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka hoʻomaha ʻole, he mea ʻōpio loa e pili ana iā ia a i ka wā e alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i ka The Bat, e hoʻomanaʻo iā Felix Krul, ke koa o ʻO Thomas Mann, me kāna mau pāʻani a me kāna mau ʻakaʻaka piha i ka manaʻo hoʻomaha.

I ka manawa i loaʻa ai i loko o kekahi hale keaka he pepa no "Woman Without a Shadow" na Richard Strauss, a ua hōʻole ke alakaʻi i ka manawa hope. Aia ʻo Kleiber ma kahi kokoke, a ʻōlelo ke alakaʻi: "Maestro, pono mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻopakele i kā mākou "Woman Without a Shadow". "E noʻonoʻo wale," i pane aku ai ʻo Klaiber, "ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi huaʻōlelo o ka libretto. E noʻonoʻo i ke mele! E hoʻokaʻaʻike i kaʻu mau hoa hana, he poʻe loea lākou, a he kamaʻāina wale nō wau.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia kanaka, ka mea i huli i ka makahiki 1997 i Iulai 67, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani mele kaulana loa o ko mākou manawa. I kona mau makahiki ʻōpio, ua hana nui ʻo ia, ʻaʻole poina, akā naʻe, i nā koi noʻeau. Akā, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka manawa o ka "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" ma Düsseldorf a me Stuttgart, ua alakaʻi kona noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi iā ia e nānā i kahi helu palena o nā opera: La bohème, La traviata, The Magic Shooter, Der Rosenkavalier, Tristan und Isolde, Othello, Carmen, Wozzecke a ma kekahi mau symphonies na Mozart, Beethoven a me Brahms. I kēia mau mea a pau, pono mākou e hoʻohui i ka The Bat a me kekahi mau mele mele māmā Viennese.

Ma nā wahi a pau āna i ʻike ai, ma Milan a i ʻole Vienna, ma Munich a i ʻole New York, a me Iapana, kahi āna i huakaʻi ai me ka lanakila lanakila i ke kauwela o 1995, hele pū ʻia ʻo ia me nā epithets mahalo loa. Akā naʻe, kakaʻikahi ʻo ia e māʻona. No ka huakaʻi huakaʻi ma Iapana, ua ʻae ʻo Kleiber, "Inā ʻaʻole mamao loa ʻo Iapana, a inā ʻaʻole nā ​​Kepani e uku nei i nā uku hoʻonanea, ʻaʻole wau e kanalua e haʻalele i nā mea āpau a holo."

Aloha nui kēia kanaka i ka hale keaka. ʻO ke ʻano o kona ola ʻana ma ke mele. Ma hope o Karajan, loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano nani a pololei loa i hiki ke loaʻa. ʻO nā mea a pau i hana pū me ia e ʻae i kēia: nā mea pena, nā lālā orkestra, nā mele mele. ʻO Lucia Popp, ma hope o ka hīmeni ʻana iā Sophie me ia i ka Rosenkavalier, hōʻole ʻo ia e hīmeni i kēia ʻāpana me kekahi alakaʻi.

ʻO "The Rosenkavalier" ʻo ia ka opera mua, i hāʻawi i kahi manawa no ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni La Scala e kamaʻilio me kēia alakaʻi Kelemania. Mai ka haku mele a Richard Strauss, ua hana ʻo Kleiber i kahi epic poina ʻole o nā manaʻo. Ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e ka lehulehu a me ka poʻe hoʻohewa, a ua lanakila ʻo Klaiber iā ia iho ma o Paolo Grassi, ʻo ia ka mea, i kona makemake ʻana, hiki ke pale ʻole.

ʻAʻole naʻe i maʻalahi ka lanakila ʻana ma luna o Kleiber. Ua hiki iā Claudio Abbado ke hoʻohuli iā ia, nāna i hāʻawi iā Klaiber e alakaʻi iā Verdi's Othello, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kona wahi iā ia, a laila ʻo Tristan lāua ʻo Isolde. I kekahi mau kau ma mua, ua lanakila nui ʻo Kleiber's Tristan ma ka Wagner Festival ma Bayreuth, a ua kono ʻo Wolfgang Wagner iā Kleiber e alakaʻi i ka Meistersingers a me ka tetralogy. Ua hōʻole maoli ʻia kēia hāʻawi hoʻowalewale e Klaiber.

ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā opera ʻehā i nā kau ʻehā no Carlos Kleiber. ʻAʻole i hana hou ka manawa hauʻoli i ka mōʻaukala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni La Scala. ʻO nā ʻOpera ma ka wehewehe ʻana a ka mea alakaʻi iā Kleiber a me nā mea hana a Schenk, Zeffirelli a me Wolfgang Wagner i lawe mai i nā kiʻi opera i nā kiʻekiʻe hou, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma mua.

He paʻakikī loa ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi moʻolelo moʻolelo pololei o Kleiber. Hoʻokahi mea maopopo: ʻo ka mea hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana iā ia ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻamau a maʻamau. He mea hoʻokani pila kēia a me ke alakaʻi, nona kēlā me kēia manawa, me kēlā me kēia mele mele a me kēlā me kēia ʻaha mele, hoʻomaka kahi moʻolelo hou.

Ma kāna wehewehe ʻana o The Rosenkavalier, pili pono nā mea pili a me nā manaʻo me ka pololei a me ka analyticity. Akā ʻo kāna ʻōlelo ʻana ma ka Straussian masterpiece, e like me ka huaʻōlelo ma Othello a me La bohème, ua hōʻailona ʻia e ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Kleiber me ka hiki ke pāʻani i ka rubato, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kahi ʻano kupaianaha o ka manawa. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻaʻole pili kāna rubato i ke ʻano, akā i ke aupuni o nā manaʻo. ʻAʻohe kānalua ʻaʻole like ʻo Kleiber i kahi alakaʻi Kelemania maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, no ka mea, ʻoi aku kāna talena a me kāna hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hōʻike o ka hana maʻamau, ʻoiai ma kona ʻano hanohano. Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i ka ʻāpana "Viennese" i loko ona, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ua hānau ʻia kona makuakāne, ʻo Erich nui, ma Vienna. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, manaʻo ʻo ia i ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻike i hoʻoholo ai i kona ola holoʻokoʻa: ʻo kona ʻano o ke ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kona ʻano, me ka pohihihi e hana ana i kahi hui hoʻokahi.

Loaʻa i kona ʻano ka moʻomeheu Kelemania, ʻano heroic a hanohano, a ʻo ka Viennese, ʻoi aku ka māmā. ʻAʻole naʻe lākou i ʻike ʻia e ke alakaʻi me ka pani ʻana o kona mau maka. Me he mea lā ua noʻonoʻo nui ʻo ia iā lākou ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa.

Ma kāna mau wehewehe ʻana, me nā hana symphonic, ʻālohilohi ke ahi pio ʻole. ʻAʻole pau kāna ʻimi ʻana i nā manawa e ola ai ke mele i ke ola maoli. A ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ka makana e hanu i ke ola i loko o kēlā mau ʻāpana i ʻike ʻole ʻia i mua ona.

Hana nā alakaʻi ʻē aʻe i ka ʻōlelo a ka mea kākau me ka mahalo nui. Hāʻawi pū ʻia ʻo Klaiber i kēia hanohano, akā ʻo kona hiki maoli ke hoʻoikaika mau i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka haku mele a me nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi i ka kikokikona ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke alakaʻi ʻo ia, loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻo nona ka mea hoʻokani pila i kahi nui, me he mea lā ma kahi o ke kū ʻana i ka console, e noho ana ʻo ia ma ka piano. He ʻenehana koʻikoʻi a kū hoʻokahi kēia mea hoʻokani pila, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka maʻalahi, elasticity o ka lima (he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ke alakaʻi ʻana), akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokomo i ka ʻenehana ma kahi mua.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano nani o Kleiber mai ka hopena, a ʻo kāna mea e makemake ai e haʻi aku i ka lehulehu ma ke ʻano pololei loa, inā he opera a i ʻole ka ʻāina ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - nā symphonies o Mozart, Beethoven a me Brahms. Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa a me ka hiki ke hana i nā mea me ka nānā ʻole i nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia keʻano o kona olaʻana ma keʻano he mea hoʻokani pila,ʻo kāna ala maʻalahi e hōʻike iā ia iho i ka honua a haʻalele iā ia, kona nohoʻana, piha i ka mea pohihihi, akā i ka manawa like.

ʻO Duilio Courir, "Amadeus" magazine

Unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻItalia e Irina Sorokina